County in California, United States
County in California, United States
Modoc County
(
) is a
county
in the far northeast corner of the
U.S. state
of
California
. Its population is 8,700 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,686 from the 2010 census. This makes it California's third-least populous county. The
county seat
and only incorporated city is
Alturas
.
[3]
Previous county seats include
Lake City
and
Centerville
. The county borders
Nevada
and
Oregon
.
Much of Modoc County is
federal land
. Several federal agencies, including the
United States Forest Service
,
Bureau of Land Management
,
National Park Service
,
Bureau of Indian Affairs
, and the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
, have employees assigned to the area, and their operations are a significant part of its economy and services.
The county's official slogans include "The last best place" and "Where the West still lives".
[4]
History
[
edit
]
Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the region, varying cultures of
Native Americans
inhabited the county for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, the
Modoc people
lived in what is now northern California, near
Lost River
and
Tule Lake
. The county was named after them.
[5]
: 216
The
Achomawi
(or Pit River Indians, for which the
Pit River
is named), and the
Paiute
also lived in the area.
[5]
: 216
To the north were the
Klamath
in present-day Oregon.
The first European explorers to visit Modoc County were the American
John C. Fremont
and his traveling party (including
Kit Carson
) in 1846, who had departed from
Sutter's Fort
near the confluence of the
American
and
Sacramento Rivers
(where
Sacramento
stands today).
[5]
: 216
The northern boundary of California, and eventually Modoc County, had been established as the 42nd parallel since the time of Mexican possession. In the absence of a reliable survey of the 120th meridian, the eastern boundary of northern California was a subject of contention before Modoc County formed. The
Territory of Utah
requested jurisdiction to the summit of the
Sierra Nevada
. At the time, the
Warner Mountains
were believed to be a part of the Sierra Nevada, so this would have included
Surprise Valley
, but California denied the request.
[6]
: 76?77
In 1856, the residents of
Honey Lake Valley
reckoned the 120th meridian to be west of their valley, placing them in Utah territory, and attempted to secede and form a territory they called
Nataqua
. Nataqua would have included Modoc County.
[7]
In 1858, the
Territory of Nevada
, with its capital now in Carson City, seceded from Utah, and assumed jurisdiction to the summit of the Sierra Nevada until the 120th meridian was surveyed in 1863.
[6]
: 76?77
After Nevada was granted statehood in 1864, the region of current Modoc County was placed within jurisdiction of
Shasta County, California
, and
Siskiyou County
was, in turn, generated from Shasta County in 1852.
[8]
Increasing traffic on the emigrant trail, unprovoked militia raids on innocent Modoc, and a cycle of retaliatory raids increased a cycle of violence between settlers and the tribes in the area.
[5]
: 217
In 1864, the Klamath, Modoc and Yahooskin band of the
Shoshone
signed a treaty ceding lands in both Oregon and California, and the tribes were colocated on the Klamath Reservation. Harassed by the Klamath, traditional competitors, a band of Modoc led by
Captain Jack
returned to California and the Tule Lake area.
The
Modoc War
or
Lava Beds War
of 1872-73 brought nationwide attention to the Modoc. From strong defensive positions in the
lava tubes
, 52 Modoc warriors held off hundreds of US Army forces, who called in artillery to help.
[5]
: 218?219
Peace talks in 1873 stalled when the Modoc wanted their own reservation in California. Warriors urged killing the peace commissioners, thinking the Americans would then leave, and Captain Jack and others shot and killed General
Edward Canby
and Rev. Eleazer Thomas, as well as wounding others. More Army troops were called in to lay siege to Captain Jack's Stronghold.
[9]
Dissension arose, and some Modoc surrendered. Finally, most were captured, and those responsible for the assassinations were tried and executed. More than 150 Modoc were transported to Indian Territory as prisoners of war.
[5]
: 219
The area has since been designated the
Lava Beds National Monument
.
Settlement of the county began in earnest in the 1870s, with the timber, gold, agriculture, and railroad industries bringing most of the settlers into the area. The county was a crossroads for the
Lassen Applegate Trail
, which brought settlers north from Nevada to the
Oregon Trail
and south to trails leading into California's central valley. Early settlers included the Dorris, Belli, Essex, Scherer, Trumbo, Flournoy, Polander, Rice and Campbell families.
Modoc County was formed when Governor
Newton Booth
signed an Act of the California Legislature on February 17, 1874, after residents of the
Surprise Valley
region lobbied for the creation of a new county from eastern Siskiyou County land.
