Feminine given name
Madonna
Pronunciation
| Italian:
[ma?d?nna]
|
---|
Gender
| Female (given name)
|
---|
|
Language(s)
| Old Italian
|
---|
Meaning
| "My lady"
|
---|
|
Alternative spelling
| Madona, Madonnah
|
---|
Nickname(s)
| Maddy, Maddie, Madge, Donna
|
---|
Madonna
(
) is a name from the 16th century, originally used as a respectful form of address to an
Italian woman
. It comes from
Old Italian
phrase
ma donna
which means "my lady". It was later adopted as
one of the titles
for
Mary, mother of Jesus
in
Roman Catholic
tradition
in the
17th century
. Its usage has been present in
Western
Christian art
and
literature
.
The name has become associated in contemporary culture with American singer
Madonna
(full name: Madonna Louise Ciccone) since late twentieth century. She registered her name for trademark in the United States during the 1980s. Her trademark was also recognized internationally when she won a legal case in 2000 through the United Nations' arbitration at the
World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO).
Etymology and title for Mary, mother of Jesus
[
edit
]
Madonna comes from
Old Italian language
words of
ma
("my") and
donna
("lady").
[2]
[3]
The Italian word came from the
Latin
phrase
mea domina
(or
domina mea
),
[4]
[5]
translated as "my mistress" in English.
[6]
[a]
In modern Italian, "my lady" is translated as
mia donna
.
[15]
The name is alternatively spelled as
Madona
,
Madonnah
,
[16]
and
Madona
.
[17]
Its short-form nicknames include
Maddy
,
Maddie
,
Madge
, and
Donna
.
[18]
[19]
Madonna was attested in the 16th century as a respectful form of address to an
Italian woman
.
[2]
[20]
It became a
loanword
to English language in 1584,
[21]
defining as "an idealized virtuous and beautiful woman" (
Oxford Dictionary of English
, 1998).
[2]
Previously, in
vernacular
Italian communities of the
Middle Ages
, such as
northern
Italian dialects
, Madonna meant variously, including a spouse's mother and the "loved woman" during the
Dolce Stil Novo
period.
[17]
Mea Domina
or Madonna also signified the "ideal woman" to
troubadours
of
Provence
.
[13]
[22]
Ksana Blank, in
Dostoevsky's Dialectics and the Problem of Sin
(2010), refers to this precedent as the "cult of Lady", or "The European aesthetic ideal of the Madonna", an image imported from
Byzantium
in medieval times by pilgrims and crusaders modeled on
Ma domna
("My Lady" for Occitan), and it had an impact on European prose, having influenced arts, literature and everyday life, including troubadours who
Denis de Rougemont
described their views as "supremely ambiguous".
[23]
In addition, Madonna was also used as a mock-respectful form of address to an Italian woman,
[1]
and according to Peruvian-Italian writer
Felipe Sassone
in 1953, as a sense of "
pagan
admiration and pride" for a man's possession of a woman.
[24]
Madonna was also used to mean "
prostitute
" in
early modern England
. The derogatory sense of the term is clear in
Thomas Dekker
's
Blurt, Master Constable
(1602).
[1]
Although the
Bible
makes no mention of the word Madonna,
[b]
it was adopted as
one of titles
for
Mary, mother of Jesus
, in the
17th century
(circa the
1640s
).
[15]
[c]
The term has not been present in general
Christianity
, but has been particular to
Roman Catholic
tradition
. It was not used by various
Protestant
denominations during their dominance at the American
religious
cultural
landscape
at that time.
[3]
Centuries later, observers from academia to the art world, such as
Robert Orsi
and
Stephen Knapp
have referred to the word as a "Catholic term" or from the Catholic faith,
[31]
[32]
[27]
while it was called a symbol of purity and
virginity
in Catholicism by a Christian author.
[33]
In an article published by linguistic journal
Transactions of the Philological Society
in 1957, the word is defined as "essentially a term of
art criticism
and hardly belongs to the religious language of
England
".
