Nectarius of Jerusalem
, born
Nikolaos Pelopidis
(
Greek
:
Νεκτ?ριο? Πελοπ?δη?
, 1602?1676), was the
Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem
from 1661 to 1669.
[1]
Biography
[
edit
]
Patriarch Nectarius was born Nikolaos Pelopidis near Heraklion in
Crete
in 1602.
[
citation needed
]
He was educated by the monks of
Saint Catherine's Monastery
, who were operating the Sinaitic Academy in Herakleion at that time,
[
citation needed
]
eventually becoming a
monk
himself in
Sinai
.
[2]
About 1645 he studied at
Athens
with the Neo-
Aristotelian
philosopher and scholar
Theophilos Corydalleus
.
[2]
Early in 1661 he was in
Constantinople
on business connected with his monastery, and on his return to Sinai he was chosen abbot (25-1-1661). However, on his way to
Jerusalem
to be consecrated, he was informed that he had been chosen
Patriarch of the Holy City
, and was
consecrated
on April 9, 1661.
[2]
As he was fond of learning and of music, he arranged for the establishment of schools in Constantinople, in Arta and Chios. In addition, he repaired the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
in Jerusalem, and cared for the reconstruction of monastic houses and
guest houses
for visitors there.
[
citation needed
]
When he was present in
Ia?i
, the capital of
Moldavia
, he became involved with the issues surrounding
Patriarch Nikon
of Moscow and all the Rus'.
[
citation needed
]
In July 1663, when Pantaleon Ligarid and Archbishop Josef of Astrakhan tried to officially depose Patriarch Nikon from his cathedra, Patriarch Nectarius of Jerusalem protested in 1664 against their intended trial of Patriarch Nikon, because he saw no serious basis for it. He also knew Ligarid well, considering him a rogue.
[3]
He is known by his recommendation of the
Confessio Orthodoxa
of
Peter Mogilas
(1645), which he endorsed in 1662.
[4]
[note 1]
As early as 1666 he sought to be relieved of his duties, and by 1669
Dositheos Notaras
had become his successor.
[2]
He participated in the
Synod of Jerusalem
in 1672, that refuted the Calvinist confessions of
Cyril Lucaris
.
[6]
After his resignation, Nectarius remained in Jerusalem, except for a short time when he was driven to Mount Sinai by Latin monks who came to Palestine with Roman Catholic crusaders. Later he remained at the Monastery of The Holy Archangels (Andromedos,
Joppa
) until his death.
[
citation needed
]
Patriarch Nectarius died on July 14, 1676.
[
citation needed
]
Writings
[
edit
]
Patriarch Nectarius was versed in the Greek, Arabic, Turkish, and Latin languages.
[
citation needed
]
During his patriarchate, Romish emissaries were very active in
endeavoring to persuade
the
Greek Christians of Palestine
, suffering under the yoke of the Turks, to unite with the Church of Rome. Among them a
Franciscan
, named Peter, was especially active in distributing five tracts in defense of the
papal authority
. Nectarius' refutation of these tracts regarding papal supremacy was among the most important of his writings, in a publication entitled:
(in Greek)
Κατ? τ?? ?ρχ?? το? Παπ?
,
[note 2]
a firm refutation of the Roman Catholic theses.
[4]
He also wrote a work in Greek against the doctrines of
Luther
and
Calvin
, which was translated into Latin by
Renaudot
, who published it, together with Gennadius'
Homilies on the Eucharist.
[7]
In his doctrine of the
Eucharist
, Nectarius was strictly Orthodox, and a zealous opponent of
Cyril Lucaris
and the
Calvinistic
movement.
[2]
[8]
In addition, Nectarius is said to have written a history of the
Egyptian empire
down to
Sultan Selim
.
[4]
[note 3]
In this Arabic manuscript (which he composed in Greek), he states that he personally witnessed a miracle in the region of
Heliopolis, Egypt
, similar to the narrative of
The Valley of Dry Bones,
(
Ezekiel 37:1-14
) in which the prophet sees the
dead rise again
.
[9]
[note 4]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
There were four seventeenth-century Confessions:
- ^
(in Greek)
Περ? τ?? ?ρχ?? το? Παπ? ?ντιρρ?σει?.
