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Mescalero-Chiricahua language - Wikipedia Jump to content

Mescalero-Chiricahua language

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Chiricahua
Ndee bizaa
Native to Mexico and USA
Region Sonora , Chihuahua , Oklahoma , New Mexico
Ethnicity Chiricahua , Mescalero
Native speakers
1,500 (2007) [1]
Dene?Yeniseian ?
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Regulated by Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indigenas
Language codes
ISO 639-3 apm
Glottolog mesc1238
ELP Mescalero-Chiricahua
Mescalero-Chiricahua is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA .

Mescalero-Chiricahua (also known as Chiricahua Apache ) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Chiricahua and Mescalero people in Chihuahua and Sonora , Mexico and in Oklahoma and New Mexico . [2] It is related to Navajo and Western Apache and has been described in great detail by the anthropological linguist Harry Hoijer (1904?1976), especially in Hoijer & Opler (1938) and Hoijer (1946). Hoijer & Opler's Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts , including a grammatical sketch and traditional religious and secular stories, has been converted into an online "book" available from the University of Virginia.

Virginia Klinekole , the first female president of the Mescalero Apache Tribe, was known for her efforts to preserve the language. [3]

There is at least one language-immersion school for children in Mescalero. [4]

Phonology [ edit ]

Consonants [ edit ]

Chiricahua has 31 consonants :

Bilabial Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
plain sibilant lateral
Nasal simple m n
post-stopped ( m? ) n?
Plosive plain p t ts t? ~ t? t? k ?
aspirated t? ts? t?? t?? k?
ejective t? ts? t?? t?? k?
Fricative voiceless s ? ? x h
voiced z ? ? ? ?

Vowels [ edit ]

Chiricahua has 16 vowels :

Front Central Back
short long short long short long
High oral i iː
nasal ? ?ː
Mid oral ? ?ː o oː
nasal ?? ??ː o oː
Low oral a aː
nasal a aː

Chiricahua has phonemic oral, nasal , short, and long vowels.

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Chiricahua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Historia de la lengua y cultura n'dee/n'nee/nde" .
  3. ^ "Former tribal leader dies : Past Mescalero president, council member, writer remembered" . Alamogordo Daily News . 2011-03-15. Archived from the original on 2014-05-25 . Retrieved 2013-03-26 .
  4. ^ "Udall visits Mescalero Apache Schools to talk language preservation - Alamogordo Daily News" . Archived from the original on 2014-05-25 . Retrieved 2015-08-16 .

Sources [ edit ]

  • Hoijer, Harry . (n.d.). Chiricahua Apache stems. (Unpublished manuscript).
  • Hoijer, Harry (1938). "The southern Athapaskan languages". American Anthropologist . 40 (1): 75?87. doi : 10.1525/aa.1938.40.1.02a00080 .
  • Hoijer, Harry (1939). "Chiricahua loan-words from Spanish". Language . 15 (2): 110?115. doi : 10.2307/408729 . JSTOR   408729 .
  • Hoijer, Harry (1945). "Classificatory verb stems in the Apachean languages". International Journal of American Linguistics . 11 (1): 13?23. doi : 10.1086/463846 .
  • Hoijer, Harry (1945). "The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes". International Journal of American Linguistics . 11 (4): 193?203. doi : 10.1086/463871 .
  • Hoijer, Harry (1946). "The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense". International Journal of American Linguistics . 12 (1): 1?13. doi : 10.1086/463881 .
  • Hoijer, Harry (1946). "The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers". International Journal of American Linguistics . 12 (2): 51?59. doi : 10.1086/463889 .
  • Hoijer, Harry (1946). "Chiricahua Apache". In Osgood, C. (ed.). Linguistic structures in North America . New York: Wenner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research.
  • Hoijer, Harry; Opler, Morris E. (1980) [1938, University of Chicago Press; 1964, University of Chicago Press; 1970, University of Chicago Press]. Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts . New York: AMS Press. ISBN   0-404-15783-1 .
  • Opler, Morris E.; Hoijer, Harry (1940). "The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache". American Anthropologist . 42 (4): 617?634. doi : 10.1525/aa.1940.42.4.02a00070 .
  • Pinnow, Jurgen (1988). Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero [ The language of the Chiricahua Apache: With side glances at the Mescalero ] (in German). Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
  • Webster, Anthony K. (2006). "On Speaking to Him (Coyote): The Discourse Functions of the yi-/bi- Alternation in Some Chiricahua Apache Narratives". Southwest Journal of Linguistics . 25 (2): 143?160.
  • Young, Robert W. (1983). "Apachean languages". In Ortiz, A. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians . Vol. 10: Southwest. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 393?400. ISBN   0-16-004579-7 .

External links [ edit ]

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