[34]
With the
definite article
(
the Madonna
), the term appeared as a complimentary term noting a likeness to Mary.
[1]
This designation to Mary as pointed out the
International Marian Research Institute
at
University of Dayton
, is translated into English as "Our Lady", and that term is also known in other languages as
Nuestra Senora
(Spanish),
Notre-Dame
(French),
Nossa Senhora
(Portuguese) or
Unsere liebe Frau
(German).
[35]
Traditionally,
the Madonna
has been mostly used for "images of Mary holding the infant Jesus", although it is also referred to depictions of Mary without Jesus, according to publications ranging from 19th to 21st centuries.
[36]
[37]
The theme of
the Madonna
became one of the most popular subjects of Christian Western art,
[29]
or perhaps the most popular at some extent, popularized by painters of the Middle Ages (such as
Fra Angelico
), especially from the Renaissance.
[38]
[39]
[40]
According to the
Encyclopædia Britannica
, the term is usually restricted to Mary's devotional representations rather than narrative, showing her in a "non-historical context and to sentimental significances";
[41]
Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, a religious art professor from
catholic studies
program at
Georgetown University
, referred to as "one of the most popular topics in Christian art and one that had no direct scriptural basis".
[42]
In modern times, as reported Ginny Kubitz Moyer from
Busted Halo
, the term is very familiar to
art historians
thanks to Marian arts.
[36]
In the community, some have follow the distinction when it comes to Mary holding the infant or without him to apply the term,
[43]
[44]
which is also noted with the usage of the term "Madonna and Child".
[45]
Throughout history, the name has acquired other meanings; the word was later used to mean by others all sorts of things about women.
[46]
[47]
The term
Madonna?whore complex
, also known as "the Virgin/whore complex", has been used as a teaching about sexuality and the female body,
[48]
[49]
in some Christian communities. Others have interpreted the term to mean "virgin" as an original Italian word,
[50]
and motherhood.
[13]
In other cultures, like
modern Japan
, historically, the word Madonna "has little to do with Mary" according to the
International Comparative Literature Association
. The popularity of the word in that country was attributed to novelist
Natsume S?seki
in the early 20th century, when he used it as a nickname for a character in one of his publications.
[46]
In the mid-1980s, the term "Madonna" or "Madonna Boom" was popularized again in the country, after
Doi Takako
's emergence as the first woman in the
political history of Japan
to become the leader of a political party.
[51]
The American singer
Madonna
(born 1958), also had a slight effect on that catchphrase, according to Ardath W. Burks from
Rutgers University
.
[52]
Late 20th-century effects
[
edit
]
19th-century English Italian-based writer
Thomas Adolphus Trollope
described the term "Madonna", as
in extenso
"appropriated exclusively to the Holy Virgin".
[53]
The
in extenso
association to Mary was affected after the advent of
Madonna
(born Madonna Louise Ciccone, 1958), an American singer whose given name and
middle name
were taken from her mother, Madonna Louise (
nee
Fortin
).
[54]
A
Brigham Young University
professor explored how the
ambiguation
of the word "Madonna" had already begun before "Internet algorithms".
[55]
The American singer became part of word's definition in some
reference works
,
[56]
both printed and online, including
Oxford Dictionary of English
(2010),
[2]
and
Encyclopædia Britannica
since 2002,
[57]
among others.
[58]
[59]
According to authors in
Governing Codes
(2005), the association with Mary still popular in literature, although the American singer's figure was "much more familiar to contemporary audiences".
[60]
Semiotician Victorino Zecchetto agreed that in the
Western
system of meanings, "Madonna" evoked "only" the Virgin Mary, but after the emergence of the singer, the
semantic
field favored other interpretations.
[61]
Author Michael Campbell similarly claimed that the term acquired a more contemporary image: "The pop star whose given name was enough to identify her to the world at large".
[45]
Common association with American singer Madonna (b. 1958)
[
edit
]
Various publications have attributed a dominant association to American singer's since her debut in the 1980s.
