Neighborhood in New York City
Lower East Side
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Coordinates:
40°42′54″N
73°59′06″W
/
40.715°N 73.985°W
/
40.715; -73.985
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Country
|
United States
|
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State
|
New York
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City
| New York City
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Borough
| Manhattan
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Community District
| Manhattan 3
[1]
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? Total
| 2.17 km
2
(0.837 sq mi)
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---|
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? Total
| 72,957
|
---|
? Density
| 34,000/km
2
(87,000/sq mi)
|
---|
|
? Hispanic
| 39.6%
|
---|
? Asian
| 24.9%
|
---|
? White
| 22.6%
|
---|
? Black
| 10.9%
|
---|
? Other
| 2.0%
|
---|
|
?
Median income
| $51,649
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC?05:00
(
Eastern
)
|
---|
? Summer (
DST
)
| UTC?04:00
(
EDT
)
|
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ZIP Codes
| 10002
|
---|
Area code
| 212, 332, 646
, and
917
|
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|
Lower East Side Historic District
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Location
| Roughly bounded by
East Houston
,
Essex
,
Canal
, Eldridge,
South
, and
Grand Streets
, and the
Bowery
and
East Broadway
,
Manhattan
,
New York
(original)
Roughly along
Division
, Rutgers,
Madison
,
Henry
and Grand Streets (increase)
|
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Coordinates
| 40°43′2″N
73°59′23″W
/
40.71722°N 73.98972°W
/
40.71722; -73.98972
|
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NRHP reference
No.
| 00001015
(original)
04000297 (increase)
|
---|
Added to NRHP
| September 7, 2000 (original)
May 2, 2006 (increase)
[5]
|
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|
The
Lower East Side
, sometimes abbreviated as
LES
, is a historic
neighborhood
in the southeastern part of
Manhattan
in
New York City
. It is located roughly between the
Bowery
and the
East River
from
Canal
to
Houston
streets. Historically, it was understood to encompass a much larger area, from
Broadway
to the East River and from
East 14th Street
to
Fulton
and Franklin Streets.
Traditionally an immigrant,
working class
neighborhood, it began rapid
gentrification
in the mid-2000s, prompting the
National Trust for Historic Preservation
to place the neighborhood on their list of
America's Most Endangered Places
in 2008.
[6]
[7]
The Lower East Side is part of
Manhattan Community District 3
, and its primary
ZIP Code
is 10002.
[1]
It is patrolled by the 7th Precinct of the
New York City Police Department
.
Boundaries
[
edit
]
The Lower East Side is roughly bounded by
East 14th Street
on the north, by the
East River
to the east, by
Fulton
and Franklin Streets to the south, and by
Pearl Street
and
Broadway
to the west. This more extensive definition of the neighborhood includes
Chinatown
, the
East Village
, and
Little Italy
.
[8]
A less extensive definition would have the neighborhood bordered in the south and west by
Chinatown
, ? which extends north to roughly Grand Street ? in the west by
Nolita
and in the north by the
East Village
.
[9]
[10]
Historically, the "Lower East Side" referred to the area alongside the
East River
from about the
Manhattan Bridge
and
Canal Street
up to
14th Street
, and roughly bounded on the west by
Broadway
. It included areas known today as
East Village
,
Alphabet City
,
Chinatown
,
Bowery
,
Little Italy
, and
NoLIta
. Parts of the East Village are still known as
Loisaida
, a
Latino
pronunciation of "Lower East Side".
Political representation
[
edit
]
Politically, the neighborhood is in
New York's 7th
[11]
and
12th
[12]
congressional districts.
[13]
It is in the
New York State Assembly
's 65th district and 74th district;
[14]
[15]
the
New York State Senate
's 26th district;
[16]
and
New York City Council
's 1st and 2nd districts.
[17]
History
[
edit
]
Prior to Europeans
[
edit
]
As was true of all of Manhattan Island, the area now known as the Lower East Side was occupied by members of the
Lenape
tribe, who were organized in bands that moved from place to place according to the seasons, fishing on the rivers in the summer, and moving inland in the fall and winter to gather crops and hunt for food. Their main trail took approximately the route of
Broadway
. One encampment in the Lower East Side area, near
Corlears Hook
was called Rechtauck or Naghtogack.