[5]
: 216
The county residents considered naming the newly formed county after Canby, whom the Modoc had killed the previous year in an ambush at peace talks. The name Summit was also considered, but the populace eventually settled on Modoc. The war was over and 153 of Captain Jack's band had been transported to
Indian Territory
as prisoners.
[8]
The Dorris Bridge post office opened in 1871
[10]
and was renamed Dorrisville in 1874. Due to its central location, it became the county seat when Modoc County formed that year, although both
Adin
and
Cedarville
were larger towns.
[6]
: 84
In 1876, it was renamed Alturas, Spanish for "The Heights".
[11]
The 1880 census showed a population of 148. Settlement continued for the next 20 years, until the city was officially incorporated on September 16, 1901 (the county's only incorporated city).
During
World War II
, the US government developed several thousand acres just south of
Newell
as a
Japanese American internment
camp.
Tule Lake War Relocation Center
was the site of temporary exile for thousands of Japanese-American citizens, who lost most of their businesses and properties where they had formerly lived in coastal areas. A historical marker marks the site along
California State Route 139
in Newell.
Tule Lake was the largest of the "segregation camps." On November 8, 2005, Senator
Dianne Feinstein
called for the camp to be designated a
National Historic Landmark
. In December 2008 President
George W. Bush
designated it one of nine sites to be part of the new
World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument
, now the
Tule Lake National Monument
.
Geography
[
edit
]
According to the
U.S. Census Bureau
, the county has a total area of 4,203 square miles (10,890 km
2
), of which 3,918 square miles (10,150 km
2
) is land and 286 square miles (740 km
2
) (6.8%) is water.
[12]
There are 2.25 persons per square mile, making this one of the most sparsely populated counties in California. It is also (almost) the only rectangular county in California; there is a slight deviation around the
Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge
.
The county is very diverse geographically. The northwestern edge of the county is dominated by the
Medicine Lake
Highlands, the largest
shield volcano
on the U.S. West Coast. The
Lava Beds National Monument
lies partly within the northwest corner of the county. Also along the western edge of the county is the massive
Glass Mountain lava flow
. The southwestern corner of the county is a unique ecosystem of isolated hardwoods (oaks) and volcanic mountains with intermountain river valleys.
The northern half of the county is the
Modoc Plateau
, a 1-mile (1.6 km) high expanse of lava flows, cinder cones, juniper flats, pine forests, and seasonal lakes, plus the alkaline
Goose Lake
. Nearly 1 million acres (4,000 km
2
) of the
Modoc National Forest
lie on the plateau between the Medicine Lake Highlands in the west and the
Warner Mountains
in the east. The plateau supports large herds of
mule deer
(
Odocoileus hemionus
),
Rocky Mountain Elk
(
Cervus canadensis
), and
pronghorn
(
Antilocapra americana
). There are also several herds of wild horses on the plateau. The
Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuge
and
Long Bell State Game Refuge
are located on the plateau as well. The Lost River watershed, which later drains into the
Klamath River
basin, drains the north part of the plateau, while southern watersheds either collect in basin reservoirs or flow into the large
Big Sage Reservoir
, which sits in the center of the county, which later flows into the
Pit River
.
Below the rim of the Plateau is
Big Valley
in the extreme southwest corner of the county, and the large
Warm Springs Valley
that forms the bottom of the
Pit River
watershed that runs through the county. The north fork and south fork of the Pit River come together just south of Alturas. The River collects hundreds of other small creeks as it flows south towards
Lake Shasta
, where it joins the
Sacramento River
and drains into the
San Francisco Bay
.
The eastern edge of the county is dominated by the
Warner Mountains
. The Pit River originates in this mountain range. Hundreds of alpine lakes dot the range, all of which are fed by snow-melt and natural springs. East of the Warner Range is
Surprise Valley
and the western edge of the
Great Basin
.
Hot Springs and lava caves are common to Modoc County. There are some geothermal energy resources available in the county, though their viability is highly variable.
A great diversity of plants are found in Modoc County, since this is situated within the biodiverse
California Floristic Province
. Numerous native trees are found in the county including
Garry oak
and
Washoe pine
trees.
[13]
Jeffrey Pine
and
Ponderosa Pine
are also found in large numbers.
