Government ministry in Spain
Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports
|
|
Headquarters of the Ministry of Education
|
|
Formed
| March 31, 1900
; 124 years ago
(
1900-03-31
)
(as Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts)
November 22, 2023 (as Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports)
|
---|
Preceding agency
| |
---|
Type
| Ministry
|
---|
Jurisdiction
| Government of Spain
|
---|
Headquarters
| 36,
Alcala Street
Madrid
,
Spain
|
---|
Employees
| 8,532 (2019)
[note 1]
[1]
|
---|
Annual budget
| €
6.4 billion, 2023
[2]
|
---|
Minister responsible
| |
---|
Agency executives
| - Alejandro Tiana,
Secretary of State
- Clara Sanz Lopez, Secretary-General
- Fernando Gurrea Casamayor, Under-Secretary
|
---|
Child agencies
| - State School Council
- Superior Council of Artistic Teaching
- State Observatory for School Coexistence
|
---|
Website
| Ministry of Education (in Spanish)
|
---|
The
Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports
(
MEFPD
) is the
department
of the
Government of Spain
responsible for proposing and carrying out the government policy on
education
and
vocational training
, including all the teachings of the
education system
except
university
education, without prejudice to the competences of the
National Sports Council
in matters of sports education. Likewise, it is also the responsibility of this Department the promotion of cooperation actions and, in coordination with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
, the promotion of international relations in the field of non-university education.
[3]
The
Education in Spain
is established as a decentralized system in which the
regions
have powers over the
basic
and
secondary education
while the central government establishes the general basis of the system and it is responsible for the
tertiary education
.
[4]
Currently, the Education Ministry has no authority over universities because it is the responsibility of the
Ministry of Universities
. As of 2018, there are more than 550,000 school teachers and more than 7,000 university professors.
[1]
The MEFP is headed by the Minister of Education, who is appointed by the
King of Spain
at request of the
Prime Minister
. The Minister is assisted by the
Secretary of State for Education
, the Secretary-General for Vocational Training (with the rank of Under-Secretary) and the Under-Secretary of the Ministry. In addition, in order to coordinate the education system it exists the Sectoral Conference on Education that is composed by the Education Minister and the Regional Ministers of Education.
[5]
Since July 2021 the current minister is
Pilar Alegria
, from the
Spanish Socialist Workers Party
.
[6]
History
[
edit
]
Early period
[
edit
]
The Ministry of Education was created during the
regency of Maria Christina of Austria
by 1900 Budget Act.
[7]
However, the government policy on education appeared time before. Section 369 of the
Constitution of 1812
created the Directorate-General for Studies for the Inspection of Public Teaching.
[8]
Thirteen years later the Directorate-General for Studies acquired the name of Inspectorate-General for Public Instruction and, in 1834 it recovers its original denomination. The Royal Decree of May 13, 1846, change its name to Directorate-General for Public Instruction.
It depended on many departments, going through the
Secretariat of the Dispatch of Grace and Justice
under the reign of
Ferdinand VII
; the
Secretariat of the Dispatch of Development
(later called of the Interior) in 1832 with powers on public instruction, universities, economic societies, schools, Royal Academies, Primary Schools and Conservatories of Art and music; the
Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Governance of the Realm
in 1835 and Secretariat of the Dispatch of Commerce, Instruction and Public Works in 1847.
Since 1855, these responsibilities returned to the
Ministry of Development
and stayed that way until 1900. During this 45 years, the Directorate-General for Public Instruction assumed powers on Culture and it was divided in offices: universities; high schools; basic schools; archives, libraries and museums; fine arts and development; Accounting and the Intellectual and Industrial Property Bulletin.
[7]
Late period
[
edit
]
In 1900, the Ministry of Development split into two ministries, being one of them the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts. This ministry, that would maintain its denomination until the
Civil War
, it was driven by prime minister
Francisco Silvela
who appointed Antonio Garcia Alix as the first Education Minister. PM Silvela had assumed the office a year before and after the
disaster of the 1898
, it was needed a cut of the
government expenditure
.