[18]
Early settlement
[
edit
]
The population of the Dutch colony of
New Amsterdam
was located primarily below the current
Fulton Street
, while north of it were a number of small plantations and large farms called "
bouwerij
" ("bowery", equivalent to "
boerderij
" in present-day Dutch). Around these farms were a number of enclaves of free or "half-free" Africans, which served as a buffer between the Dutch and the Native Americans. One of the largest of these was located along the modern
Bowery
between Prince Street and
Astor Place
, as well as the "only separate enclave" of this type within Manhattan.
[19]
These black farmers were some of the earliest settlers of the area.
[20]
Gradually, during the 17th century, there was an overall consolidation of the boweries and farms into larger parcels, and much of the Lower East Side was then part of the Delancey farm.
[20]
James Delancey
's pre-Revolutionary farm east of
post road
leading from the city (
Bowery
) survives in the names
Delancey Street
and
Orchard Street
. On the modern map of Manhattan, the Delancey farm
[21]
is represented in the grid of streets from Division Street north to Houston Street.
[22]
In response to the pressures of a growing city, Delancey began to survey streets in the southern part of the "West Farm"
[23]
in the 1760s. A spacious projected
Delancey Square
?intended to cover the area within today's Eldridge, Essex, Hester and Broome Streets?was eliminated when the
loyalist
Delancey family's property was confiscated after the
American Revolution
. The city Commissioners of Forfeiture eliminated the aristocratic planned square for a grid, effacing Delancey's vision of a New York laid out like the
West End of London
.
Corlears Hook
[
edit
]
The point of land on the East River now called
Corlears Hook
was also called
Corlaers Hook
under Dutch and British rule and briefly
Crown Point
during British occupation in the Revolution. It was named after the schoolmaster Jacobus van Corlaer, who settled on this "plantation" that in 1638 was called by a Europeanized version of its
Lenape name
,
Nechtans
[24]
or
Nechtanc
.
[25]
Corlaer sold the plantation to
Wilhelmus Hendrickse Beekman
(1623?1707), founder of the Beekman family of New York; his son
Gerardus Beekman
was christened at the plantation on August 17, 1653.
On February 25, 1643, as part of
Kieft's War
, volunteers from the
New Amsterdam
colony killed forty
Wiechquaesgecks
at their encampment in the
Massacre at Corlears Hook
,
[26]
in retaliation for ongoing conflicts between the colonists and the natives of the area, including the natives' unwillingness to pay tribute and their refusal to turn over the accused killer of a colonist.
[27]
The projection into the East River that retained Corlaer's name was an important landmark for navigators for 300 years. On older maps and documents, it is usually spelled
Corlaers
Hook, but since the early 19th century, the spelling has been anglicized to
Corlears
. The rough unplanned settlement that developed at Corlaer's Hook under the British occupation of New York during the Revolution was separated from the densely populated city by rugged hills of glacial till: "this region lay beyond the city proper, from which it was separated by high, uncultivated, and rough hills", observers recalled in 1843.
[28]
As early as 1816, Corlears Hook was notorious for
streetwalkers
, "a resort for the lewd and abandoned of both sexes", and in 1821 its "streets abounding every night with preconcerted groups of thieves and prostitutes" were noted by
The Christian Herald
.
[29]
In the course of the 19th century, they came to be called
hookers
.
[30]
In the 1832 summer of New York City's
cholera
epidemic, a two-story wooden workshop in the neighborhood was commandeered to serve as a makeshift cholera hospital; between July 18 and September 15, when the hospital was closed as the epidemic wound down, 281 patients were admitted, both black and white, of whom 93 died.
[31]
In 1833, Corlear's Hook was the location of some of the first
tenements
built in New York City.
[20]
Corlears Hook is mentioned on the first page of Chapter 1 of
Herman Melville
's
Moby Dick
, first published in 1851: "Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon. Go from Corlears Hook to
Coenties Slip
, and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see? ..." and again in Chapter 99?The Doubloon.
The original location of Corlears Hook is now obscured by shoreline landfill.
[32]
It was near the east end of the present pedestrian bridge over the
FDR Drive
near
Cherry Street
. The name is preserved in
Corlears Hook Park
at the intersection of Jackson and
Cherry Streets
along the East River Drive.
[33]
Immigration
[
edit
]
The bulk of immigrants who came to New York City in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to the Lower East Side, moving into crowded
tenements
there.
[34]
By the 1840s, large numbers of German immigrants settled in the area, and a large part of it became known as "
Little Germany
" or "Kleindeutschland".