[14]
Adjacent counties
[
edit
]
National protected areas
[
edit
]
Demographics
[
edit
]
2011
[
edit
]
Population, race, and income
|
Total population
[15]
|
9,587
|
White
[15]
|
8,392
|
87.5%
|
Black or African American
[15]
|
108
|
1.1%
|
American Indian or Alaska Native
[15]
|
327
|
3.4%
|
Asian
[15]
|
73
|
0.8%
|
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
[15]
|
8
|
0.1%
|
Some other race
[15]
|
389
|
4.1%
|
Two or more races
[15]
|
290
|
3.0%
|
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
[16]
|
1,290
|
13.5%
|
Per capita income
[17]
|
$20,769
|
Median household income
[18]
|
$35,402
|
Median family income
[19]
|
$46,047
|
Places by population, race, and income
[
edit
]
Places by population and income
|
Place
|
Type
[20]
|
Population
[21]
|
Per capita income
[17]
|
Median household income
[18]
|
Median family income
[19]
|
Adin
|
CDP
|
418
|
$21,457
|
$45,625
|
$57,550
|
Alturas
|
City
|
2,813
|
$20,842
|
$32,237
|
$47,260
|
California Pines
|
CDP
|
105
|
$26,595
|
$55,938
|
$118,194
|
Canby
|
CDP
|
480
|
$11,298
|
$21,744
|
$21,744
|
Cedarville
|
CDP
|
545
|
$22,710
|
$43,500
|
$46,058
|
Daphnedale Park
|
CDP
|
35
|
[22]
|
$12,083
|
[22]
|
Eagleville
|
CDP
|
53
|
$46,826
|
$27,083
|
$113,750
|
Fort Bidwell
|
CDP
|
151
|
$16,332
|
$21,875
|
$28,250
|
Lake City
|
CDP
|
66
|
$24,061
|
$35,284
|
$9,688
|
Likely
|
CDP
|
100
|
$17,659
|
$35,143
|
[22]
|
Lookout
|
CDP
|
5
|
[22]
|
[22]
|
[22]
|
Newell
|
CDP
|
473
|
$8,765
|
$28,875
|
$23,864
|
New Pine Creek
|
CDP
|
104
|
$31,602
|
$28,472
|
[22]
|
2000
[
edit
]
Historical population
Census
| Pop.
| Note
| %±
|
1880
| 4,399
| | ?
|
---|
1890
| 4,986
| | 13.3%
|
---|
1900
| 5,076
| | 1.8%
|
---|
1910
| 6,191
| | 22.0%
|
---|
1920
| 5,425
| | ?12.4%
|
---|
1930
| 8,038
| | 48.2%
|
---|
1940
| 8,713
| | 8.4%
|
---|
1950
| 9,678
| | 11.1%
|
---|
1960
| 8,308
| | ?14.2%
|
---|
1970
| 7,469
| | ?10.1%
|
---|
1980
| 8,610
| | 15.3%
|
---|
1990
| 9,678
| | 12.4%
|
---|
2000
| 9,449
| | ?2.4%
|
---|
2010
| 9,686
| | 2.5%
|
---|
2020
| 8,700
| | ?10.2%
|
---|
2023 (est.)
| 8,500
| [23]
| ?2.3%
|
---|
As of the
census
[28]
of 2000, there were 9,449 people, 3,784 households, and 2,550 families residing in the county. The
population density
was 2 people per square mile (0.77 people/km
2
). There were 4,807 housing units at an average density of 1 units per square mile (0.39 units/km
2
). The racial makeup of the county was 85.9%
White
, 0.7%
Black
or
African American
, 4.2%
American Indian
, 0.6%
Asian
, 0.1%
Pacific Islander
, 5.7% from
other races
, and 2.8% from two or more races. 11.5% of the population were
Hispanic
or
Latino
of any race.
The largest ethnicity/ancestry groups in Modoc county include: 15%
English
, 14%
Irish
and 13%
German
of whom 90.4% spoke
English
and 8.8%
Spanish
as their first language.
There were 3,784 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were
married couples
living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.7 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $27,522, and the median income for a family was $35,978. Males had a median income of $30,538 versus $23,438 for females. The
per capita income
for the county was $17,285. About 16.4% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the
poverty line
, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.
Modoc County has the
lowest median household income
of any county in California.
In 2005, the median home price reached $100,000 for the first time ever, over a 40% increase since 2000.
[4]
Much of this can be traced to an influx of residents from other parts of the state, who find the housing bargains attractive. Some of these are retirees who have sold their houses for large profits in other parts of the state, using the proceeds to live on, while others are
remote workers
. This sudden rise in housing prices become unaffordable for locals, who find themselves unable to purchase homes given their limited incomes.
