Former sports stadium in Baltimore
Baltimore Memorial Stadium
|
Memorial Stadium in 2000
|
|
Address
| 900 East 33rd Street
|
---|
Location
| Baltimore, Maryland
|
---|
Coordinates
| 39°19′46″N
76°36′5″W
/
39.32944°N 76.60139°W
/
39.32944; -76.60139
|
---|
Owner
| City of Baltimore
|
---|
Operator
| Maryland Stadium Authority
|
---|
Capacity
| 31,000 (1950)
47,855 (1953)
53,371 (1991)
|
---|
Field size
| Left Field
? 309 ft
Left-Center
? 446 ft (1954), 378 ft (1990)
Center Field
? 445 ft (1954), 405 ft (1980)
Right-Center
? 446 ft (1954), 378 ft (1990)
Right Field
? 309 ft
|
---|
Surface
| Grass
|
---|
|
Broke ground
| 1921 (first version)
1949 (second version)
|
---|
Opened
| December 2, 1922 (first version)
April 20, 1950 (second version)
|
---|
Closed
| December 14, 1997
|
---|
Demolished
| April 2001?February 15, 2002
[1]
|
---|
Construction cost
| US$6.5 million
($82.3 million in 2023 dollars
[2]
)
|
---|
Architect
| Hall, Border, and Donaldson
[3]
|
---|
Structural engineer
| R. E. L. Williams (building construction), Faisant and Kooken (consulting)
[4]
|
---|
General contractor
| DeLucca-Davis & Carozza/Joseph F. Hughes
[5]
|
---|
|
- Baseball
Baltimore Orioles
(
IL
) mid-season 1944?1953
Baltimore Orioles
(
MLB
) 1954?1991
Bowie Baysox
(
EL
) 1993
- Football
Baltimore Colts
(
AAFC
/
NFL
) 1947?1950
Baltimore Colts
(NFL) 1953?1983
Baltimore Stallions
(
CFL
) 1994?1995
Baltimore Ravens
(NFL) 1996?1997
- Soccer
Baltimore Bays
(
NPSL
/
NASL
) 1967?1968
Baltimore Comets
(
NASL
) 1974?1975
|
Baltimore Memorial Stadium
was a
multi-purpose stadium
in
Baltimore
, Maryland, United States, that formerly stood on 33rd Street on an oversized block officially called
Venable Park
, a former city park from the 1920s. The site was bound by Ellerslie Avenue to the west, 36th Street to the north, and Ednor Road to the east.
Two stadiums were located here ? a 1922 version known primarily as
Baltimore Stadium
or
Municipal Stadium
; and a rebuilt, double-deck, multi-sport stadium, completed in mid-1954, and rechristened Baltimore Memorial Stadium ?
Memorial Stadium
for short.
History
[
edit
]
Memorial Stadium was launched as Municipal Stadium, also sometimes known as Baltimore Stadium or Venable Stadium. Designed by Pleasants Pennington and Albert W. Lewis, it was built in 1922 over a six-month period at the urging of the
Mayor
,
William F. Broening
in a previously undeveloped area just north beyond the city's iconic rows of rowhouses. The stadium was constructed in what was formerly
Venable Park
and was operated by the city's Board of Park Commissioners.
It was primarily a
football
stadium, a large horseshoe with an earthen-mound exterior and its open end with a large stone gateway of a
Greek
/
Roman
colonnade and porticoes on the open-faced south side facing the new 33rd Street boulevard/parkway which had just recently been cut through east to west. In this configuration, it seated anywhere from 70,000 to 80,000 people.
[6]
In its early years it hosted various public and private
high school
and
college-level
games, including the annual "Poly - City Game" on the regular Thanksgiving Day "double-header where the "Collegians" (later known as the "Black Knights" in reference to their iconic "Castle on the Hill") of
Baltimore City College
opposed its rival
Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
"Engineers" (since 1889), along with the
Roman Catholic
high schools' "Loyola - Calvert Hall" Game pitting the Cardinals of
Calvert Hall College
against
Loyola High School at Blakefield
's Dons.
Home games for the
University of Maryland at College Park
's Terrapins football and the
United States Naval Academy
Midshipmen were sometimes held at the stadium, attracting a national audience and media coverage.