In order to comply with this, in April Silvela reshuffled the
Cabinet
suppressing the
Ministry of Overseas
[9]
?which lost the sense of its existence after the loss of the last colonies? and the Ministry of Development, creating in its place the Ministry of Public Instruction and
of Agriculture
.
With the premiership of the
Count of Romanones
it would begin to shape a model of Ministry with timid regenerationist airs.
[10]
Initially, it had four sections: Universities and Institutes; First Teaching and Normal Schools; Fine arts; and Civil Constructions and Special Schools, whose work consisted in the promotion of public and private education in its different classes and degrees, the promotion of science and letters, Fine Arts, Archives, Libraries and Museums. It was also part of the ministry the Directorate-General for the Geographical and Statistical Institute.
[11]
Throughout those years, the Department widened its structure, with the creation of the Directorate-General for Primary Education (1911) and the Directorate-General for Fine Arts (1915). It was also at this time that the current headquarters were built on
Alcala Street
36 in
Madrid
.
In
Second Republic
, the Department assumed the competence on
Vocational Training
(until then dependent of
Labour
) and the Directorate-General for Technical and Superior Education is created. Briefly, between May 1937 and March 1939, the ministry merged with the
Ministry of Health
.
[12]
After the victory of
Franco
, the
Franco regime
change its name to Ministry of National Education and the Department assumed the management of the
Spanish
and
Maria Guerrero
theaters, through the so-called National Council of Theaters, which in 1951 was ceded to the newly created
Ministry of Information and Tourism
.
During this period, the
Spanish National Research Council
was also created within the Ministry. Through Law 35/1966, of May 31, the Department changed its name to Ministry of Education and Science, which would last three decades. According to statements by the education minister Manuel Lora-Tamayo, it was intended, following recommendations of the
Council of Europe
and the
OECD
, to enhance the scientific and research work of the Spanish Administration and put it in direct relation with the
tertiary education
. An Undersecretariat for Higher Education and Research was also created.
Democracy
[
edit
]
During the reign of
Juan Carlos I
, the
Spanish transition to democracy
started and started the specialization of the
Administration
by creating new ministries for specific work areas. In this sense, in 1977 the
Ministry of Culture
was created assuming the Directorate-General for Artistic and Cultural Heritage. In 1979 it was created the
Ministry of Universities and Research
assuming those functions but was suppressed in 1981. In 1990, the
National Sports Council
was integrated in the Ministry.
After 1996, both Education and Culture merge again and it was created the Secretariats of State for Universities, Research and Development and for Culture, as well as the General Secretariat for Education and Vocational Training. However, under the second term of
Jose Maria Aznar
(2000?2004), Education loses the research competences for the benefit of the new
Ministry of Science and Innovation
.
In 2004, the new government of
Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero
recovered the classic name of the Ministry of Education and Science. Again, Culture acquires ministerial rank and Science and Research return to Education. Only for four years, because in 2008 the Ministry of Science and Innovation was created assuming the responsibilities on University Education and Science. In return, the Ministry of Education is assigned the competence on Social Policy. This situation is maintained for one year: In 2009 the functions on tertiary education are returned to Education and the Social Policy goes to
Health
.
In the first government of
Mariano Rajoy
, since December 22, 2011, the Ministry of Education is merged again with Culture in the new Department of Education, Culture and Sport.
[13]
After the
motion of no confidence against Rajoy
of 2018 and the formation of the new government of
Pedro Sanchez
in June 2018, the Ministry again broke away from Culture and also loses competences on universities, in favor of the
Ministry of Science
. It is now called the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, MEFP.
[3]
In 2020, some responsibilities of the Ministry of Labour on vocational training in the labour market were transferred to the MEFP itself was boosted by promoting the Directorate-General for Training to General Secretariat.
Structure
[
edit
]
The current structure of the Department of Education is:
[14]
- The
Secretariat of State for Education
.
