Japanese variation of the NTSC analog television standard
NTSC-J
or "System J" is the informal designation for the
analogue
television
standard used in
Japan
. The system is based on the US
NTSC
(
NTSC-M
) standard with minor differences.
[1]
While NTSC-M is an official
CCIR
[2]
[3]
[4]
and
FCC
[5]
[6]
[7]
standard, NTSC-J or "System J" are a colloquial indicators.
The system was introduced by
NHK
and
NTV
, with regular color broadcasts starting on September 10, 1960.
[8]
[9]
NTSC-J was replaced by
digital broadcasts
in 44 of the country's 47 prefectures on 24 July 2011. Analogue broadcasting ended on 31 March 2012 in the three prefectures devastated by the
2011 T?hoku earthquake and tsunami
(
Iwate
,
Miyagi
,
Fukushima
) and the subsequent
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
.
The term NTSC-J is also incorrectly and informally used to distinguish regions in
console video games
, which use televisions (see
Marketing definition
below).
Technical definition
[
edit
]
Japan implemented the
NTSC
standard with slight differences. The
black
and
blanking levels
of the NTSC-J signal are identical to each other
[10]
(both at 0
IRE
, similar to the
PAL
video standard), while in American NTSC the black level is slightly higher (7.5
IRE
) than blanking level - because of the way this appears in the waveform, the higher black level is also called pedestal. This small difference doesn't cause any incompatibility problems, but needs to be compensated by a slight change of the TV brightness setting in order to achieve proper images.
YIQ
color encoding in NTSC-J uses slightly different equations and ranges from regular NTSC.
has a range of 0 to +-334 (+-309 on NTSC-M), and
has a range of 0 to +-293 (+-271 on NTSC-M).
[11]
YCbCr
equations for NTSC-J are
, while on NTSC-M we have
.
[11]
NTSC-J also uses a
white reference
(
color temperature
) of
9300K
instead of the usual NTSC standard of
6500K
.
[12]
[13]
[14]
The over-the-air
RF frequencies
used in Japan do not match those of the US NTSC standard. On VHF the frequency spacing for each channel is 6 MHz as in
North America
,
South America
,
Caribbean
,
South Korea
,
Taiwan
, Burma (
Myanmar
) the
Philippines
, except between channels 7 and 8 (which overlap). Channels 1 through 3 are reallocated for the expansion of the
Japanese FM band
. On UHF frequency spacing for each channel in Japan is the same, but the channel numbers are 1 lower than on the other areas mentioned - for example, channel 13 in Japan is on the same frequency as channel 14. For more information see
Television channel frequencies
. Channels 13-62 are used for analog and digital TV broadcasting.
The encoding of the
stereo subcarrier
also differs between
NTSC-M
/
MTS
and Japanese
EIAJ MTS
broadcasts.
[15]
Marketing definition
[
edit
]
The term NTSC-J was informally used to distinguish
regions in console video games
, which use televisions. NTSC-J is used as the name of the video gaming region of Japan (hence the "J"), South East Asia (some countries only), Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Philippines and South Korea (now NTSC-K) (formerly part of SE Asia with Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, etc.).
[16]
[17]
Most games designated as part of this region will not run on hardware designated as part of the NTSC-U, PAL (or PAL-E, "E" stands for Europe) or
NTSC-C
(for
China
) mostly due to the regional differences of the
PAL
(
SECAM
was also used in the early 1990s) and
NTSC
standards.
[18]
[19]
[20]
[17]
Many older video game systems do not allow games from different regions to be played (accomplished by various forms of
regional lockout
); however more modern consoles either leave protection to the discretion of publishers, such as
Microsoft
's
Xbox 360
, or discontinue its use entirely, like
Sony
's
PlayStation 3
(with a few exceptions).
China
received its own designation due to fears of an influx of illegal copies flooding out of China, which is notorious for its rampant copyright infringements. There is also concern of copyright protection through regional lockout built into the video game systems and games themselves, as the same product can be edited by different publishers from one continent to another.
See also
[
edit
]
- Broadcast television systems
- Related topics
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Parekh, Ranjan (July 1, 2013).
Principles of Multimedia
. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
ISBN
9781259006500
– via Google Books.
- ^
Korea Electronics Association (1991).
Journal of Korean Electronics
(PDF)
.
- ^
Alonso, Rodney Martinez; Pupo, Ernesto Fontes; Pan, Changyong (June 10, 2015).
"Co-channel and adjacent channel interference in DTMB with 6MHz channel bandwidth"
. pp. 1?5.
doi
:
10.1109/BMSB.2015.7177274
.
ISBN
978-1-4799-5865-8
.
S2CID
11038252
– via IEEE Xplore.