[20]
[35]
This was followed by groups of Italians and Eastern European Jews, as well as Greeks, Hungarians, Poles, Romanians, Russians, Slovaks and Ukrainians, each of whom settled in relatively homogeneous enclaves. By 1920, the Jewish neighborhood was one of the largest of these ethnic groupings, with 400,000 people, pushcart vendors and storefronts prominent on
Orchard
and
Grand
Streets, and numerous
Yiddish theatres
along
Second Avenue
between
Houston
and
14th
Streets.
[20]
Living conditions in these "slum" areas were far from ideal, although some improvement came from a change in the zoning laws, which required
"new law"
tenements to be built with air shafts between them so that fresh air and some light could reach each apartment. Still, reform movements, such as the one started by
Jacob Riis
's book
How the Other Half Lives
continued to attempt to alleviate the problems of the area through
settlement houses
, such as the
Henry Street Settlement
, and other welfare and service agencies. The city itself moved to address the problem when it built
First Houses
, the first such
public housing project
in the United States, in 1935?1936. The development, located on the south side of
East 3rd Street
between
First Avenue
and
Avenue A
, and on the west side of Avenue A between
East 2nd
and East 3rd Streets, is now considered to be located within the East Village.
[20]
20th century
[
edit
]
By the turn of the twentieth century, the neighborhood had become closely associated with radical politics, such as
anarchism
,
socialism
, and
communism
. It was also known as a place where many popular performers had grown up, such as
Eddie Cantor
,
Al Jolson
,
George
and
Ira Gershwin
,
Jimmy Durante
, and
Irving Berlin
. Later, more radical artists such as the
Beat
poets and writers were drawn to the neighborhood ? especially the parts which later became the East Village ? by the inexpensive housing and cheap food.
[20]
The German population
decreased
in the early twentieth century as a result of the
General Slocum
disaster and due to anti-German sentiment prompted by
World War I
. After
World War II
, the Lower East Side became New York City's first racially integrated neighborhood with the influx of
African Americans
and
Puerto Ricans
. Areas where Spanish speaking was predominant began to be called
Loisaida
.
[20]
By the 1960s, the influence of the Jewish and Eastern European groups declined as many of these residents had left the area, while other ethnic groups had coalesced into separate neighborhoods, such as
Little Italy
. The Lower East Side then experienced a period of "persistent poverty, crime, drugs, and abandoned housing".
[20]
A substantial portion of the neighborhood was slated for demolition under the Cooper Square Urban Renewal Plan of 1956, which was to redevelop the area from Ninth to
Delancey Streets
from the Bowery/Third Avenue to
Chrystie Street
/Second Avenue with new privately owned
cooperative housing
.
[34]
: 38
[36]
The
United Housing Foundation
was selected as the sponsor for the project, which faced great opposition from the community.
[37]
Neither the original large-scale development nor a 1961 revised proposal was implemented,
[34]
: 39
and it was not until 1991 that an agreement was made to redevelop a small portion of the proposed renewal site.
[38]
East Village split and gentrification
[
edit
]
The Hotel on Rivington was completed in 2005
The
East Village
was once considered the Lower East Side's northwest corner. However, in the 1960s, the demographics of the area above
Houston Street
began to change as
hipsters
, musicians, and artists moved in. Newcomers and real estate brokers popularized the East Village name, and the term was adopted by the popular media by the mid-1960s. As the East Village developed a culture separate from the rest of the Lower East Side, the two areas came to be seen as two separate neighborhoods rather than the former being part of the latter.
[39]
[40]
By the 1980s, the Lower East Side had begun to stabilize after its period of
decline
, and once again began to attract students, artists, and adventurous members of the
middle-class
, as well as immigrants from countries such as Taiwan, Indonesia,
Bangladesh
, China, the
Dominican Republic
, India,
Japan
, Korea,
the Philippines
, and Poland.
[20]
In the early 2000s, the gentrification of the East Village spread to the Lower East Side proper, making it one of the trendiest neighborhoods in Manhattan.
Orchard Street
, despite its "Bargain District" moniker, is now lined with upscale boutiques. Similarly, trendy restaurants, including
Clinton St. Baking Company & Restaurant
, are found on a stretch of tree-lined Clinton Street that
New York Magazine
described as the "hippest restaurant row" on the Lower East Side.
[41]
[42]
In November 2007, the
Blue Condominium
, a 32-unit, 16-story luxury condominium tower, was completed at 105 Norfolk Street just north of Delancey Street. The pixellated, faceted blue design starkly contrasts with the surrounding neighborhood.