[64]
[65]
[66]
[67]
Explorations vary. For instance, anthologist Bruce Lansky, as reported in
The Canberra Times
in 1991, said: "Madonna Ciccone already has out stripped the Virgin Mother as the archetype for her name." Lansky noted Madonna as a perfect example of someone shaped by her name or, in her case, the rejection of it.
[26]
In an article published by the
New Theatre Quarterly
in 1996,
Mark Watts
wrote that "the persona (Ciccone) can be said to be signified of the word 'Madonna'. It embodies the indescribable combination of ideas that enters our mind when we think 'Madonna' ?singer, star, exhibitionist, whataever".
[68]
American singer's influence is noted on the
Internet age
landscape, notoriously in simplified results on websites and
search engines
of general wide use. For example, art museum
Castagnino+macro
concurred that the viewpoints of the word "Madonna" has been changed since its origin, and Google results, for instance, are
virtually
limited to Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone,
id est
, Madonna.
[47]
On the same plain, a contributor from art institution
MoMA PS1
said that "Madonna as Mary doesn't even show up on the first five pages of a simple Google search".
[69]
Musician turned-writer
Alina Simone
also noted singer's influence, by saying in
Madonnaland
(2016), "Google Madonna's name and the mother of Jesus is nowhere in sight".
[70]
Speaking about the point, authors of
Constantly Consume
(2007), explained that unlike
AltaVista
, the dominant search engine when Google surfaced and required "labyrinthic" searches, such as "Madonna and not singer", Google simplified the query process by
analyzing
how often web sites are linked to other highly ranked sites.
[71]
Reactions and commentary
[
edit
]
The American singer frequently played and explored various
female roles/stereotypes
such as
the whore complex
, and often employed
religious imagery
in provocative and challenged ways. In doing so, she raises criticisms;
Maury Dean
documented how the singer was noted for her "morality and name coincidence".
[72]
In 1997, Finnish
religious studies
magazine
Temenos
commented that "several Christian critics" insisted on calling her by her second name, as Madonna is "anything but Madonna-like".
[73]
According to the magazine, critics like Godwin (1988) or Ahrnroth (1991), claimed that Madonna was her
pseudonym
.
[73]
Occasionally, the American singer parallelly faced mistranslations and misinterpretations of some international sources, as reported an article published in Yahoo! on 2024.
[74]
Traditional Catholic
activist,
Plinio Correa de Oliveira
used her name with "
quotation marks
",
[75]
while Italian name expert, Enzo La Stella, whom also assumed Madonna as her stage name, named her as born "Luisa Veronica Ciccone".
[15]
According to author Adam Sexton (1993), in the souvenir program book from her
1987 tour
, Madonna is quoted as saying: "Madonna is my real name. It means a lot of things. It means virgin, mother, mother of earth. Someone who is very pure and innocent but someone who's very strong".
[76]
She was also quoted, according to Arrington, defining Madonna as a "strange name [...] I felt there was a reason. I felt like I had to live up to my name",
[77]
while later she would also says, "I sometimes think I was born to live up to my name".
[78]
Some authors were critical or concerned about a
cultural illiteracy
step. In an article published in 1991 for Irish Catholic periodical
The Furrow
, catechist Stephanie Walsh explored about a generational gap in a fast-changing Irish society.
[79]
In
The Authority of Women in the Catholic Church
(2015), Catholic theologian Monica Migliorino Miller from the
Madonna University
recognized the
psyche
associated to the singer, but lamented: "When the word Madonna is mentioned, it's not Mary who comes to mind but someone arguably her antithesis. [She] has managed to rise to the center of
consciousness
when the word is used in the public square. It's not Christ's mother who comes to mind but a crude and irreverent vocalist".
[80]
Other commentators claimed that "once it was a name spoken with reverence, but now people have a whole new attitude toward the name",
[81]
to describe: "Madonna has appropriated the word and turned the intended insult to her advantage".