- The Directorate-General for Evaluation and Territorial Cooperation
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Academic Organization
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Territorial Cooperation and Educational Innovation
- The National Institute for Educational Evaluation
- The National Institute for Educational Technologies and Teacher Training
- The Directorate-General for Educational Planning and Management
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Scholarships, Study Aid and Educational Promotion
- The Foreign Education Unit
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Centers and Programs
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Education Inspection
- The
General Secretariat for Vocational Training
- The Directorate-General for Planning, Innovation and Management of Vocational Training
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Programs and Management
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Centers and Entrepreneurship
- The Center for Innovation and High-Performance Technique on Vocational Training
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Vocational Training Organization
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Orientation and Lifelong Learning
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Evaluation and Quality
- The
National Sports Council
(CSD)
- The Directorate-General for Sports.
- The Deputy Directorate-General for High Competition
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Sports Promotion and Innovation
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Women and Sport
- The Deputy Directorate-General for the Sport Legal Regime
- The General Secretariat
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Sport Sciences
- The President's Cabinet
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Professional Sport and Financial Control
- The Press Office
- The
Spanish Anti-Doping Agency
- The
Undersecretariat of Education, Vocational Training and Sports
- The Technical General Secretariat
- The Deputy Technical General Secretariat
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Appeals and Court Relations
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Statistics and Studies
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Citizen Services, Documentation and Publications
- The Budget Office
- The Administrative Office
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Personnel
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Information and Communications Technologies
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Economic Management and the European Social Fund
- The Inspectorate-General of Services
List of Ministers
[
edit
]
Regency of Maria Cristina for Alfonso XIII (1885-1902)
[
edit
]
Took office
|
Left office
|
Name
|
Party
|
May 17, 1902
|
December 6, 1902
|
Alvaro de Figueroa y Torres
(1)
|
Liberal
|
December 6, 1902
|
July 20, 1903
|
Manuel Allendesalazar y Munoz
(1)
|
Conservador
|
July 20, 1903
|
December 5, 1903
|
Gabino Bugallal Araujo
(1)
|
Liberal
|
December 5, 1903
|
December 16, 1904
|
Lorenzo Dominguez Pascual
(1)
|
Conservador
|
December 16, 1904
|
June 23, 1905
|
Juan de la Cierva y Penafiel
(1)
|
|
June 23, 1905
|
October 31, 1905
|
Andres Mellado y Fernandez
(1)
|