[43]
Following the construction of the Hotel on Rivington one block away, several luxury condominiums around Houston, and the
New Museum
on
Bowery
, this new wave of construction is another sign that the gentrification cycle is entering a high-luxury phase similar to in
SoHo
and
Nolita
in the previous decade.
More recently, the gentrification that was previously confined to the north of Delancey Street continued south. Several restaurants, bars, and galleries opened below Delancey Street after 2005, especially around the intersection of Broome and Orchard Streets. The neighborhood's second boutique hotel, Blue Moon Hotel, opened on Orchard Street just south of Delancey Street in early 2006. However, unlike The Hotel on Rivington, the Blue Moon used an existing tenement building, and its exterior is almost identical to neighboring buildings. In September 2013, it was announced that the
Essex Crossing
redevelopment project was to be built in the area, centered around the intersection of Essex and Delancey Streets, but mostly utilizing land south of Delancey Street.
[44]
Demographics
[
edit
]
The census tabulation area for the Lower East Side is bounded to the north by
14th Street
and to the west by
Avenue B
, Norfolk Street,
Essex Street
, and
Pike Street
. According to the
2010 United States Census
, the population of Lower East Side was 72,957, an increase of 699 (1.0%) from the 72,258 counted in
2000
. Covering an area of 535.91 acres (216.88 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 136.1 inhabitants per acre (87,100/sq mi; 33,600/km
2
).
[2]
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 22.6% (16,453)
White
, 10.9% (7,931)
African American
, 0.2% (142)
Native American
, 24.9% (18,166)
Asian
, 0.0% (13)
Pacific Islander
, 0.3% (191) from
other races
, and 1.6% (1,191) from two or more races.
Hispanic
or
Latino
residents of any race were 39.6% (28,870) of the population.
[3]
The racial composition of the Lower East Side changed moderately from 2000 to 2010, with the most significant changes being the White population's increase by 18% (2,514), the Asian population's increase by 10% (1,673), and the Hispanic / Latino population's decrease by 10% (3,219). The minority Black population experienced a slight increase by 1% (41), while the very small population of all other races decreased by 17% (310).
[45]
The Lower East Side lies in
Manhattan Community District 3
, which encompasses the Lower East Side, the
East Village
and
Chinatown
. Community District 3 had 171,103 inhabitants as of
NYC Health
's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 82.2 years.
[46]
: 2, 20
This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.
[47]
: 53 (PDF p. 84)
Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (35%) are between the ages of 25?44, while 25% are between 45?64, and 16% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 13% and 11%, respectively.
[46]
: 2
As of 2017, the median
household income
in Community District 3 was $39,584,
[48]
though the median income in the Lower East Side individually was $51,649.
[4]
In 2018, an estimated 18% of Community District 3 residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 48% in Community District 3, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018
[update]
, Community District 3 was considered to be
gentrifying
: according to the Community Health Profile, the district was low-income in 1990 and has seen above-median rent growth up to 2010.
[46]
: 7
Culture
[
edit
]
Immigrant neighborhood
[
edit
]
One of the oldest neighborhoods of the city, the Lower East Side has long been a lower-class
worker
neighborhood and often a poor and ethnically diverse section of New York. As well as
Irish
,
Italians
,
Poles
,
Ukrainians
, and other ethnic groups, it once had a sizeable
German
population and was known as
Little Germany (Kleindeutschland)
. Today it is a predominantly
Puerto Rican
and
Dominican
community, and in the process of
gentrification
(as documented by the portraits of its residents in the Clinton+Rivington chapter of The Corners Project.)
[49]
Since the immigration waves from Eastern Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century, the Lower East Side became known as having been a center of
Jewish
immigrant culture. In her 2000 book
Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America
,
Hasia Diner
explains that the Lower East Side is especially remembered as a place of Jewish beginnings for Ashkenazi American Jewish culture.
[50]
Vestiges of the area's Jewish heritage exist in shops on
Hester
and
Essex Streets
, and on
Grand Street
near Allen Street. An Orthodox Jewish community is based in the area, operating
yeshiva
day schools and a
mikvah
. A few
Judaica
shops can be found along Essex Street, as are a few
Jewish scribes
and variety stores. Some kosher delis and bakeries, as well as a few "
kosher style
" delis, including the famous
Katz's Deli
, are located in the neighborhood. Second Avenue in the Lower East Side was home to many
Yiddish theatre
productions in the
Yiddish Theater District
during the early part of the 20th century, and Second Avenue came to be known as “Yiddish Broadway”, even though most of the theaters are now gone. Songwriter
Irving Berlin
, actor
John Garfield
, and singer
Eddie Cantor
grew up here.