Baseball park
[
edit
]
In July 1944, Municipal Stadium was pressed into service as a baseball park by the
Baltimore Orioles
of the
International League
, when their previous home, "
Oriole Park
," located in the
Abell
neighborhood to the southwest, was destroyed by fire.
The minor league Orioles went on to win the
International League
championship and the
Junior World Series
that year. The large post-season crowds in attendance at Municipal Stadium, which would not have been possible at Oriole Park, even surpassing the attendance of
Major League Baseball
's
1944 World Series
, caught the attention of professional team owners, and Baltimore suddenly became regarded as a viable option for teams looking to relocate.
[7]
Further momentum for sports in Baltimore was spurred when the failing
Miami Seahawks
franchise of the fledgling
All-America Football Conference
(AAFC) was relaunched in the fall of 1947 as the
Baltimore Colts
.
The presence of professional football and the prospect of professional baseball spurred the city to rebuild Municipal Stadium into a facility of "major league caliber." This reconstructed stadium was to be renamed Baltimore Memorial Stadium in honor of the thousands of the city's dead of the recently concluded World War II.
[8]
Baltimore
mayor
Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.
championed the new stadium project and overcame various legal and political hurdles which delayed progress on the project.
The initial plan called for a single, horseshoe-shaped deck to be built, with the open end facing north, and was designed to host
football
as well as
baseball
. It was engineered with enough strength to eventually support a second deck and a roof.
The lower deck reconstruction began in the spring/early summer of 1949 and was done in stages, first at the previously open south end of the stadium, and slowly obliterating the old Municipal Stadium stands, even as the
International League
Orioles continued playing on their makeshift diamond, along with the new Baltimore Colts of the former
All-America Football Conference
merged with the reorganized
National Football League
.
The old seating at the north end was retained for the pro and college football seasons that fall. By year's end, the horseshoe was sufficiently completed to allow the baseball infield to be relocated from the northwest corner of the field to the south end, and the Orioles opened the 1950 season at the newly oriented diamond. Construction continued on the single deck, until finally all the remnants of the old stadium were gone. The new facility could seat around 31,000.
Second deck
[
edit
]
The first Baltimore Colts franchise terminated operations for financial reasons at the end of the 1950 season. Community support for a second NFL franchise remained strong, however, and late in 1952 a group of Baltimore businessmen pooled their resources in a bid to win a new league franchise.
[9]
A "Bring Back the Colts" drive launched in December 1952 generated the presale of 15,000 season tickets in just six weeks.
[9]
The campaign made an impression and Baltimore, then the sixth largest city in the United States, was awarded an expansion team for the
1953 NFL season
.
[9]
With the NFL back and realistic rumors simultaneously circulating of the arrival of major league baseball, the second deck construction was begun during the summer of 1953. First, two groups of sections were built facing the 50 yard line. Then they were extended toward the south end, completing the upper deck horseshoe. Additional plans to fully enclose the stadium and add a roof to the upper tier were never implemented, although an extra upper deck section would be added on each side in 1964.
Work accelerated in November 1953 when the
St. Louis Browns
of the
American League
were announced to be moving to Baltimore to become the new
major league
version of the
Baltimore Orioles
, to begin play in April 1954, the city's first major league franchise in over 50 years (not counting the
Federal League
experiment). The total cost of the multi-phase project was $6.5 million.
The expanded stadium was still under construction as of baseball's opening day in 1954, with the new entrance plaza and the new outfield lighting not yet finished. Work was finally completed at the start of the summer.
On April 15, 1954, thousands of Baltimoreans jammed city streets as the new Orioles paraded from downtown at the
Baltimore City Hall
to Memorial Stadium for their first home game. During the 90-minute parade, the new "Birds" signed autographs, handed out pictures and threw styrofoam balls to the crowd as the throngs marched down several major city streets ending on East 33rd Street. Inside, more than 46,000 watched the Orioles beat the
Chicago White Sox
, 3?1, to win their home opener and move into first place (although temporarily) in the American League.
[10]
Both the new Orioles and the Colts had some great successes over coming years, with both teams becoming among the winningest and competitive franchises in their respective leagues during the late 1950s and throughout the decade of the 1960s.
