Town in Minsk Region, Belarus
Town in Minsk Region, Belarus
Nyasvizh
or
Nesvizh
(
Belarusian
:
Нясв?ж
,
romanized
:
Niasvi?
,
[a]
IPA:
[n?a?s?v?i?]
;
Russian
:
Несвиж
;
Lithuanian
:
Nesvy?ius
;
Polish
:
Nie?wie?
;
Yiddish
:
????????
;
Latin
:
Nesvisium
) is a town in
Minsk Region
,
Belarus
.
[1]
It serves as the administrative centre of
Nyasvizh District
.
[1]
Nyasvizh is the site of
Nesvizh Castle
, a
World Heritage Site
. In 2009, its population was 14,300.
[2]
As of 2024, it has a population of 15,968.
[1]
History
[
edit
]
Nesvizh was first documented in 1223. It was part of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
until 1793, but the Grand Duchy was part of the
Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth
since 1569. In the 15th century, while still a minor town, it belonged to the
Kiszka family
and later to the
Radziwiłł family
, and remained the family's seat until 1813.
In 1561 or 1562 Maciej Kaw?czy?ski founded the print works of the
Polish Brethren
.
[3]
The first
Belarusian language
book printed in
Latin script
, a
catechism
by
Symon Budny
, was published in Nesvizh in 1562.
[4]
The
Nie?wie? Bible
(
Biblia nie?wieska
), one of the oldest
Polish translations of the Bible
, also by Budny, was completed there in 1571 and published in 1572.
Nesvizh Castle
was erected in 1583, and between 1584 and 1598 the
Benedictines
and
Jesuit
religious orders founded monasteries and a college.
[5]
At the request of
Mikołaj "the Orphan" Radziwiłł
Nie?wie? was granted
Magdeburg town rights
by King
Stephen Bathory
in 1586.
[6]
Two epidemics affected the city early in the 17th century which led to the establishment of a pharmacy in 1627.
During the
Great Northern War
of 1700?21, the city was significantly damaged by Swedish troops. It was rebuilt in the 1720s by
Michał "Rybe?ko" Radziwiłł
. In the aftermath of the war, in the 1740s and 1750s he founded a
Pas slucki
factory which was later moved to
Sluck
. He introduced a military school, several textile factories and restored the
Corpus Christi Church
and opened a print works. Michał's wife,
Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa
, founded the
Nie?wie? Radziwiłł Theatre
, including a choir and a ballet school.
Between 1764 and 1768 the city was occupied by Russian troops, and in 1772, at the
First Partition of Lithuania-Poland
, the library, which comprised circa 10,000 volumes, along with paintings and other art objects, was seized and transferred to
St. Petersburg
. Some books from the library were passed to the
Russian Academy of Sciences
.
After the
Second partition of Lithuania-Poland
in 1793, Nie?wie? was annexed by
Russia
, and renamed
Nesvizh
. In 1906, the
Polish Society "O?wiata"
("Education") in Nesvizh was established, but its activities were hampered by the Russian administration, before banning it at the start of 1910.
[6]
In 1912 the Russian authorities also liquidated the
Roman Catholic Charity Society
in Nesvizh.
After the fall of tsarist Russia, fighting broke out for control over the city and surrounding region. The city came under Soviet rule in early 1919 (
Polish?Soviet War
), the unsuccessful
Nie?wie? uprising
by Polish residents took place during March 14?19, 1919.
[6]
Nevertheless, Nie?wie? was captured by the Poles on April 19, 1919, and was integrated into the reestablished Polish state. It became a
powiat
in the
Nowogrodek Voivodeship
. In the 1921 census, 45.4% people declared Jewish nationality, 44.4% declared
Polish
nationality, 9.4% declared Belarusian nationality.
[7]
Following the
Soviet invasion of Poland
at the start of
World War II
in September 1939, it was part of the
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
from 1939 to 1941, then was occupied from 1941 to 1944 by the Germans in accordance with
Operation Barbarossa
. The town was re-occupied by the Soviets during
Operation Bagration
in 1944. Nyasvizh's status as part of the
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
was solidified in accordance with the
Potsdam Agreement
.
The Jews of Nesvizh
[
edit
]
The Jewish population in 1900 stood at 4,687, and approx. 4,500 on the eve of the German invasion,
Operation Barbarossa
.