Liberal
|
October 31, 1905
|
December 1, 1905
|
Manuel de Eguilior y Llaguno
(1)
|
Liberal
|
December 1, 1905
|
June 9, 1906
|
Vicente Santamaria de Paredes
(1)
|
Liberal
|
June 9, 1906
|
July 6, 1906
|
Alejandro San Martin y Satrustegui
(1)
|
Liberal
|
July 6, 1906
|
November 30, 1906
|
Amalio Gimeno y Cabanas
(1)
|
|
November 30, 1906
|
December 4, 1906
|
Pedro Rodriguez de la Borbolla
(1)
|
|
December 4, 1906
|
January 25, 1907
|
Amalio Gimeno y Cabanas
(1)
|
|
January 25, 1907
|
October 21, 1909
|
Faustino Rodriguez San Pedro
(1)
|
|
October 21, 1909
|
February 9, 1910
|
Antonio Barroso Castillo
(1)
|
Liberal
|
February 9, 1910
|
June 9, 1910
|
Alvaro de Figueroa y Torres
(1)
|
|
June 9, 1910
|
January 2, 1911
|
Julio Burell y Cuellar
(1)
|
Liberal
|
January 2, 1911
|
April 3, 1911
|
Amos Salvador Rodriganez
(1)
|
|
April 3, 1911
|
March 12, 1912
|
Amalio Gimeno y Cabanas
(1)
|
|
March 12, 1912
|
December 31, 1912
|
Santiago Alba Bonifaz
(1)
|
|
December 31, 1912
|
June 13, 1913
|
Antonio Lopez Munoz
(1)
|
|
June 13, 1913
|
October 27, 1913
|
Joaquin Ruiz Jimenez
(1)
|
Liberal
|
October 27, 1913
|
December 11, 1914
|
Francisco Bergamin Garcia
(1)
|
|
January 4, 1915
|
October 25, 1915
|
Saturnino Esteban Miguel y Collantes
(1)
|
|
October 25, 1915
|
December 9, 1915
|
Rafael Andrade Navarrete
(1)
|
|
December 9, 1915
|
April 20, 1917
|
Julio Burell y Cuellar
(1)
|
Liberal
|
April 20, 1917
|
June 11, 1917
|
Jose Francos Rodriguez
(1)
|
|
June 11, 1917
|
November 3, 1917
|
Rafael Andrade Navarrete
(1)
|
|
November 3, 1917
|
March 2, 1918
|
Felipe Rodes Baldrich
(1)
|
|
March 2, 1918
|
March 21, 1918
|
Luis Silvela Casado
(1)
|
|
March 23, 1918
|
October 10, 1918
|
Santiago Alba Bonifaz
(1)
|
|
October 10, 1918
|
November 9, 1918
|
Alvaro de Figueroa y Torres
(1)
|
|
November 9, 1918
|
December 5, 1918
|
Julio Burell y Cuellar
(1)
|
Liberal
|
December 5, 1918
|
April 15, 1919
|
Joaquin Salvatella Gisbert
(1)
|
|
April 15, 1919
|
July 19, 1919
|
Cesar Silio y Cortes
(1)
|
|
July 19, 1919
|
December 12, 1919
|
Jose del Prado Palacio
(1)
|
Conservador
|
December 12, 1919
|
May 5, 1920
|
Natalio Rivas Santiago
(1)
|
|
May 5, 1920
|
September 1, 1920
|
Luis Espada Guntin
(1)
|
|
September 1, 1920
|
December 29, 1920
|
Vicente Cabeza de Vaca
(1)
|
|
December 29, 1920
|
March 12, 1921
|
Tomas Montejo y Rica
(1)
|
|
March 12, 1921
|
August 13, 1921
|
Francisco Aparicio y Ruiz
(1)
|
|
August 14, 1921
|
April 1, 1922
|
Cesar Silio y Cortes
(1)
|
|
April 1, 1922
|
November 8, 1922
|
Tomas Montejo y Rica
(1)
|
|
November 8, 1922
|
December 5, 1922
|
Cesar Silio y Cortes
(1)
|
|
Took office
|
Left office
|
Name
|
Party
|
April 14, 1931
|
December 16, 1931
|
Marcelino Domingo Sanjuan
(1)
|
PRRS
|
December 16, 1931
|
June 12, 1933
|
Fernando de los Rios Urruti
(1)
|
PSOE
|
June 12, 1933
|
September 12, 1933
|
Francisco Barnes Salinas
(1)
|
PRRS
|
September 12, 1933
|
December 16, 1933
|
Domingo Barnes Salinas
(1)
|
Indep.
|
December 16, 1933
|
March 3, 1934
|
Jose Pareja Yebenes
(1)
|
PRR
|
March 3, 1934
|
April 28, 1934
|
Salvador de Madariaga Rojo
(1)
|
Indep.
|
April 28, 1934
|
December 29, 1934
|
Filiberto Villalobos Gonzalez
(1)
|
PLD
|
December 29, 1934
|
April 3, 1935
|
Joaquin Dualde Gomez
(1)
|
PLD
|
April 3, 1935
|
May 6, 1935
|
Ramon Prieto Bances
(1)
|
Indep.