Abandonment
[
edit
]
The dual-use stadium was not without its critics, however. Traffic and a parking shortage made accessing the stadium difficult. Concrete poles blocked views, and unsheltered areas grew hot in the summer. Most of the seats were bench-style, with few having chair backs ? let alone more modern amenities.
[11]
The NFL's Baltimore Colts were the first to express deep dissatisfaction and to seek a new venue. In addition to sub-optimal conditions at Memorial Stadium, capacity was a concern, with the Colts selling out every home game from the start of the 1964 season to the end of 1970 and unable to meet demand for season tickets.
[12]
In 1970, Colts owner
Carroll Rosenbloom
announced that he was seeking a 500 acre parcel in one of three suburban Baltimore counties for construction of a new stadium.
[13]
A new $20 million football-only facility was planned, with Rosenbloom adamant that the team would be leaving Memorial Stadium expeditiously due to unhappiness with stadium conditions and ongoing irritation over a September legal dispute with the city over whether a
Monday Night Football
game could be hosted at the site ? a dispute which Rosenbloom characterized as "the end of the road."
[13]
No stadium deal was ever completed by Rosenbloom.
On July 13, 1972, businessman
Robert Irsay
made a last-minute bid of $19 million to purchase the
Los Angeles Rams
from the
estate
of
Dan Reeves
.
[14]
He immediately swapped franchises with Colts owner Rosenbloom, becoming the controlling partner of the Baltimore franchise that same day.
[14]
Rosenbloom's stadium problem became Irsay's stadium problem, with the former becoming the new tenant of the capacious
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
.
Memorial Stadium's limitations remained and its amenities continued to deteriorate over time. A decade passed and still neither Irsay nor the city could agree to desperately-needed improvements to the aging and tattered stadium. Irsay began to visit other cities, moving various civic leaders to put together stadium packages that would provide a better financial and physical situation for the Colts.
Indianapolis
was chosen.
In the middle of a snowy night on March 29, 1984, under threat of a measure introduced into the
state legislature
to initiate condemnation proceedings for the city and state assert
eminent domain
and take ownership of the Colts franchise, moving vans rolled in and the Colts rolled out for their new Indiana home.
Loss of the Colts left the Orioles as Memorial Stadium's sole major league tenant and dramatically increased the level of urgency of the political establishment regarding necessary stadium upgrades.
When the decision to abandon Memorial Stadium (in favor of the new downtown ballpark) became imminent, various citizen groups began to organize opposition to the decision. In particular, the neighborhoods surrounding Memorial Stadium became anxious about the impact on their area of an abandoned "
white elephant
": there simply wasn't any other use that would generate the funds to properly maintain the site, and there were no funds for demolition and redevelopment. While the stadium events may have created periodic disruptions to local life, it did provide easy access to major league sports and special attention from the city for maintenance of the area.
The mayor and other power brokers knew of strong general public opposition to subsidizing a new ballpark. City-wide and local community leaders also knew of this potential, but there was also a shortage of leaders willing to take on this task (although this was never stated, and may not have been known by
Mayor Schaefer
). During this pivotal period, local community leaders decided to "bargain away the petition drive" for certain considerations. To do this, area community groups formed the "Stadium Neighborhoods Coalition" (SNC) and negotiated the following: (1) Establishment of an official Memorial Redevelopment Stadium Task Force with public meetings and minutes; and, (2) a written pledge by then
Mayor Schaefer
to provide upfront funding for any demolition and redevelopment resulting from this community process.
The Orioles played their final game at the stadium on October 6, 1991, which ended in a defeat at the hands of the Detroit Tigers, 7-1; a postgame ceremony was held with 78 past Oriole players meeting, and ended with home plate being removed by the grounds crew and placed in a stretch limousine. It was sent across town to Camden Yards under police escort where it would be placed at the new stadium minutes later.
[15]
For the next decade, while the community input process lumbered on, Memorial Stadium hosted a minor league baseball team and two new professional football teams. The
Bowie Baysox
, a
minor league
affiliate of the Orioles, played their inaugural 1993 season at Memorial Stadium while
their permanent home ballpark
was being built. As the Orioles were then in their second season at Camden Yards, this gave Baltimore the rare distinction of hosting both major league and minor league teams simultaneously; currently, New York City has that honor with the presence of the
Brooklyn Cyclones
, who are affiliated with the
Mets
.