[82]
On the other hand, Canadian academic
Linda Hutcheon
in
Irony's Edge
, remarks on singer's irony and added that Madonna as the medieval title given to a woman, and that in Italian-speaking discurse community, the added "subliminal" idea of "ma donna" (my woman), in terms of either possessiveness or material/sexual posseion, "is likely ironizable, no matter what stand you take on her personal politics".
[83]
Popularity
[
edit
]
Some international observers agreed that Madonna is a rare name for babies, even among
Catholic population
, including authors of
The Italian Heritage: A Companion to Literature and Arts
(1998).
[86]
[87]
It was not used as a
given name
in Italy and was first used as a name by
Italian Americans
. The oldest Madonna in the
United States census
is Madonna Klotz (born 1843), daughter of John and Julianna in Philadelphia.
[15]
The US
Social Security
's yearly baby name lists started in 1880, but Madonna only began entering the top-1,000 position in 1909.
[15]
The name was mildly popular through most of the first half of the 20th century.
[88]
It reached an all-time peak at 536th in 1933 and made its last appearance within the top 1,000 in 1968. The American singer's early popularity helped give a slight increase in the 1980s, but it did not last long. Since 1992 fewer than 20 newly-born babies named Madonna in the United States every year.
[15]
In Finland, according to a report by the
Population Register Centre
in 2012, thirty babies were named Madonna, most of them since singer's emergence.
[89]
The singer herself claimed to have never met anyone else with the name other than her mother while growing up.
[86]
Janaya Wecker from entertainment magazine
Men's Health
, wrote "Not many new parents have dared to name their kid after the
Queen of Pop
..."
[90]
Writing for
Omaha World-Herald
in 2016, Cleveland Evans, a
Bellevue University
psychology professor said that Madonna still so rare as a name because "it's the premier example of a rare name so identified with one super-celebrity", further adding that "Madonna won't have many namesakes until parents of newborns no longer think only of the 'high priestess of pop' when they hear or see 'Madonna'".
[15]
Beyond its usage, lexicographers such as
Iseabail Macleod
stated that the name was "made famous" by the American singer.
[84]
As documents British linguist,
David Crystal
, she is a "well-known" example of a
single-name
.
[91]
The New Zealand Herald
'
s Charlie Gowans-Eglinton said in 2020, the woman became "so globally famous by her mononym that I'd forgotten her surname (Ciccone)".
[92]
According to the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
in 2008, "Madonna is one of the most recognizable names in the world ? and not just the world of music."
[93]
Trademark
[
edit
]
The American singer became one of the earliest celebrities to register her name for trademark in the United States in the 1980s.
[94]
Her trademark for the name Madonna was also recognized internationally when she won a legal case in 2000 through the United Nations' arbitration at the
World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO). In comparison, her fellow British singer
Sting
's case was denied by WIPO in the same year, because
sting
was considered "a common English word".
[95]
JD Supra Business Advisor, explored a "scandalous" case in the 1930s after an intent to register the "Madonna Wine", with complainers arguing the word has been recognized in several English-speaking countries as an associated with Mary; in contrast, website further adds in the post 1979-years, the "singer altered and distracted from the previous and exclusive reference to the Virgin Mary".
[96]
In 1993,
The Trademark Reporter
mentioned another case by saying "apparently, the term 'Madonna' was still believed to be generally understood as referring to the Virgin Mary in 1959. Whether that might be found true in 1993 is another question".