Iassi
1682; London 1702; Paris 1718.
- ^
See
Fabricius
,
Bibliotheca Graeca
(ed.
Harless
), ix,
310
.
- ^
"In the region of
Heliopolis, Egypt
, where the great pyramids are, God performs the following strange paradox every year, to wit: on the evening of our (not the Latins')
Holy Thursday
, the earth vomits old human relics and bones, which cover the ground of an extensive plain and which remain standing until the following
Thursday of the Assumption
(misnamed "Ascension" by the Latins), and then they go into hiding, and no longer show themselves at all, until Holy Thursday comes again. This is no myth or fable, but is true and certain, having been verified by older and recent historians, and particularly by
George Coressios
the Chian, and by
Nectarius,
of blessed memory, a former
patriarch of Jerusalem
, who in the Arabic manuscript which he composed tells about it on page 266 and, as appears from what he says further on, saw it with his own eyes. In fact, these human bones presage the future
resurrection of the dead
, just as the prophet
Ezekiel
too saw them."
[9]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Noble, S.; Panchenko, C.A.; Noble, B.P. (2016).
Arab Orthodox Christians Under the Ottomans 1516?1831
. Holy Trinity Publications. p. 677.
ISBN
978-1-942699-10-1
. Retrieved
2023-12-07
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Kattenbusch, Ferdinand
(Ph.D, Th.D.).
"
NECTARIUS: Patriarch of Jerusalem
."
In: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, Ed. (1914).
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
, Vol. VIII: Morality - Petersen. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1953. p. 98.
- ^
Daniel Shubin.
A History of Russian Christianity.
Algora Publishing, 2004. p. 119.
- ^
a
b
c
Proeschel, J.N.
"2. Nectarius (Patriarch of Jerusalem)."
In:
McClintock, John
and
James Strong
. Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. Vol. VI ? ME-NEV. New York: Harper and Brother Publishers, 1882. p. 914.
- ^
Christos Yannaras
.
Orthodoxy and the West: Hellenic Self-Identity in the Modern Age.
Transl. Peter Chamberas and Norman Russell. Brookline: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006. p. 64.
- ^
New Advent website,
Jerusalem (After 1291)
- ^
(
Paris
, 1709, 4to).
- ^
Christian Classics Ethereal Library,
Synod of Jerusalem
- ^
a
b
The Rudder
(P?dalion)
: Of the metaphorical ship of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of the Orthodox Christians, or all the sacred and divine canons of the holy and renowned Apostles, of the holy Councils, ecumenical as well as regional, and of individual fathers, as embodied in the original Greek text, for the sake of authenticity, and explained in the vernacular by way of rendering them more intelligible to the less educated.
- Comp. Agapius a Hieromonk and Nicodemus a Monk. First printed and published A.D.1800. Trans. D. Cummings, from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides (Kesisoglou the Caesarian) in Athens, Greece in 1908, (Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Educational Society, 1957; Repr., New York, N.Y.: Luna Printing Co., 1983). pp. 10-11.
Sources
[
edit
]
- Kattenbusch, Ferdinand
(Ph.D, Th.D.).
"
NECTARIUS: Patriarch of Jerusalem
."
In: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, Ed. (1914).
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
, Vol. VIII: Morality - Petersen. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1953. p. 98.
- Proeschel, J.N.
"2. Nectarius (Patriarch of Jerusalem)."
In:
McClintock, John
and
James Strong
.
Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
. Vol. VI ? ME-NEV. New York: Harper and Brother Publishers, 1882. p. 914.
- (in Greek)
Μανο?σακα? Μ. Ι..
Η Επιτομ? τη? Ιεροκοσμικ?? Ιστορ?α? του Νεκταρ?ου Ιεροσολ?μων και αι πηγα? αυτ??.
Κρητικ? Χρονικ?. τομ.1 (1947), σελ. 291?332.
- (in Latin)
Fabricius, Johann Albert
.
Ioannis Alberti Fabricii... Bibliotheca Graeca: Sive Notitia Scriptorum Vetervm Graecorvm
.
Editio Nova:
Gottlieb Christoph Harless
, Christoph August Heumann. Volvmen Nonvm. Hambvrgi: Apud Carolvm Ernestvm Bohn, 1804. p. 310.
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
People
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|