The
Baltimore Stallions
played during the
Canadian Football League
's
"southern expansion" experiment to the United States
for two seasons in 1994 and 1995. The team was originally known as the "Baltimore CFL Colts", but they were forced to change their name to the Stallions (after one year of playing without an official name) when the
NFL
was granted a legal court injunction which prevented the
CFL
franchise from reclaiming the "Colts" name. Owner
Jim Speros
took over the facility, exchanging tickets to contractors for renovations to help bring the dilapidated stadium to workable condition.
[16]
Memorial Stadium was unique in that it was one of the few U. S. stadiums that could accommodate the full 65-yard width and 150-yard length of a regulation
Canadian football
field (most likely since it had been designed for baseball as well as American football). They had winning records in each of the 1994 and 1995 seasons, and in both years advanced to the championship game. Averaging more than 30,000 spectators a game for two years, the Stallions would eventually become the only American team to win the
Grey Cup
in 1995.
[16]
The CFL Stallions were ultimately forced out of town when
Cleveland Browns
owner
Art Modell
announced he was moving his team to Baltimore. Following protracted negotiations between Modell, the two cities and the NFL, it was decided that Modell would be allowed to take his players and organization to Baltimore as the
Ravens
, while leaving the Browns name and legacy for a replacement team that returned in 1999. The Ravens were tenants of the stadium until the end of the 1997 NFL regular season, when they moved to what is now
M&T Bank Stadium
. It was bid farewell in style by both the Orioles (in a field-encircling ceremony staged by many former Oriole players and hosted by
Hall of Fame
announcer
Ernie Harwell
, who began his announcing career here) and the Ravens (who had many former Colts assemble for a final play, run by Unitas. The play had Unitas hand the ball off to Lydell Mitchell, who then handed the ball to Lenny Moore in a reverse and Moore ran in for a touchdown).
Through all of this, the official Redevelopment Task Force met off and on, deliberating on prospects for long-term use. The community remained quite sensitized about any inappropriate use of this center-of-the-neighborhood structure. When word leaked that the stadium was being considered for staging rock concerts, a group of neighbors organized the group "People Against Concerts at Memorial Stadium" (PACAMS). As Baltimore was deciding to confirm or deny this story?with no immediate answer?a large public opposition developed. With the resulting outpouring of anger, the City publicly confirmed its decision not to lease the site for rock concerts.
In resolving the rock concert problem, a new spirit of proactive advocacy was ignited in the community. In fact, there had been developing a division within established neighborhood groups about the best tactics in securing a good future for the stadium. Should the groups make further use of the direct action tactics of PACAMS, or use quiet lobbying by established groups?
That division was never resolved, as individuals continued to work in different paths. In fact, PACAMS, after its success in preventing the stadium's use for concerts, reconstituted itself as "People Advocating a Community Agenda for Memorial Stadium"?continuing with the successful PACAMS acronym. With PACAMS' public advocacy, and the established groups' holding fast to more traditional lines of community, there ultimately resulted in a large, and well attended, public meeting where several redevelopment proposals were presented. The resulting community preference for a mixed used development led to the successful development now on site.
Demolition and redevelopment
[
edit
]
The City of Baltimore solicited proposals for development of the site. Most proposals preserved some or all of the stadium, including the memorial to World War II veterans and words on the facade. One proposal even had a school occupying the former offices of Memorial Stadium and the field used as a recreational facility for the school. Mayor
Martin J. O'Malley
, however, favored the proposal that resulted in the total razing of the stadium, an act that many fought and protested. Former mayor and governor
William Donald Schaefer
protested that the stadium was razed for political reasons. The venerable and historic stadium was demolished over a 10-month period beginning in April 2001.
[
citation needed
]
Approximately 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m
3
) of
concrete
rubble from it was used to build an
artificial reef
over a 6-acre (2.4 ha) site in the
Chesapeake Bay
3 miles (4.8 km) west of
Tolchester Beach
in 2002.
[17]
As of 2005, the former site of Memorial Stadium housed Maryland's largest YMCA facility and the developing vision of "Stadium Place", a mixed income community for seniors in Baltimore City. Currently there are four senior apartment complexes up and running on site.