Since the mid-20th century, the area has been settled primarily by immigrants, primarily from
Latin America
, especially Central America and Puerto Rico. They have established their own groceries and shops, marketing goods from their culture and cuisine.
Bodegas
have replaced Jewish shops, and there are mostly
Roman Catholics
.
In what is now the
East Village
, earlier populations of Poles and Ukrainians have moved on and been largely supplanted by newer immigrants. The immigration of numerous Japanese people over the last fifteen years or so has led to the proliferation of Japanese restaurants and specialty food markets. There is also a notable population of
Bangladeshis
and other immigrants from
Muslim
countries, many of whom are congregants of the small Madina Masjid, a
mosque
on
First Avenue
and 11th Street.
The neighborhood still has many historic synagogues, such as the
Bialystoker Synagogue
,
[51]
Beth Hamedrash Hagadol
, the
Eldridge Street Synagogue
,
[52]
Kehila Kedosha Janina
(the only Greek synagogue in the Western Hemisphere),
[53]
the
Angel Orensanz Center
(the fourth
oldest synagogue building
in the United States), and various smaller synagogues along East Broadway. Another landmark, the
First Roumanian-American congregation
(the Rivington Street Synagogue), partially collapsed in 2006 and was subsequently demolished. In addition, there is a major
Hare Krishna
temple
and several
Buddhist
houses of worship.
Chinese
residents have also been moving into Lower East Side, and since the late 20th century, they have comprised a large immigrant group in the area. The part of the neighborhood south of
Delancey Street
and west of
Allen Street
has, in large measure, become part of
Chinatown
.
Grand Street
is one of the major business and shopping streets of Chinatown. Also contained within the neighborhood are strips of
lighting
and restaurant supply shops on the Bowery.
Jewish neighborhood
[
edit
]
While the Lower East Side has been a place of successive immigrant populations, many American Jews relate to the neighborhood in a strong manner, and
Chinatown
holds a special place in the imagination of Chinese Americans,
[54]
[55]
just as
Astoria
in Queens holds a place in the hearts of
Greek Americans
. It was a hub for ancestors of many people in the metropolitan area, and much depicted in fiction and films.
Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem
, established in 1907, was long led by
Moshe Feinstein
.
[56]
In the late 20th century, Jewish communities have worked to preserve a number of buildings historically associated with the Jewish immigrant community.
[57]
[58]
[59]
Notable sites include:
Synagogues
include:
Little Fuzhou, Chinatown
[
edit
]
Little Fuzhou
(
Chinese
:
小福州
;
pinyin
:
Xi?o Fuzh?u
;
Foochow Romanized
:
Si?u-hok-ci?
), or
Fuzhou Town
(
Chinese
:
福州埠
;
pinyin
:
Fuzh?u Bu
;
Foochow Romanized
:
Hok-ci?-pu
) is a neighborhood within the eastern sliver of
Chinatown
, in the
Two Bridges
and Lower East Side areas of Manhattan. Starting in the 1980s and by the 1990s, the neighborhood became a prime destination for
immigrants from
Fuzhou, Fujian
, China. Manhattan's Little Fuzhou is centered on
East Broadway
. However, since the 2000s,
Chinatown, Brooklyn
became New York City's new primary destination for Fuzhou immigrants, resulting in a second Little Fuzhou that has far surpassed the original as the Fuzhou cultural center of the
New York metropolitan area
, and is still rapidly growing in contrast to Manhattan's Little Fuzhou that is shrinking under
gentrification
.
Since the 2010s, the Fuzhou immigrant population and businesses have been declining throughout the whole eastern portion of Manhattan's Chinatown due to gentrification. There is a rapidly increasing influx of high-income, often non-Chinese,
professionals
moving into this area, including high-end
hipster
-owned businesses.
[67]
[68]
The neighborhood has become home to numerous
contemporary art
galleries. One of the first was
ABC No Rio
.
[69]
Begun by a group of
Colab
no wave
artists (some living on
Ludlow Street
), ABC No Rio opened an outsider gallery space that invited community participation and encouraged the widespread production of art. Taking an activist approach to art that grew out of The Real Estate Show (the take over of an abandoned building by artists to open an outsider gallery only to have it chained closed by the police) ABC No Rio kept its sense of
activism
, community, and outsiderness. The product of this open, expansive approach to art was a space for creating new works that did not have links to the art market place and that were able to explore new artistic possibilities.
