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Security of the United States
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National security of the
United States
is a collective term encompassing the policies of both U.S.
national defense
and
foreign relations
.
[1]
Elements of policy
[
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]
Measures taken to ensure U.S. national security include:
The Constitution
[
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]
The phrase “national security” entered U.S. political discourse as early as the
Constitutional Convention
. The
Federalists
argued that
civilian control of the military
required a strong central government under a single constitution.
Alexander Hamilton
wrote: “If a well-regulated militia be the most natural defense of a free country, it ought certainly to be under the regulation and at the disposal of that body which is constituted the guardian of the national security.”
[3]
Organization
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]
U.S. National Security organization has remained essentially stable since July 26, 1947, when
U.S. President
Harry S. Truman
signed the
National Security Act of 1947
. Together with its 1949 amendment, this act:
Civil liberties
[
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]
After
9/11
, the passage of the
USA Patriot Act
provoked debate about the alleged restriction of individual rights and freedoms for the sake of U.S. national security. The easing of warrant requirements for intelligence surveillance, under Title II of the Act, spurred the
NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
.
[5]
In August 2008, the
United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review (FISCR)
affirmed the constitutionality of
warrantless
national security surveillance.
[6]
Reports
[
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]
In May 2015, the
White House
released the report
The National Security Implications of a Changing Climate
.
[7]
See also
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]
References
[
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]
- ^
U.S. Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, New Revised Edition, Joint Pub. 1-02, 1990.
Full text online
Archived
October 10, 2016, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Encyclopedia of United States National Security
, 2 Vol., Sage Publications (2005),
ISBN
0-7619-2927-4
.
- ^
Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist No. 29, “Concerning the Militia,” Jan. 9, 1788
Full text online
- ^
Amy B. Zegart,
Flawed by Design: The Evolution of the CIA, JCS, and NSC
, Stanford University Press (1999,
ISBN
0-8047-4131-X
.
- ^
Nola K Breglio, “Leaving FISA Behind: The Need to Return to Warrantless Surveillance,”
Yale Law Journal
, September 24, 2003.
Full text PDF
- ^
"Court Affirms Wiretapping Without Warrants,"
New York Times
, January 15, 2009.
Full text online
.
- ^
White House (May 20, 2015).
"The National Security Implications of a Changing Climate"
.
whitehouse.gov
– via
National Archives
.