All of this, the political wranglings, the sports history and the city's attachment to a doomed landmark was captured in a documentary, "The Last Season, The Life and Demolition of Memorial Stadium."
There was also a plan initially to keep the front of the stadium as a dedication to commemorate all who served America during both World Wars, but it had to also be taken down because alone, it was structurally unsafe.
[18]
New field
[
edit
]
In 2010, work started on developing a new recreational baseball/football field on the site (Cal Ripken Senior Youth Development Field), with home plate being in the same exact location as it was when Memorial Stadium existed.
[19]
The field was completed in December 2010. A ribbon-cutting ceremony on December 7 was attended by
Billy
and
Cal Ripken
, and
Governor
Martin O'Malley
.
[20]
[21]
Layout
[
edit
]
The general layout of Memorial Stadium resembled a somewhat scaled-down version of
Cleveland Stadium
(then home of the MLB
Indians
and NFL
Browns
). Due to the need to fit a football field on the premises, the playing area was initially quite large, especially in center field and foul territory. The construction of inner fences after 1958, however, reduced the size of the outfield. The addition of several rows of box seats also reduced the foul ground, ultimately making the stadium much more of a hitters' park than it was originally. It did host the
Major League Baseball All-Star Game
that year. Memorial Stadium was one of the nation's few venues to host a World Series, an MLB All-Star Game, and an NFL Championship game.
Teams hosted
[
edit
]
Baseball
[
edit
]
- Professional
- College/University/Military Academies
Soccer
[
edit
]
Attendance
[
edit
]
Baltimore Orioles Attendance at Memorial Stadium
[22]
|
Year
|
Total attendance
|
Game average
|
AL rank
|
1954
|
1,060,910
|
13,778
|
5th
|
1955
|
852,039
|
10,785
|
7th
|
1956
|
901,201
|
11,704
|
6th
|
1957
|
1,029,581
|
13,371
|
5th
|
1958
|
829,991
|
10,641
|
5th
|
1959
|
891,926
|
11,435
|
7th
|
1960
|
1,187,849
|
15,427
|
3rd
|
1961
|
951,089
|
11,599
|
5th
|
1962
|
790,254
|
9,637
|
6th
|
1963
|
774,343
|
9,560
|
7th
|
1964
|
1,116,215
|
13,612
|
4th
|
1965
|
781,649
|
9,894
|
6th
|
1966
|
1,203,366
|
15,232
|
3rd
|
1967
|
955,053
|
12,403
|
6th
|
1968
|
943,977
|
11,800
|
6th
|
1969
|
1,062,069
|
13,112
|
5th
|
1970
|
1,057,069
|
13,050
|
6th
|
1971
|
1,023,037
|
13,286
|
3rd
|
1972
|
899,950
|
11,688
|
6th
|
1973
|
958,667
|
11,835
|
9th
|
1974
|
962,572
|
11,884
|
8th
|
1975
|
1,002,157
|
13,015
|
9th
|
1976
|
1,058,609
|
13,069
|
6th
|
1977
|
1,195,769
|
14,763
|
10th
|
1978
|
1,051,724
|
12,984
|
10th
|
1979
|
1,681,009
|
21,279
|
6th
|
1980
|
1,797,438
|
22,191
|
6th
|
1981
|
1,024,247
|
18,623
|
8th
|
1982
|
1,613,031
|
19,671
|
8th
|
1983
|
2,042,071
|
25,211
|
5th
|
1984
|
2,045,784
|
25,257
|
5th
|
1985
|
2,132,387
|
26,326
|
6th
|
1986
|
1,973,176
|
24,977
|
6th
|
1987
|
1,835,692
|
22,386
|
9th
|
1988
|
1,660,738
|
20,759
|
10th
|
1989
|
2,535,208
|
31,299
|
4th
|
1990
|
2,415,189
|
30,190
|
5th
|
1991
|
2,552,753
|
31,515
|
5th
|
Seating capacity
[
edit
]
Baseball
Years
|
Capacity
|
1950?1952
|
31,000
[5]
|
1953?1956
|
47,866
[5]
|
1957?1960
|
47,778
[5]
|
1961
|
49,375
[5]
|
1962?1963
|
49,373
[5]
|
1964
|
51,991
[5]
|
1965
|
52,184
[5]
|
1966?1968
|
52,185
[5]
|
1969?1977
|
52,137
[5]
|
1978?1979
|
52,860
[5]
|
1980?1981
|
52,696
[5]
|
1982?1984
|
53,208
[5]
|
1985
|
54,062
[5]
|
1986
|
54,076
[5]
|
1987
|
54,002
[5]
|
1988?1990
|
54,017
[5]
|
1991?1997
|
53,371
[5]
|
|
Football
Years
|
Capacity
|
1950?1952
|
31,000
[23]
|
1953?1957
|
52,060
[24]
|
1958?1959
|
57,557
[25]
|
1960
|
57,808
[26]
|
1961
|
57,641
[27]
|
1962
|
57,966
[28]
|
1963
|
60,065
[29]
|
1964
|
60,213
[30]
|
1965?1969
|
60,238
[31]
|
1970?1975
|
60,240
[32]
|
1976?1980
|
60,020
[33]
|
1981?1995
|
60,586
[34]
|
Years
|
Capacity
|
1996?1997
|
65,248
[35]
|
|
Gallery
[
edit
]
[36]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Memorial Stadium"
.