[4]
2010
[
edit
]
The
2010 United States Census
reported that Modoc County had a population of 9,686. The racial makeup of Modoc County was 8,084 (83.5%)
White
, 82 (0.8%)
African American
, 370 (3.8%)
Native American
, 78 (0.8%)
Asian
, 21 (0.2%)
Pacific Islander
, 680 (7.0%) from
other races
, and 371 (3.8%) from two or more races.
Hispanic
or
Latino
of any race were 1,342 persons (13.9%).
[29]
Politics
[
edit
]
Federally, Modoc County is in
California's 1st congressional district
, represented by
Republican
Doug LaMalfa
.
[30]
In the
state legislature
Modoc is in
the 1st Senate District
, represented by
Republican
Brian Dahle
,
[31]
and
the 1st Assembly District
, represented by
Republican
Megan Dahle
.
[32]
For much of the 20th century, Modoc County was a
bellwether
county for statewide elections in California, voting for the statewide winner in every election between 1912 and 1990 with the exception of
Jerry Brown
's two statewide victories (the county's dislike of Brown attributable to his environmental policies negatively affecting the county's logging industry).
[33]
Recently, though, Modoc County has trended Republican, becoming one of the most conservative counties in the state. On November 4, 2008, Modoc County delivered the most lopsided vote in favor of
John McCain
of any county in California, with 67.4% of voters opting for the Republican. The county also voted 74.2% in favor of Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages; only
Kern
and
Tulare
counties voted in higher proportion, both opting for the Proposition with 75.4% of the vote.
[34]
In the
2021 California gubernatorial recall election
, Modoc and neighboring
Lassen County
voted most strongly in favor of recalling Newsom of any counties in the state.
On September 24, 2013, the Modoc County Board of Supervisors voted 4?0 in favor of
secession
from California to form a proposed state named
Jefferson
.
[35]
Voter registration
[
edit
]
Population and registered voters
|
Total population
[15]
|
9,587
|
Registered voters
[36]
[note 3]
|
5,273
|
55.0%
|
Democratic
[36]
|
1,364
|
25.9%
|
Republican
[36]
|
2,634
|
50.0%
|
Democratic–Republican spread
[36]
|
-1,270
|
-24.1%
|
Independent
[36]
|
262
|
5.0%
|
Green
[36]
|
21
|
0.4%
|
Libertarian
[36]
|
45
|
0.9%
|
Peace and Freedom
[36]
|
6
|
0.1%
|
Americans Elect
[36]
|
0
|
0.0%
|
Other
[36]
|
10
|
0.2%
|
No party preference
[36]
|
931
|
17.7%
|
Cities by population and voter registration
[
edit
]
Cities by population and voter registration
|
City
|
Population
[15]
|
Registered voters
[36]
[note 3]
|
Democratic
[36]
|
Republican
[36]
|
D–R spread
[36]
|
Other
[36]
|
No party preference
[36]
|
Alturas
|
2,813
|
54.7%
|
31.0%
|
42.4%
|
-11.4%
|
12.9%
|
19.5%
|
Historical election results
[
edit
]
United States presidential election results for Modoc County, California
[37]
Year
|
Republican
|
Democratic
|
Third party
|
No.
|
%
|
No.
|
%
|
No.