|
May 6, 1935
|
September 25, 1935
|
Joaquin Dualde Gomez
(1)
|
PLD
|
September 25, 1935
|
October 29, 1935
|
Juan Jose Rocha Garcia
(1)
|
PRR
|
October 29, 1935
|
December 14, 1935
|
Luis Bardaji Lopez
(1)
|
PRR
|
December 14, 1935
|
December 30, 1935
|
Manuel Becerra Fernandez
(1)
|
PRR
|
December 30, 1935
|
February 19, 1936
|
Filiberto Villalobos Gonzalez
(1)
|
PCNR
|
February 19, 1936
|
May 13, 1936
|
Marcelino Domingo Sanjuan
(1)
|
IR
|
May 13, 1936
|
July 19, 1936
|
Francisco Barnes Salinas
(1)
|
IR
|
July 19, 1936
|
July 19, 1936
|
Marcelino Domingo Sanjuan
(1)
|
IR
|
July 19, 1936
|
September 4, 1936
|
Francisco Barnes Salinas
(1)
|
IR
|
September 4, 1936
|
May 17, 1937
|
Jesus Hernandez Tomas
(1)
|
PCE
|
May 17, 1937
|
April 5, 1938
|
Jesus Hernandez Tomas
(2)
|
PCE
|
April 5, 1938
|
April 1, 1939
|
Segundo Blanco Gonzalez
(2)
|
CNT
|
Took office
|
Left office
|
Name
|
Party
|
October 3, 1936
|
January 30, 1938
|
Jose Maria Peman Pemartin
(3)
|
|
January 30, 1938
|
August 9, 1939
|
Pedro Sainz Rodriguez
(4)
|
|
August 9, 1939
|
July 18, 1951
|
Jose Ibanez Martin
(4)
|
|
July 18, 1951
|
February 16, 1956
|
Joaquin Ruiz-Gimenez Cortes
(4)
|
|
February 16, 1956
|
July 10, 1962
|
Jesus Rubio Garcia-Mina
(4)
|
|
July 10, 1962
|
April 18, 1968
|
Manuel Lora-Tamayo Martin
(4)
|
|
April 18, 1968
|
June 9, 1973
|
Jose Luis Villar Palasi
(6)
|
|
June 9, 1973
|
January 3, 1974
|
Julio Rodriguez Martinez
(5)
|
|
January 3, 1974
|
December 12, 1975
|
Cruz Martinez Esteruelas
(5)
|
|
Took office
|
Left office
|
Name
|
Party
|
Cabinet
|
December 12, 1975
|
July 5, 1976
|
|
Carlos Robles Piquer
(5)
|
|
|
July 5, 1976
|
July 4, 1977
|
|
Aurelio Menendez Menendez
(4)
|
|
|
July 4, 1977
|
February 25, 1978
|
|
Inigo Cavero Lataillade
(4)
|
|
UCD
|
Cst.
(
Suarez
)
|
February 25, 1978
|
April 6, 1979
|
Inigo Cavero Lataillade
(5)
|
UCD
|
April 6, 1979
|
September 9, 1980
|
|
Jose Manuel Otero Novas
(5)
|
|
UCD
|
I
(
Suarez
)
|
September 9, 1980
|
February 26, 1981
|
|
Juan Antonio Ortega
(5)
|
|
UCD
|
February 26, 1981
|
December 2, 1981
|
Juan Antonio Ortega
(6)
|
UCD
|
I
(
Calvo-Sotelo
)
|
December 2, 1981
|
December 2, 1982
|
|
Federico Mayor Zaragoza
(5)
|
|
UCD
|
December 3, 1982
|
July 12, 1988
|
|
Jose Maria Maravall
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
II ? III ? IV
(
Gonzalez
)
|
July 12, 1988
|
June 24, 1992
|
|
Javier Solana Madariaga
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
June 24, 1992
|
July 12, 1993
|
|
Alfredo Perez Rubalcaba
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
July 13, 1993
|
July 3, 1995
|
|
Gustavo Suarez Pertierra
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
V
(
Gonzalez
)
|
July 3, 1995
|
May 5, 1996
|
|
Jeronimo Saavedra
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
May 6, 1996
|
January 20, 1999
|
|
Esperanza Aguirre
(7)
|
|
PP
|
VI
(
Aznar
)
|
January 20, 1999
|
April 27, 2000
|
|
Mariano Rajoy Brey
(7)
|
|
PP
|
April 28, 2000
|
April 17, 2004
|
|
Pilar del Castillo
(8)
|
|
PP
|
VII
(
Aznar
)
|
April 18, 2004
|
April 7, 2006
|
|
Maria Jesus San Segundo
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
VIII
(
Zapatero
)
|
April 7, 2006
|
April 13, 2008
|
|
Mercedes Cabrera
(5)
|
|
PSOE
|
April 14, 2008
|
April 7, 2009
|
Mercedes Cabrera
(9)
|
PSOE
|
IX
(
Zapatero
)
|
April 7, 2009
|
December 22, 2011
|
|
Angel Gabilondo Pujol
(4)
|
|
Indep.