MDStad.com
. Maryland Stadium Authority
. Retrieved
January 21,
2024
.
- ^
1634?1699:
McCusker, J. J.
(1997).
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
(PDF)
.
American Antiquarian Society
.
1700?1799:
McCusker, J. J.
(1992).
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
(PDF)
.
American Antiquarian Society
.
1800?present:
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800?"
. Retrieved
February 29,
2024
.
- ^
Eggener, Keith. "The Demolition and Afterlife of Baltimore Memorial Stadium,"
Places Journal
, October 2012.
Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^
"J. L. Faisant Dies at 60,"
The Baltimore Sun
, Monday, February 5, 1962.
Retrieved October 9, 2022.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
"Memorial Stadium"
. Ballparks.com
. Retrieved
March 1,
2012
.
- ^
Lowry, Phillip (2005).
Green Cathedrals
. New York City: Walker & Company. p. 16.
ISBN
0-8027-1562-1
– via
Google Books
.
- ^
Flynn, Tom (2008).
Baseball in Baltimore
. Maryland: Arcadia Publishing. p. 67.
ISBN
9780738553252
– via
Google Books
.
- ^
"Memorial Stadium Title Approved"
.
The Baltimore Sun
. December 6, 1949
. Retrieved
August 13,
2023
.
The municipal stadium was today named Baltimore Memorial Stadium as a tribute to the city's World War II dead.
- ^
a
b
c
"A Dedication,"
The Baltimore Colts: 1953 Press, TV, and Radio Guide.
Baltimore, MD: Baltimore Colts, 1953; p. 3.
- ^
APRIL, 1954 | BaseballLibrary.com
Archived
December 23, 2007, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Dedford, Frank (April 12, 1971).
"Best Damn Team in Baseball"
.
Sports Illustrated
. Retrieved
January 14,
2021
.
- ^
"Attendance Records,"
The Baltimore Colts: 1971 Media Guide,
p. 91.
- ^
a
b
James P. Day,
"Rosenbloom Seeking Site in Three Suburban Counties,"
Baltimore Evening Sun,
Oct. 28, 1970; p. C2.
- ^
a
b
Gordon Beard,
"Heating Firm Owner Gets Baltimore Colts While Carroll Rosenbloom Secures Rams In A Big $16,000,000 Transcontinental Deal,"
Associated Press, July 14, 1972.
- ^
Brown, Jr., Thomas.
"October 6, 1991: Orioles play their final game at Memorial Stadium"
.
sabr.org
. Society of American Baseball Research
. Retrieved
March 14,
2023
.
- ^
a
b
Capital News Service.
"Baltimore's Forgotten Champions: An Oral History"
.
cnsmaryland.org
.
- ^
Meany, Eric (December 28, 2013).
"Placement of reef balls on Memorial Stadium rubble to continue for at least five more years"
.
The Baltimore Sun
. Retrieved
December 31,
2013
.
- ^
"Memorial Stadium is still here, just look around"
.
MLB.com
. Retrieved
January 9,
2022
.
