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Nott

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Nott rides her horse in this 19th-century painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo .

In Norse mythology , Nott ( Old Norse : [?noːtː] , "night" [1] ) is personification of the night . In both the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda , composed in the 13th century, Nott is listed as the daughter of a figure by the name of Norvi (with variant spellings) and is associated with the horse Hrimfaxi , while the Prose Edda features information about Nott's ancestry, including her three marriages. Nott's third marriage was to the god Dellingr and this resulted in their son Dagr , the personified day (although some manuscript variations list Jorð as Dellingr's wife and Dagr's mother instead). As a proper noun , the word nott appears throughout Old Norse literature.

Attestations [ edit ]

Poetic Edda [ edit ]

In stanza 24 of the poem Vafþruðnismal , the god Odin (disguised as " Gagnraðr ") asks the jotunn Vafþruðnir from where the day comes, and the night and its tides. In stanza 25, Vafþruðnir responds:

Delling hight he who the day's father is,
but night was of Norvi born;
the new and waning moons the beneficent powers created,
to count the years for men. [2]

In stanza 14 of the Vafþruðnismal , Odin states that the horse Hrimfaxi "draws every night to the beneficent gods" and that he lets foam from his bit fall every morning, from which dew comes to the valleys. [3] In stanza 30 of the poem Alvissmal , the god Thor asks the dwarf Alviss to tell him what night is called in each of the nine worlds, whom " Norr " birthed. Alviss responds that night is referred as "night" by mankind, "darkness" by the gods, "the masker" by the mighty Powers, "unlight" by the jotunn, "joy-of-sleep" by the elves , while dwarves call her "dream- Njorun " (meaning "dream-goddess"). [4]

In Sigrdrifumal , after the valkyrie Sigrdrifa is woken from her sleep curse by the hero Sigurd , Sigurd asks her name, and she gives him a "memory-drink" of a drinking horn full of mead , and then Sigrdrifa says a heathen prayer . The first verse of this prayer features a reference to the "sons of Dagr" and the "daughter of Nott":

Hail to the Day! Hail to the sons of Day!
To Night and her daughter hail!
With placid eyes behold us here,
and here sitting give us victory.
Hail to the Æsir ! Hail to the Asyniur !
Hail to the bounteous earth!
Words and wisdom give to us noble twain,
and healing hands while we live! [5]

Prose Edda [ edit ]

In the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning , Nott is again personified. In chapter 10, the enthroned figure of High states that Nott is the daughter of a jotunn from Jotunheimr by the name of " Norfi or Narfi ". Nott is described as "black and swarthy", and has had three marriages. Her first marriage was with Naglfari , and the two produced a son by the name of Auðr . Nott's second marriage was to Annar , resulting in their daughter Jorð , the personified earth. Finally, Nott marries the god Dellingr, and the couple have Dagr , who takes after his "father's people" in brightness and fairness. Odin took Nott and her son Dagr, placed them into the sky with a chariot and a horse each, and they ride around the Earth every 24 hours. Nott rides before Dagr, and foam from her horse Hrimfaxi's bit sprinkles the Earth. [6]

However, scholar Haukur Thorgeirsson points out that the four manuscripts of Gylfaginning vary in their descriptions of the family relations between Nott, Jorð, Dagr, and Dellingr. In other words, depending on the manuscript, either Jorð or Natt is the mother of Dagr and partner of Dellingr. Haukur details that "the oldest manuscript, U, offers a version where J?rð is married to Dellingr and the mother of Dagr while the other manuscripts, R, W and T, cast Nott in the role of Dellingr's wife and Dagr's mother", and argues that "the version in U came about accidentally when the writer of U or its antecedent shortened a text similar to that in RWT. The results of this accident made their way into the Icelandic poetic tradition". [7]

In the Prose Edda book Skaldskaparmal , means of referring to Jorð are provided, including "daughter of Nott". [8] Chapter 58 states that "Hrimfaxi or Fiorsvartnir draw the night", [9] and in chapter 64, "nott" is stated as one of various words for time and a version of the Alvissmal passage is cited. [10]

See also [ edit ]

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ Orchard (1997:120).
  2. ^ Thorpe (1907:13).
  3. ^ Larrington (1996:42).
  4. ^ Translation of all of this section minus "dream-Njorun" from Larrington (1996:113). Larrington glosses draum-Njorun (Jonsson (1931:84, Old Norse "dream-Njorun") as "dream-goddess".
  5. ^ Thorpe (1907:181).
  6. ^ Byock (2005:19).
  7. ^ Haukur (2008:159?168).
  8. ^ Faulkes (1995:90).
  9. ^ Faulkes (1995:137).
  10. ^ Faulkes (1995:144).

References [ edit ]

  • Byock, Jesse (Trans.) (2006). The Prose Edda . Penguin Classics . ISBN   0-14-044755-5
  • Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda . Everyman . ISBN   0-460-87616-3
  • Jonsson, Finnur (1931). Lexicon poeticum . S. L. Møllers bogtrykkeri.
  • Haukur Thorgeirsson (2008). "Hinn fagri foldar son" as published in Gripla XIX , pages 159?168. Arni Magnusson Institute for Icelandic Studies .
  • Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). The Poetic Edda . Oxford World's Classics . ISBN   0-19-283946-2
  • Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend . Cassell . ISBN   0-304-34520-2
  • Thorpe, Benjamin (Trans.) (1907). The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson . Norrœna Society .
  • Calaway, Bernie L. (2019-10-22). History and Mystery: The Complete Eschatological Encyclopedia of Prophecy, Apocalypticism, Mythos, and Worldwide Dynamic Theology Vol 4 . Lulu.com. ISBN   978-1-387-70316-6 .

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