- ^
"C.C.I.R - Documents of the Xlth Plenary Assembly Oslo, 1966"
(PDF)
.
- ^
National Television System Committee (1951?1953), Report and Reports of Panel No. 11, 11-A, 12?19, with Some supplementary references cited in the Reports, and the Petition for adoption of transmission standards for color television before the Federal Communications Commission, n.p., 1953], 17 v. illus., diagrs., tables. 28 cm. LC Control No.:54021386
Library of Congress Online Catalog
- ^
Herbert, Stephen (June 21, 2004).
A History of Early Television
. Taylor & Francis.
ISBN
9780415326681
– via Google Books.
- ^
Meadow, Charles T. (February 11, 2002).
Making Connections: Communication through the Ages
. Scarecrow Press.
ISBN
9781461706915
– via Google Books.
- ^
"1960-1961 : Begins Mass Production of Color TVs | Sharp Corporation | Sharp Global"
.
global.sharp
. Retrieved
2023-01-11
.
- ^
Manners, David (2021-06-08).
"Japan Starts Colour TV Broadcasts"
.
Electronics Weekly
. Retrieved
2023-01-11
.
- ^
Poynton, Charles (January 3, 2003).
Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces
. Elsevier.
ISBN
9780080504308
– via Google Books.
- ^
a
b
Jack, Keith (September 21, 2004).
Video Demystified
. Elsevier.
ISBN
9780080481623
– via Google Books.
- ^
Poynton, Charles (2003).
Digital video and HDTV : algorithms and interfaces
. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. p. 643.
ISBN
9781558607927
.
...it is standard for reference white to correspond to light having the spectral and/or colorimetric properties of CIE Illuminant D65 (except in Japan, where the standard white reference is 9300 K).
- ^
"Recommendation BT.470-6: Conventional Television Systems"
(PDF)
.
International Telecommunication Union
. ITU. 30 November 1998. p. 16
. Retrieved
5 November
2016
.
In Japan, the chromaticity of studio monitors is adjusted to a D-white at 9 300 K.
- ^
"Guideline for Colorimetry for 1125/60 HDTV Production System"
(PDF)
.
Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
(in Japanese). Association of Radio Industries and Businesses. 21 July 1998. p. 4. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 13 April 2013
. Retrieved
5 November
2016
.
"D93: D93は9,305 K色?度であり、日本におけるモニタの基準白色として使用されている。" [D93 represents a color temperature of 9,305 K, and it is the white reference used for monitors in Japan.]
- ^
Numaguchi, Yasutaka (December 1979). "Present Status of Multichannel-Sound Television Broadcasting in Japan".
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting
. BC-25 (4): 128?136.
doi
:
10.1109/TBC.1979.266340
.
S2CID
19830970
.
- ^
"PlayStation DataCenter - NTSC-J List"
.
psxdatacenter.com
. Retrieved
2023-03-31
.
- ^
a
b
"NTSC-J And NTSC-U PSone Classics Confirmed For SCEE"
.
PlayStation.Blog
. 2011-08-01
. Retrieved
2023-03-31
.
- ^
"PlayStation DataCenter - NTSC-U List"
.
psxdatacenter.com
. Retrieved
2023-03-31
.
- ^
"PlayStation DataCenter - PAL List"
.
psxdatacenter.com
. Retrieved
2023-03-31
.
- ^
"Sony PlayStation 2 (NTSC-U/C) | Game Metadata and Citation Project Controlled Vocabularies"
.
gamemetadata.soe.ucsc.edu
. Retrieved
2023-03-31
.
|
---|
Designation
|
Usage examples
|
Definition (lines)
|
Rate (Hz)
|
Interlaced (fields)
|
Progressive (frames)
|
|
---|
Low,
MP@LL
| |
---|
Standard,
MP@ML
| |
---|
Enhanced,
HMP@HML
| |
---|
High,
MP@HL
|
HDTV
,
BD
,
HD DVD
,
HDV
|
720
|
|
24, 30, 60; 25, 50
|
1080, 1440
|
60; 50
|
24, 30, 60; 25, 50
|
|
---|
Ultra-high
| |
---|
|
---|
Television
|
---|
Analog
| 405 lines
| |
---|
525 lines
| |
---|
625 lines
|
- System B
,
C
,
D
,
G
,
H
,
I
,
K
,
L
,
N
- Color systems:
PAL
,
PAL-N
,
PALplus
,
SECAM
- MAC
|
---|
819 lines
| |
---|
1125 lines
| |
---|
1250 lines
| |
---|
Audio
| |
---|
Hidden signals
| |
---|
Historical
| |
---|
|
---|
Digital
| |
---|
|
|
|