Other outsider galleries sprung up throughout the Lower East Side and East Village?some 200 at the height of the scene in the 1980s, including the
124 Ridge Street Gallery
among others. In December 2007, the
New Museum
relocated to a brand-new, critically acclaimed building on Bowery at Prince. A growing number of galleries are opening in the Bowery neighborhood to be in close proximity to the museum. The
Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space
, which opened in 2012, exhibits photography featuring the neighborhood in addition to chronicling its history of activism.
Social service agencies like
Henry Street Settlement
and
Educational Alliance
have visual and performing arts programs, the former at
Abrons Arts Center
, a home for contemporary interdisciplinary arts.
The neighborhood is also home to several graffiti artists, such as
Chico
and
Jean-Michel Basquiat
.
Nightlife and live music
[
edit
]
As the neighborhood has gentrified and become safer at night, it has transformed into a popular late-night destination. Orchard,
Ludlow
and Essex between Rivington Street and
Stanton Street
have become especially packed at night, and the resulting noise is a cause of tension between bar owners and longtime residents.
[70]
[71]
Furthermore, as gentrification continues, many established landmarks and venues have been lost.
[72]
The Lower East Side is also home to many live music venues. Punk bands played at
C-Squat
and
alternative rock
bands play at
Bowery Ballroom
on
Delancey Street
and
Mercury Lounge
on East Houston Street. Punk bands play at Otto's Shrunken Head and R-Bar. Punk and alternative bands play at
Bowery Electric
just north of the old
CBGB's
location.
[73]
There are also bars that offer performance space, such as Pianos on
Ludlow Street
and
Arlene's Grocery
on Stanton Street.
The Lower East Side is the location of
the Slipper Room
, a burlesque, variety and vaudeville theatre on Orchard and Stanton.
Lady Gaga
,
Leonard Cohen
and
U2
have all appeared there, while popular downtown performers?including Dirty Martini, Murray Hill, and Matt Fraser?often appear. Variety shows are regularly hosted by comedians James Habacker,
Bradford Scobie
, Matthew Holtzclaw, and
Matt Roper
, under the guise of various characters.
Police and crime
[
edit
]
The
NYPD
7th Precinct (top) and
FDNY
Engine Co. 15/Ladder Co. 18/Battalion 4 (bottom) are housed in the same building
The Lower East Side is patrolled by the 7th Precinct of the
NYPD
, located at
19
+
1
⁄
2
Pitt Street.
[74]
The 7th Precinct, along with the neighboring 5th Precinct, ranked 48th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.
[75]
As of 2018
[update]
, with a non-fatal assault rate of 42 per 100,000 people, the Lower East Side and East Village's rate of
violent crimes
per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 449 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.
[46]
: 8
The 7th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 64.8% between 1990 and 2019. The precinct reported 0 murders, 7 rapes, 149 robberies, 187 felony assaults, 94 burglaries, 507 grand larcenies, and 18 grand larcenies auto in 2019.
[76]
Fire safety
[
edit
]
The Lower East Side is served by two
New York City Fire Department
(FDNY) fire stations:
[77]
- Engine Company 15/Ladder Company 18/Battalion 4 ? 25 Pitt Street
[78]
- Engine Company 9/Ladder Company 6 ? 75 Canal Street
[79]
Health
[
edit
]
As of 2018
[update]
,
preterm births
and births to teenage mothers are less common in the Lower East Side and East Village than in other places citywide. In the Lower East Side and East Village, there were 82 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 10.1 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).
[46]
: 11
The Lower East Side and East Village have a low population of residents who are
uninsured
. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11%, slightly less than the citywide rate of 12%.
[46]
: 14
The concentration of
fine particulate matter
, the deadliest type of
air pollutant
, in the Lower East Side and East Village is 0.0089 milligrams per cubic metre (8.9
×
10
?9
oz/cu ft), more than the city average.
[46]
: 9
Twenty percent of Lower East Side and East Village residents are
smokers
, which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.
[46]
: 13
In the Lower East Side and East Village, 10% of residents are
obese
, 11% are
diabetic
, and 22% have
high blood pressure
?compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.
[46]
: 16
In addition, 16% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.
[46]
: 12
Eighty-eight percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is about the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 70% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", less than the city's average of 78%.
[46]
: 13
For every supermarket in the Lower East Side and East Village, there are 18
bodegas
.