[8]
With the occupation from June 27, 1941, a
Judenrat
was established. On October 30, 4,000 of the town's Jews were murdered and the rest confined to a ghetto. On July 20, 1942, the ghetto was surrounded by Belarusian police and the German commander announced that the ghetto's population would be liquidated with the exception of 30 essential skilled workers. The ghetto's underground organization, based on a Soviet-era Zionist group, called an uprising armed only with one machine gun, small arms but mostly knives. Most of the Jews were killed. A few escaped to nearby forests and joined partisan units, such as the Zhukov Jewish partisan unit.
[9]
Demographics
[
edit
]
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1897
| 8,400
| ?
|
---|
1921
| 6,840
| ?18.6%
|
---|
1931
| 7,357
| +7.6%
|
---|
1959
| 6,700
| ?8.9%
|
---|
1970
| 9,008
| +34.4%
|
---|
| Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1979
| 11,979
| +33.0%
|
---|
1989
| 14,039
| +17.2%
|
---|
2006
| 13,883
| ?1.1%
|
---|
2018
| 15,808
| +13.9%
|
---|
2023
| 15,907
| +0.6%
|
---|
|
Source:
[7]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
|
Main sights
[
edit
]
-
-
-
Slutsk Gate
-
Town Hall and cloth hall
-
Benedictine monastery
-
Gda?sk House
International relations
[
edit
]
Nyasvizh is twinned with:
[18]
Notable residents
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа"
.
belsat.gov.by
. Archived from
the original
on 2 April 2024
. Retrieved
9 April
2024
.
- ^
"Region information on the official website of the Nesvizh Regional Executive Committee (in Russian)"
. Retrieved
2009-10-02
.
- ^
Jozef Łukaszewicz,
Dzieje ko?ciołow wyznania helweckiego w Litwie
, t. 2, Pozna? 1822, p. 180-181
- ^
"Minsk celebrates 440th anniversary of first Belarusian book printed in Cyrillic alphabet"
. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Republic of Belarus
. Retrieved
2009-06-16
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
Г. П. Пашко?, ed. (2006). "Нясв?ж".
Энцыклапедыя "Вял?кае княства Л?то?скае" (том 2)
. М?нск: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя. pp. 368?369.
- ^
a
b
c
Maciej Rysiewicz (14 March 2019).
"Powstanie w Nie?wie?u ? z cyklu "Droga do niepodległo?ci"
"
.
Kurier Ostrowski
(in Polish)
. Retrieved
9 October
2019
.
- ^
a
b
Skorowidz miejscowo?ci Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom VII. Cz??? I
(in Polish). Warszawa: Głowny Urz?d Statystyczny. 1923. p. 37.
- ^
"Jewish Gen Town Locator"
. Archived from
the original
on 2012-02-29
. Retrieved
2010-07-01
.
- ^
Shalom Cholawski,
Nesvizh
in the
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
, vol. 3, pp.1043-1044
- ^
Drugi Powszechny Spis Ludno?ci z dnia 9 grudnia 1931 r: alfabetyczny wykaz miast w Polsce w granicach administracyjnych z dn. 1.V.1933 r: wyniki tymczasowe
Archived
2020-09-18 at the
Wayback Machine
. ? Warszawa: Głowny Urz?d Statystyczny, 1933. ? S. 1-5.
- ^
Беларуская Савецкая Энцыклапедыя: у 12 т. / гал. рэд. П. У. Бро?ка. ? Т. 12: БССР. ? Мн.: Беларуская Савецкая Энцыклапедыя, 1975. ? С. 697.
- ^
"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик (кроме РСФСР), их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу"
.
Демоскоп Weekly
.
Archived
from the original on 2011-03-09
. Retrieved
2019-02-06
.
- ^
"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик (кроме РСФСР), их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу"
.
Демоскоп Weekly
.
Archived
from the original on 2012-05-21
. Retrieved
2019-02-06
.
- ^
"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу"
.
Демоскоп Weekly
.
Archived
from the original on 2006-10-21
. Retrieved
2019-02-06
.
- ^
Статистический ежегодник Минской области. ? М?нск: Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь, 2018. ? С. 45-48.
- ^
Статистический ежегодник Минской области. ? М?нск: Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь, 2013. ? С. 44-48.
- ^
"Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа"
.
belsat.gov.by
. Archived from
the original
on 17 April 2023
. Retrieved
14 August
2023
.
- ^
"Города-партнёры"
.
nesvizh.gov.by
(in Russian). Nyasvizh
. Retrieved
2020-01-14
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Nyasvizh
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
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Districts
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raiony
)
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Cities and towns
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1
Administrative center of Minsk Region but administratively separated
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