|
December 22, 2011
|
June 26, 2015
|
|
Jose Ignacio Wert
(8)
|
|
Indep.
|
X
?
XI
?
XII
(
Rajoy
)
|
Since the reign of
Alfonso XIII
, the current Ministry of Education has successively been known by the following titles:
- Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts (1900?1937) (1).
- Ministry of Public Instruction and Health (1937?1939) (2).
- Commission of Culture and Education of the Technical Board of the State (1936?1938) (3).
- Ministry of Education (1938?1968, 1976?1978, 2009?2011) (4).
- Ministry of Education and Science (1973?1976, 1978?1981, 1981?1996, 2004?2008) (5).
- Ministry of Education and University (1968?1973, 1981) (6).
- Ministry of Education and Culture (1996?2000) (7).
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (2000?2004, 2011?2018) (8).
- Ministry of Education, Social policy and Sport (2008?2009) (9).
- Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (2018?2023) (10).
- Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports
(2023?) (11).
See also
[
edit
]
Notes and references
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Ministry of Territorial Policy and Civil Service
(2019).
Statistical Bulletin of the personnel at the service of the Public Administrations
(PDF)
. pp. 32 and 48.
- ^
"2023 State Budget"
(PDF)
.
www.boe.es
. January 1, 2023
. Retrieved
January 8,
2023
.
- ^
a
b
"Royal Decree 1045/2018, of August 24, by which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training is developed"
.
boe.es
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
"Education in Spain"
.
Expatica
. Retrieved
June 27,
2022
.
- ^
"Composicion y funcionamiento"
.
www.educacionyfp.gob.es
(in Spanish)
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
Vera, Joaquin (June 8, 2018).
"Los cinco retos de Isabel Celaa, la nueva ministra de Educacion y FP"
.
El Espanol
(in Spanish)
. Retrieved
April 5,
2019
.
- ^
a
b
"Instituto de Formacion del Profesorado, Investigacion e Innovacion Educativa (IFIIE) - Gobierno de Espana - Ministerio de Educacion"
. November 8, 2011. Archived from
the original
on November 8, 2011
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
"Instituto de Formacion del Profesorado, Investigacion e Innovacion Educativa (IFIIE) - Gobierno de Espana - Ministerio de Educacion"
. November 8, 2011. Archived from
the original
on November 8, 2011
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
"Corporate Body - Ministerio de Ultramar (Espana)"
.
PARES
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
Cien anos de educacion en Espana: en torno a la creacion del Ministerio de Instruccion Publica y Bellas Artes
. Fundacion
BBVA
and MECyD. 2001. pp. 183?195.
ISBN
8436934296
.
- ^
"Instituto de Formacion del Profesorado, Investigacion e Innovacion Educativa (IFIIE) - Gobierno de Espana - Ministerio de Educacion"
. November 8, 2011. Archived from
the original
on November 8, 2011
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
"Corporate Body - Ministerio de Instruccion Publica y Sanidad (Espana)"
.
PARES
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
"Royal Decree 1823/2011, of December 21, by which the ministerial departments are restructured"
.
www.boe.es
. Retrieved
April 22,
2019
.
- ^
"Royal Decree 274/2024, of March 19, which develops the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Education, Vocational Training and Sports"
.
www.boe.es
. pp. 32396?32415
. Retrieved
March 23,
2024
.
- ^
Spain has 553,014 school and high school teachers although they depend from the regional educational administrations. The university employees and professors are 156,042
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