- ^
"Stadium Place YMCA"
. Ripken Design
. Retrieved
March 1,
2012
.
- ^
"Joy of sports coming back to the Old Memorial Stadium"
.
WMAR
. Baltimore. December 7, 2010. Archived from
the original
on March 11, 2012
. Retrieved
March 1,
2012
.
- ^
Sharrow, Ryan (December 7, 2010).
"Ripken Sr. Foundation completes Memorial Stadium youth field"
.
Baltimore Business Journal
.
- ^
"Baltimore Orioles Attendance, Stadiums, and Park Factors"
. Baseball-Reference.com
. Retrieved
October 6,
2022
.
- ^
"Memorial Stadium"
. Stadiums of Pro Football
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
Elliot, James C. (November 11, 1957).
"N.F.L. Sets Crowd Mark"
.
The Baltimore Sun
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
Bowen, George (December 27, 1959).
"Explosive Teams Meet For Pro Football Title"
.
Times Daily
.
- ^
"Colts Defeat Rams, 31 to 17"
.
Chicago Tribune
. October 17, 1960
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
Rollow, Cooper (November 6, 1961).
"Packers Lose, Bears "Boot" Chance"
.
Chicago Tribune
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
Rollow, Cooper (October 29, 1962).
"Green Bay Wins; Giants Stop Redskins"
.
Chicago Tribune
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
"Pro Football Headed for a Banner Season"
.
The Telegraph
. August 18, 1963
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
"Colts-Vikings Game Sold Out"
.
The New York Times
. November 7, 1964
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
Snyder, Cameron C. (November 17, 1968).
"Colts Favored By 14 Over Cardinals Here Today"
.
The Baltimore Sun
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
"Facts of AFC Game"
.
The New York Times
. January 3, 1971
. Retrieved
December 1,
2011
.
- ^
"National Football League (NFL) ? Indianapolis Colts"
.
Rauzulu's Street
. Retrieved
March 1,
2012
.
- ^
The NFL Media Information Book, 1983
. Workman Publishing Company. 1983. p.
38
.
ISBN
978-0-89-480367-3
.
- ^
Morgan, Jon (August 28, 1996).
"Ravens' Prices Among NFL Elite $243.11 for Family of Four Is 4th Highest in League, Survey Says"
.
The Baltimore Sun
. Retrieved
June 15,
2018
.
- ^
Tom (March 3, 2014).
"The Ghosts of Old Memorial Stadium"
.
Ghosts of Baltimore
. Retrieved
February 19,
2019
.
Sources
[
edit
]
- House of Magic
, by the Baltimore Orioles
- The Home Team
, by James H. Bready
External links
[
edit
]
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· 1952 · 1953 · 1954 · 1955 · 1956 · 1957 · 1958 · 1959
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Early era:
1920
?
1940
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- League Park (Akron)
(Akron Pros)
- Armory Park
(Toledo Maroons)
- Baker Bowl
(Philadelphia Eagles)
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(Green Bay Packers)
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(Buffalo Bison/Rangers)
- Borchert Field
(Milwaukee Badgers, Green Bay Packers)
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(Evansville Crimson Giants)
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(Boston Braves, Boston Yanks)
- Buffalo Baseball Park
(Buffalo All-Americans)
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(Canton Bulldogs)
- City Stadium
(Green Bay Packers)
- Clarkin Field
(Hartford Blues)
- Cleveland Stadium
(Cleveland Rams)
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(Chicago Cardinals)
- Commercial Field
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- Crosley Field
(Cincinnati Reds)
- Cubs Park/Wrigley Field
(Chicago Tigers, Hammond Pros, Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals)
- Cycledrome
(Providence Steam Roller)
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(Detroit Wolverines, Detroit Lions)
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(Rock Island Independents)
- Duluth's Athletic Park
(Duluth Kelleys/Eskimos)
- East Hartford Velodrome
(Hartford Blues)
- Ebbets Field
(New York Brickley Giants, Brooklyn Lions, Brooklyn Dodgers)
- Eclipse Park
(Louisville Breckenridges)
- Fenway Park
(Boston Braves, Boston Yanks)
- Forbes Field
(Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers)
- Frankford Stadium
(Frankford Yellow Jackets)
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(Washington)
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(Green Bay Packers)
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(Racine Legion, Racine Tornadoes)
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(Providence Steam Roller)
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(Orange Tornadoes)
