Species of fungus
Species of fungus
Marasmius sasicola
is a species of
Marasmiaceae
fungus known from
Kanagawa Prefecture
, Japan. First collected in 2000, it was
described
in 2002 by Haruki Takahashi. The species produces small mushrooms with white
caps
and very short, very thin black
stems
. Unlike in other, similar species, the stems enter the plant matter on which the mushroom grows. The six to eight white gills are spread out around the cap, and all of them reach the stem. The
flesh
has no taste or odour. Found in June, the species grows on dead
Sasa
leaves, from which it takes its
specific epithet
.
Taxonomy and naming
[
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Marasmius sasicola
was first
described
by Haruki Takahashi (2002) in an article in
Mycoscience
, based on specimens collected from Ikuta Ryokuchi Park,
Kawasaki
,
Kanagawa Prefecture
, Japan in 2000 and 2001. The
specific name
sasicola
refers to the fact the species grows upon the leaves of
Sasa
species. The Japanese
common name
for the species is
Sasa-no-houraitake
. Within the genus
Mycena
, it probably belongs to the
section
Marasmius
, and the
subsection
Penicillati
, due to characters of the
stem
,
gills
and
pileipellis
(the outer-most layer of the
cap
).
[2]
Description
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Marasmius sasicola
produces mushrooms that have convex caps from 5 to 10 millimetres (0.2 to 0.4 in) in diameter featuring folds or striations. The caps do not expand or flatten with age, and are dry and dull. The cap surface is covered in tiny grains which vanish as the mushrooms age. The caps of young mushrooms are coloured light brown, but paler at the cap margin; as they mature, the caps become paler, approaching white when fully matured. The very thin, smooth
stem
measures between 2 and 3 mm (0.08 and 0.1 in) in length by 0.3 to 0.4 mm (0.01 to 0.02 in) thick. It connects to the centre of the cap, and is a dark brown to black colour.
Mycelial cords
cannot be seen at the base of the stem, which anchors itself into the
substrate
. The white
gills
can be adnexed (attaching to the stem by only part of their depth) to adnate (attaching by their full depth). They are not at all crowded, with between 6 and 8 separate gills, all of which reach the stem. Each gill is up to 2 mm (0.08 in) broad, though it is thinner at the edge. The mushrooms have a very thin layer of whitish
flesh
up to 0.4 mm (0.02 in) thick. The tough but flexible flesh lacks any odour or taste.
[2]
Microscopic characteristics
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Marasmius sasicola
produces colourless, ellipsoid
basidiospores
of between 8 and 10 by 4 to 6
micrometres
(μm). The spores have no ornamentation, are not
amyloid
and have thin
cell walls
. In his examinations, Takahashi did not observe any
basidia
, but he did describe the club-shaped basidioles (immature basidia) which measured from 18 to 26 by 6 to 10 μm. The tightly packed cheilocystidia (
cystidia
on the edge of the gill) form a sterile edge to the gill, and there are no pleurocystidia (cystidia on the face of the gill). The
pileipellis
, the top layer of the cap, forms a
hymeniderm
, a cell structure reminiscent of the
hymenium
on the gills. This is made up of club-shaped cells measuring between 2 and 8 by 7 to 10 μm, with reddish-brown, smooth cell walls up to 1 μm thick. The
stipitipellis
, the outermost layer of the stem, is made up of cylindrical hyphae measuring from 3 to 6 μm in width, which run parallel to one another. They have featureless brown cell walls measuring up to 1 μm thick, and the septa (the walls separating individual cells) have
clamp connections
.
[2]
The flesh in the cap is made up of irregularly arranged cylindrical
hyphae
from 5 to 15 μm wide. They stain a dark reddish-brown in
Melzer's reagent
or
Lugol's solution
. The flesh in the stem is made up of hyphae which run down the stem and measure 4 to 11 μm in thickness. The smooth cell walls are colorless, but again stain a dark reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent or Lugol's solution. The septa have clamp connections.
[2]
Similar species
[
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Marasmius subconiatus
, known from Sri Lanka and Indonesia, is somewhat similar to
M. sasicola
. It can be differentiated as its stem does not enter the substrate, and the gills differ. In
M. subconiatus
, the gills are orange, and sport cheilocystidia which are pale yellow.
[2]
Habitat and distribution
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Marasmius sasicola
is known from the lowland forests of
Kanagawa Prefecture
, Japan, and can be found in June. Mushrooms grow in large numbers close together, and grow from dead leaves of
Sasa
(grass bamboo) which have fallen.
[2]
See also
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References
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External links
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