[46]
: 10
The nearest major hospitals are
Beth Israel Medical Center
in
Stuyvesant Town
, as well as the
Bellevue Hospital Center
and
NYU Langone Medical Center
in
Kips Bay
, and
NewYork-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital
in the
Civic Center
area.
[80]
[81]
In addition,
FDNY EMS
Division 1/Station 4 is located on Pier 39.
Post offices and ZIP Code
[
edit
]
The Lower East Side is located within the
ZIP Code
10002.
[82]
The
United States Postal Service
operates two post offices in the Lower East Side:
Education
[
edit
]
The Lower East Side and East Village generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018
[update]
. A plurality of residents age 25 and older (48%) have a college education or higher, while 24% have less than a high school education and 28% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.
[46]
: 6
The percentage of Lower East Side and East Village students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.
[85]
The Lower East Side and East Village's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In the Lower East Side and East Village, 16% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per
school year
, less than the citywide average of 20%.
[47]
: 24 (PDF p. 55)
[46]
: 6
Additionally, 77% of high school students in the Lower East Side and East Village graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.
[46]
: 6
Schools
[
edit
]
The
New York City Department of Education
operates public schools in the Lower East Side as part of Community School District 1.
[86]
District 1 does not contain any zoned schools, which means that students living in District 1 can apply to any school in the district, including
those in the East Village
.
[87]
[88]
The following public elementary schools are located in the Lower East Side, serving grades PK-5 unless otherwise indicated:
[86]
The following public
elementary/middle schools
are located in the Lower East Side, serving grades PK-8 unless otherwise indicated:
[86]
- PS 126 Jacob August Riis
[97]
- PS 140 Nathan Straus
[98]
- PS 184 Shuang Wen
[99]
- PS 188 The Island School
[100]
? Due to the large number of homeless students (which make up nearly half of the student population), the rosters often change and students are often absent.
[101]
- East Village Community School (grades PK?5)
[102]
The following public middle and high schools are located in the Lower East Side:
[86]
- Orchard Collegiate Academy (grades 9?12)
[103]
- School for Global Leaders (grades 6?8)
[104]
- University Neighborhood Middle School (grades 5?8)
[105]
The Lower East Side Preparatory High School (LESPH) and Emma Lazarus High School (ELHS) are
second-chance schools
that enable students, aged 17?21, to obtain their
high school diplomas
. LESPH is a
bilingual
Chinese
-English school with a high proportion of Asian students. ELHS' instructional model is English-immersion with an ethnically diverse student body.
The
Seward Park Campus
comprises five schools with an average graduation rate of about 80%. The original school in the building was opened 1929 and closed 2006.
[106]
Libraries
[
edit
]
The
New York Public Library
(NYPL) operates two branches in the Lower East Side. The Seward Park branch is located at 4192 East Broadway. It was founded by the Aguilar Free Library Society in 1886, and the current three-story
Carnegie library
building was opened in 1909 and renovated in 2004.
[107]
The Hamilton Fish Park branch is located at 415 East Houston Street. It was originally built as a Carnegie library in 1909, but was torn down when Houston Street was expanded; the current one-story structure was completed in 1960.
[108]
Parks
[
edit
]
The Lower East Side is home to private parks, such as
La Plaza Cultural
.
[109]
There are also several public parks in the area, including
Sara D. Roosevelt Park
between Chrystie and Forsyth Streets from Houston to Canal Streets,
[110]
as well as
Seward Park
on Essex Street between Hester Street and East Broadway.
[111]
The East River shorefront contains the
John V. Lindsay East River Park
, a public park running between East 12th Street in the East Village and Montgomery Street in the Lower East Side.
[112]
Planned for the waterfront is
Pier 42
, the first section of which is scheduled to open in 2021.
[113]
Transportation
[
edit
]
There are multiple
New York City Subway
stations in the neighborhood, including
Grand Street
(
B
and
D
trains),
Bowery
(
J
and
Z
trains),
Second Avenue
(
F
and
<F>
trains),
Delancey Street?Essex Street
(
F
,
<F>
,
J
,
M
, and
Z
trains), and
East Broadway
(
F
and
<F>
trains).
[114]
New York City Bus
routes include
M9
,
M14A SBS
,
M14D SBS
,
M15
,
M15 SBS
,
M21
,
M22
,
M103
and
B39
.
[115]
The
Williamsburg Bridge
and
Manhattan Bridge
connect the Lower East Side to
Brooklyn
. The
FDR Drive
is on the neighborhood's south and east ends.