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(Canton Bulldogs)
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(Cleveland Tigers, Indians/Bulldogs, Rams)
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(Minneapolis Marines)
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(Cleveland Panthers)
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(Pottsville Maroons)
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(Kansas City Blues/Cowboys)
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(Kenosha Maroons)
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(Detroit Heralds/Tigers, Panthers, Lions)
- Neil Park
(Columbus Wagner Pirates)
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(Newark Tornadoes)
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(Newark Tornadoes)
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(Boston Braves)
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(Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets)
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(Chicago Cardinals)
- Parkway Field
(Louisville Brecks)
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(Philadelphia Eagles)
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(New York Giants, New York Brickley Giants)
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(Cleveland Rams)
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(Philadelphia Eagles)
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(Portsmouth Spartans)
- Sportsman's Park
(St. Louis All-Stars, St. Louis Gunners)
- Staley Field
(Decatur Staleys)
- Star Park
(
possible
, Syracuse Pros)
- Swayne Field
(Toledo Maroons)
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(Staten Islands Stapletons)
- Triangle Park
(Dayton Triangles)
- Wisconsin State Fair Park
(Green Bay Packers)
- Yankee Stadium I
(New York Yankees, New York Giants)
|
---|
Post-War and
Pre-Merger era:
1941
?
1969
|
- Alumni Stadium
(Boston Patriots)
- Astrodome
(Houston Oilers)
- Atlanta?Fulton County Stadium
(Atlanta Falcons)
- Balboa Stadium
(San Diego Chargers)
- Baltimore Memorial Stadium
(Baltimore Colts)
- Bears Stadium/Mile High Stadium
(Denver Broncos)
- Briggs Stadium/Tiger Stadium
(Detroit Lions)
- Busch Stadium
(St. Louis Cardinals)
- Busch Memorial Stadium
(St. Louis Cardinals)
- Cleveland Stadium
(Cleveland Browns)
- Comiskey Park
(Chicago Cardinals, Card-Pitt)
- Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium
(Philadelphia Eagles, Phil-Pitt Steagles)
- Cotton Bowl
(Dallas Texans, Dallas Cowboys)
- District of Columbia Stadium/RFK Memorial Stadium
(Washington Redskins)
- Dyche Stadium
(Chicago Bears)
- Ebbets Field
(Brooklyn Dodgers/Tigers)
- Fenway Park
(Boston Yanks, Boston Patriots)
- Forbes Field
(Pittsburgh Steelers, Phil-Pitt Steagles, Card-Pitt)
- Frank Youell Field
(Oakland Raiders)
- Franklin Field
(Philadelphia Eagles)
- Griffith Stadium
(Washington Redskins)
- Harvard Stadium
(Boston Patriots)
- Jeppesen Stadium
(Houston Oilers)
- Kansas City Municipal Stadium
(Kansas City Chiefs)
- Kezar Stadium
(San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders)
- League Park
(Cleveland Rams)
- Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
(Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers)
- Metropolitan Stadium
(Minnesota Vikings)
- Miami Orange Bowl
(Miami Dolphins)
- Milwaukee County Stadium
(Green Bay Packers)
- Nickerson Field
(Boston Patriots)
- Nippert Stadium
(Cincinnati Bengals)
- Oakland?Alameda County Coliseum
(Oakland Raiders)
- Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
(Philadelphia Eagles)
- Pitt Stadium
(Pittsburgh Steelers)
- Polo Grounds
(New York Giants, New York Bulldogs, New York Titans/Jets)
- Rice Stadium
(Houston Oilers)
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(Cincinnati Bengals)
- San Diego Stadium
(San Diego Chargers)
- Shea Stadium
(New York Jets)
- Tulane Stadium
(New Orleans Saints)
- War Memorial Stadium
(Buffalo Bills)
- Wisconsin State Fair Park
(Green Bay Packers)
- Wrigley Field
(Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals)
- Yankee Stadium I
(New York Yanks, New York Giants)
|
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Current era:
1970
?present
| |
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Stadiums
used by
NFL teams
temporarily
| |
---|
†= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time
1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage.
|
Defunct ballparks in Major League Baseball
|
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|