[97]
List of people
[
edit
]
Given name
[
edit
]
- Madonna
(born Madonna Louise Ciccone, 1958), American singer, songwriter, actress
- Madonna Blyth
(born 1985), Australian field hockey player
- Madonna Buder
(born 1930), Roman Catholic religious sister and Senior Olympian triathlete
- Madonna Constantine
, American psychology and education professor
- Madonna Gimotea
(born 1974), retired gymnast from Canada
- Madonna Harris
(born 1956), New Zealand multi-sportswoman
- Madonna King
, Australian journalist, author, and media commentator
- Madonna Oriente
(died 1390), alleged religious figure
- Madonna Sebastian
(born 1992), Indian actress and singer
- Madonna Soctomah
, Passamaquoddy politician from Maine
- Madonna Staunton
(1938?2019) Australian artist and poet
- Madonna Swan
(1928?1993), American Indian writer
- Madonna Tassi
, Canadian vocalist
- Madonna Thunder Hawk
(born 1940), Native American civil rights activist
- Madonna Marie Hines, the birth name of American singer
Marie Hines
Surname
[
edit
]
Alias and stage name
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Marian theological-dogmatic and devotional
perspectives
could vary in Christianity and outside, though it could be contested. For instance, author Spencer L. Allen explains in
The Splintered Divine
(2015) that some scholars "have been tempted to discuss the treatment of Mary [...] in Roman Catholic lay tradition", including British classical scholar
Hugh Lloyd-Jones
with
Marian titles
(including Madonna).
[7]
In this root, the term "Madonna" was according to some authors, derived from terms
domina
/
mistress
, and
mater
/
donna
, used prominently for Egyptian antiquity
mother goddess
,
Isis
, and allegedly
adopted
by Catholic priests for Mary (Mother of Jesus).
[8]
[9]
Historians like
Will Durant
noted the similar correlations, including
Nostra Domina
("Our Lady") previously used for
Cybele
, known in
Ancient Rome
as "The Great Mother of God".
[10]
[11]
These correlations, according to authors like Felix R. Paturi in
Prehistoric Heritage
(1979), were arguably "strongly" rooted within the concept of "Mother of God" (divine mother figure, the
dea Madre
, the great mother or the
Magna Mater
) that appeared constantly in rock paintings of
prehistoric
times in the
southern Europe
, "especially in
Italy
".
[12]
Authors like Judith Taylor (
Monsters and Madonnas
, 1999), sees figures of madonnas as early as primitive religions of ancient man, calling Mary, the "Madonna of contemporary times".
[13]
Egyptologist
Flinders Petrie
goes far as having claimed, "We may even say, that but for the presence of Egypt we should never have seen a Madonna".
[14]
- ^
Some authors have linked and referred the word "Madonna" as a
Biblical name
.
[25]
[26]
However, the Bible makes no mention of the word Madonna,
[27]
neither in its
native language
.
- ^
Its religious/devotional usage for Mary has been associated to the
Renaissance
, although her
artistic representations
have existed before throughout the early Middle Ages (
Sistine Madonna
and
Golden Madonna of Essen
are examples), which according to sources like
Chambers's Encyclopaedia
, those representations proliferated in the 5th century when Mary was declared to be the "Mother of God" (
Council of Ephesus
).
[28]
[29]
In the religious magazine,
The Monthly Packet
(1875), the origins and usage of the word Madonna is defined as an "usual address to a woman" but "when Madonna began to be used especially for the Blessed Virgin, we cannot say".
[30]
According to an
University of Oxford
scholar, "its use [was] very common in early Italian texts", and is in fact "earlier than its devotional use as a term for 'Mother of Christ'".
[17]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
Findlay, Alison (2010).
Women in Shakespeare
.
Bloomsbury Academic
. p. 241.
ISBN
9780826458896
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Stevenson, Angus (1998).
Oxford Dictionary of English
. OUP Oxford. p. 1063.
ISBN
978-0-19-957112-3
. Retrieved
August 2,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
Darowski, Joseph J. (2014).
The Ages of the Avengers: Essays on the Earth's Mightiest Heroes in Changing
.
McFarland & Company
. p. 47.
ISBN
978-0786474585
. Retrieved
August 1,
2022
.
- ^
As per Italian or Latin-language sources. Examples:
- Calderino, Cesare Mirani (1586).
Dictionarium
(in Latin). Felix Valgrisius. p. 41
. Retrieved
February 25,
2024
.
- Ferrari, Ottavio
; Pisauro, Leonardo (1676).
Origines linguae italicae (Octauii Ferrarii)
(in Latin and Italian). typis Petri Mariae Frambotti bibliopolae. p. 133
. Retrieved
February 25,
2024
.