|
%
|
2020
|
3,109
|
71.19%
|
1,150
|
26.33%
|
108
|
2.47%
|
2016
|
2,696
|
70.15%
|
877
|
22.82%
|
270
|
7.03%
|
2012
|
2,777
|
69.10%
|
1,111
|
27.64%
|
131
|
3.26%
|
2008
|
2,981
|
67.44%
|
1,313
|
29.71%
|
126
|
2.85%
|
2004
|
3,235
|
72.42%
|
1,149
|
25.72%
|
83
|
1.86%
|
2000
|
2,969
|
72.29%
|
945
|
23.01%
|
193
|
4.70%
|
1996
|
2,285
|
53.10%
|
1,368
|
31.79%
|
650
|
15.11%
|
1992
|
1,803
|
38.98%
|
1,489
|
32.19%
|
1,333
|
28.82%
|
1988
|
2,518
|
62.68%
|
1,416
|
35.25%
|
83
|
2.07%
|
1984
|
2,995
|
69.49%
|
1,219
|
28.28%
|
96
|
2.23%
|
1980
|
2,579
|
64.47%
|
1,046
|
26.15%
|
375
|
9.38%
|
1976
|
1,917
|
51.20%
|
1,733
|
46.29%
|
94
|
2.51%
|
1972
|
2,085
|
58.49%
|
1,271
|
35.65%
|
209
|
5.86%
|
1968
|
1,713
|
52.43%
|
1,264
|
38.69%
|
290
|
8.88%
|
1964
|
1,386
|
41.27%
|
1,972
|
58.73%
|
0
|
0.00%
|
1960
|
1,839
|
51.80%
|
1,691
|
47.63%
|
20
|
0.56%
|
1956
|
1,981
|
53.21%
|
1,729
|
46.44%
|
13
|
0.35%
|
1952
|
2,634
|
61.36%
|
1,633
|
38.04%
|
26
|
0.61%
|
1948
|
1,480
|
46.54%
|
1,607
|
50.53%
|
93
|
2.92%
|
1944
|
1,288
|
45.40%
|
1,540
|
54.28%
|
9
|
0.32%
|
1940
|
1,371
|
37.77%
|
2,232
|
61.49%
|
27
|
0.74%
|
1936
|
968
|
34.19%
|
1,828
|
64.57%
|
35
|
1.24%
|
1932
|
655
|
27.45%
|
1,643
|
68.86%
|
88
|
3.69%
|
1928
|
942
|
56.75%
|
711
|
42.83%
|
7
|
0.42%
|
1924
|
731
|
43.72%
|
374
|
22.37%
|
567
|
33.91%
|
1920
|
992
|
62.59%
|
535
|
33.75%
|
58
|
3.66%
|
1916
|
768
|
36.61%
|
1,222
|
58.25%
|
108
|
5.15%
|
1912
|
1
|
0.06%
|
941
|
54.90%
|
772
|
45.04%
|
1908
|
620
|
49.92%
|
574
|
46.22%
|
48
|
3.86%
|
1904
|
559
|
53.91%
|
444
|
42.82%
|
34
|
3.28%
|
1900
|
446
|
44.78%
|
532
|
53.41%
|
18
|
1.81%
|
1896
|
300
|
33.00%
|
588
|
64.69%
|
21
|
2.31%
|
1892
|
406
|
35.46%
|
596
|
52.05%
|
143
|
12.49%
|
Crime
[
edit
]
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense:
Population and crime rates
|
Population
[15]
|
9,587
|
Violent crime
[38]
|
10
|
1.04
|
Homicide
[38]
|
0
|
0.00
|
Forcible rape
[38]
|
1
|
0.10
|
Robbery
[38]
|
0
|
0.00
|
Aggravated assault
[38]
|
9
|
0.94
|
Property crime
[38]
|
76
|
7.93
|
Burglary
[38]
|
44
|
4.59
|
Larceny-theft
[38]
[39]
|
69
|
7.20
|
Motor vehicle theft
[38]
|
7
|
0.73
|
Arson
[38]
|
1
|
0.10
|
Cities by population and crime rates
[
edit
]
Cities by population and crime rates
|
City
|
Population
[40]
|
Violent crimes
[40]
|
Violent crime rate
per 1,000 persons
|
Property crimes
[40]
|
Property crime rate
per 1,000 persons
|
Alturas
|
2,802
|
36
|
12.85
|
62
|
22.13
|
Transportation
[
edit
]
Major highways
[
edit
]
Additionally, the eastern Modoc County communities of
Eagleville
,
Cedarville
,
Lake City
, and
Fort Bidwell
are connected via Surprise Valley Road, which runs from the southern county line to the Oregon border.
Public transportation
[
edit
]
The
Sage Stage
is a dial-a-ride service providing trips within Modoc County. It has also provides service to
Klamath Falls, Oregon
and
Reno, Nevada
, as well as connections to/from
Reno International Airport
, outside of Door D.
[41]
Airports
[
edit
]
There are general aviation airports near Alturas (
Alturas Municipal Airport
and
California Pines Airport
). Other airports include
Cedarville Airport
,
Eagleville Airport
,
Fort Bidwell Airport
, and
Tulelake Municipal Airport
. The closest major airport is in
Reno
.
Communities
[
edit
]
City
[
edit
]
Census-designated places
[
edit
]
Other unincorporated places
[
edit
]
Population ranking
[
edit
]
The population ranking of the following table is based on the
2020 census
of Modoc County.
†
county seat
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Other = Some other race + Two or more races
- ^
Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
- ^
a
b
Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Welcome To New Webgen"
.
www.co.modoc.ca.us
.