- Battista Chiccheri, Giovanni (1771).
Raccolta di vocaboli italiani, e latini
(in Italian).
Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli
. Retrieved
February 2,
2024
.
- Fiacchi, Luigi
[in Italian]
(1882).
Le Favole di Luigi Clasio
. P. Carrara. p. 262
. Retrieved
November 28,
2023
.
- ^
As per English-language sources. Examples:
- ^
As per Italian-English-language sources:
- ^
Allen, Spencer L. (2015).
The Splintered Divine: A Study of Istar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East
.
De Gruyter
.
ISBN
1614512361
. Retrieved
April 3,
2024
.
- ^
Watson, Thomas Edward
(1911).
"The Roman Catholic Hierarchy"
.
Watson's Magazine
.
13
. Jeffersonian Publishing Company: 105
. Retrieved
February 2,
2024
.
- ^
Seligmann, Kurt
(1948).
The Mirror of Magic: A History of Magic in the Western World
.
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.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
August 1,
2022
.
- ^
Guillaumier, John (November 19, 2005).
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
- ^
Guillaumier, John (October 13, 2019).
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.
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. Retrieved
February 3,
2024
.
- ^
Paturi, Felix R. (1979).
Prehistoric Heritage
.
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.
ISBN
9780684162799
. Retrieved
February 3,
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.
- ^
a
b
c
Gold, Judith Taylor; Gold, Joseph (1999).
Monsters and Madonnas
.
Syracuse University Press
. pp. 5, 40.
ISBN
978-0-8156-0583-6
. Retrieved
February 25,
2024
.
- ^
Petrie, Flinders
(2007).
Religion and Conscience in Ancient Egypt: Lectures Delivered at University College, London
.
Methuen Publishing
. p. 24
. Retrieved
June 3,
2024
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Evans, Cleveland (August 16, 2016).
"
'Madonna' as a name is never in vogue"
.
Omaha World-Herald
. Archived from
the original
on July 18, 2020
. Retrieved
July 31,
2022
.
- ^
Thomas, Siobhan (2020).
Best Baby Names 2021
.
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ISBN
978-1473578623
. Retrieved
August 1,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
Sciama, Lidia (2003).
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. Retrieved
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.
- ^
Fergusson, Rosalind (May 27, 2009).
Perfect Babies' Names
.
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.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
August 1,
2022
.
- ^
Wattenberg, Laura (July 7, 2009).
The Baby Name Wizard: A Magical Method for Finding the Perfect Name for Your Baby
.
Crown Publishing Group
.
ISBN
9780767931595
. Retrieved
August 1,
2022
.
- ^
"Madonna"
.
Merriam-Webster
. Retrieved
August 3,
2022
.
- ^
Freeborn, Dennis (1998).
From Old English to Standard English
.
University of Ottawa Press
. p. 319.
ISBN
9780776604695
.
- ^
Wachtel, Michael (1999).
A Commentary to Pushkin's Lyric Poetry, 1826?1836
.
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. p. 184.
ISBN
978-0-299-28543-2
. Retrieved
February 25,
2024
.
- ^
Blank, Ksana (2010).
Dostoevsky's Dialectics and the Problem of Sin
.
Northwestern University Press
. pp. 82?84.
ISBN
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. Retrieved
June 3,
2024
.
- ^
Sassone, Felipe
(1953).
"La casa sin hombre"
. Editorial Tecnos. p. 9.
- ^
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. BabyNames.com. Archived from
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. Retrieved
May 7,
2024
.
- ^
a
b
Rubin, Neal (March 12, 1991).
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.
The Canberra Times
. p. 14
. Retrieved
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2022
– via
National Library of Australia
.
- ^
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b
Sparrow, Rita; Ya'akova, Uzi Miera (2021).
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. p. 157.
ISBN
9781982267155
.
- ^
"Madison?Madras"
.
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.
W. & R. Chambers
. 1886. p. 250.
- ^
a
b
"The Virgin Mary: Why is the Madonna so popular in art?"
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