- ^
a
b
"State & County QuickFacts"
. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
the original
on July 28, 2011
. Retrieved
April 4,
2016
.
- ^
"Find a County"
. National Association of Counties
. Retrieved
June 7,
2011
.
- ^
a
b
c
La Ganga, Maria L. (January 13, 2006).
"Housing Bargains, at a Price"
.
Los Angeles Times
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Mildred Brooke Hoover; Douglas E. Kyle (2002).
Historic Spots in California
. Stanford University Press.
ISBN
978-0-8047-7817-6
. Retrieved
September 27,
2013
.
- ^
a
b
c
Pease, Robert W. (1965).
Modoc County; University of California Publications in Geography, Volume 17
. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
ISBN
9780608141589
.
- ^
"Reprinted from a previous issue..."
Nataqua News
. Thumbs Up Publishing. 1997
. Retrieved
April 5,
2010
.
- ^
a
b
"Modoc County History"
.
Alturas Chamber of Commerce
. Modoc County Government. 2009. Archived from
the original
on June 17, 2009
. Retrieved
July 21,
2009
.
- ^
"Modoc Wars, 1873-74"
.
California State Military Museum
. 2009
. Retrieved
July 21,
2009
.
- ^
Durham, David L. (1998).
California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State
. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 351.
ISBN
1-884995-14-4
.
- ^
Gudde, Erwin; William Bright (2004).
California Place Names
(Fourth ed.). University of California Press. p. 10.
ISBN
0-520-24217-3
.
- ^
"2010 Census Gazetteer Files"
. United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012
. Retrieved
September 28,
2015
.
- ^
C. Michael Hogan,
Quercus kelloggii
Archived
February 13, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine
, Globaltwitcher, 2008
- ^
Michael G. Barbour; William Dwight Billings (2000).
North American Terrestrial Vegetation
. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-0-521-55986-7
. Retrieved
September 27,
2013
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
- ^
a
b
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
- ^
a
b
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
- ^
a
b
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
- ^
a
b
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
- ^
a
b
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
- ^
U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003.
U.S. Census website
. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Data unavailable
- ^
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023"
. United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
March 26,
2024
.
- ^
"U.S. Decennial Census"
. United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
September 28,
2015
.
- ^
"Historical Census Browser"
. University of Virginia Library
. Retrieved
September 28,
2015
.
- ^
Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995).
"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990"
. United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
September 28,
2015
.
- ^
"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000"
(PDF)
. United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001
. Retrieved
September 28,
2015
.
- ^
"U.S. Census website"
.
United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
May 14,
2011
.
- ^
"2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data"
.
United States Census Bureau
.
- ^
"California's 1st Congressional District - Representatives & District Map"
. Civic Impulse, LLC
. Retrieved
March 1,
2013
.
- ^
"Senators"
. State of California
. Retrieved
March 10,
2013
.
- ^
"Members Assembly"
. State of California
. Retrieved
March 2,
2013
.
- ^
Stall, Bill (August 19, 1991).
"As Modoc County Goes, So Goes California"
.
Los Angeles Times
. Retrieved
September 17,
2021
.
- ^
"California results"
.
Los Angeles Times
.
- ^
Butler, Kristen.
"Another county votes to secede from California"
. UPI
. Retrieved
September 26,
2013
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
California Secretary of State.
February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration
Archived
July 27, 2013, at the
Wayback Machine
. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^
Leip, David.
"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections"
.
uselectionatlas.org
. Retrieved
August 31,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California.
Table 11: Crimes – 2009
Archived
December 2, 2013, at the
Wayback Machine
. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- ^
Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
- ^
a
b
c
United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California)
. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- ^
"Sage Stage"
. Retrieved
April 30,
2017
.
- ^
Staff, Website Services & Coordination.
"U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Census"
.
www.census.gov
.
- ^
Staff, Website Services & Coordination.
"U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Census"
.
www.census.gov
.
- ^
Staff, Website Services & Coordination.
"U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Census"
.
www.census.gov
.
- ^
Staff, Website Services & Coordination.
"U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Census"
.
www.census.gov
.
- ^
Staff, Website Services & Coordination.
"U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Census"
.
www.census.gov
.
- ^
Staff, Website Services & Coordination.
"U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Census"
.
www.census.gov
.
External links
[
edit
]
Places adjacent to Modoc County, California
|
---|
|
41°36′N
120°43′W
/
41.60°N 120.72°W
/
41.60; -120.72
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|