[116]
As of 2018
[update]
, thirty-seven percent of roads in the Lower East Side have
bike lanes
.
[46]
: 10
Bike lanes are present on
Allen
, Chrystie, Clinton, Delancey, Grand, Houston, Montgomery, Madison,
Rivington
,
Stanton
, and Suffolk Streets; Bowery, East Broadway, and FDR Drive; the Williamsburg and Manhattan bridges; and the
East River Greenway
.
[117]
The Lower East Side is served by
NYC Ferry
's Lower East Side route, which stops at Corlears Hook in the
East River Park
.
[118]
The service started operating on August 29, 2018.
[119]
[120]
In popular culture
[
edit
]
Children's literature
Novels
Songs
Plays
Films
Television
Video games
Music videos
Notable residents
[
edit
]
- Adrienne Bailon
(born 1983), television personality, singer, and actress
[138]
- George Barris
(1922?2016), photographer and photojournalist
[139]
- Sy Berger
(1923?2014), baseball card designer with
Topps
[140]
- Mark Bloch
(born 1956), artist and writer
- Joseph B. Bloomingdale
(1842?1904), businessman
[141]
- Lyman G. Bloomingdale
(1841?1905), businessman and philanthropist
[141]
- Arlyne Brickman
(1934?2020), mafia informant
[142]
- Lepke Buchalter
(1897?1944), mobster and head of
Murder, Inc.
[143]
- George Burns
(1896?1996), comedian, actor, writer, and singer
[144]
- James Cagney
(1899?1986), actor, dancer, and film director
[145]
- Sammy Cahn
(1913?1993), lyricist, songwriter, and musician
[146]
- Michael Che
(born 1983), stand-up comedian, actor, and writer
[147]
- Joshua Lionel Cowen
(1877?1965), inventor
[148]
- Jimmy Durante
(1893?1980), comedian, actor, singer, and pianist
[149]
- Monk Eastman
(1875?1920), gangster
[150]
- Miriam Friedlander
(1914?2009), politician
[151]
- Lady Gaga
(born 1986), singer, songwriter, and actress
[152]
- John Garfield
(1913?1952), actor
[153]
- Ben Gazzara
(1930?2012), actor and director
[154]
- George Gershwin
(1898?1937), composer and pianist
[
citation needed
]
- Vincent Gigante
(1928?2005), mobster
[155]
- Lotti Golden
(born 1949), singer-songwriter, record producer, poet, and artist
[156]
- Marcus Goldman
(1821?1904), investment banker, businessman, and financier
[
citation needed
]
- Ralph Goldstein
(1913?1997), Olympic epee fencer
[157]
- Ruby Goldstein
(1907?1984), professional boxer and prize fight referee
[158]
- Samuel Gompers
(1850?1924), cigar maker and labor union leader
[159]
- David Gordon
(1936?2022), post-modern dancer, choreographer, and theatrical director
[160]
- Stephen Grammauta
(1916?2016), mobster
[161]
- Rocky Graziano
(1919?1990), professional boxer and actor
[162]
- Samuel Greenberg
(1893?1917), poet and artist
[163]
- David Greenglass
(1922?2014), machinist and atomic spy
[164]
- Sally Gross
(1933?2015), dancer and choreographer
[165]
- Luis Guzman
(born 1956), actor
[166]
- Maggie Gyllenhaal
(born 1977), actress and filmmaker
[167]
- Yip Harburg
(1896?1981), song lyricist and librettist
[168]
- Lazarus Joseph
(1891?1966), lawyer and politician
[169]
- Jane Katz
(born 1943), educator, author, and Olympic swimmer
[170]
- Jack Kirby
(1917?1994), comic book artist, writer, and editor
[171]
- LA II
(born 1967), graffiti and visual artist
[172]
- Fiorello LaGuardia
(1882?1947), attorney and politician
- Meyer Lansky
(1902?1983), organized crime figure
- Emanuel Lehman
(1827?1907), businessman and banker
- Henry Lehman
(1822?1855), businessman and banker
- Mayer Lehman
(1830?1897), businessman, banker, and philanthropist
- Saul Leiter
(1923?2013), photographer and painter
- Melissa Leo
(born 1960), actress
[173]
- Lucky Luciano
(1897?1962), gangster
- Sidney Lumet
(1924?2011), film director
- Madonna
(born 1958), singer, songwriter, and actress
[174]
- Joseph Mankiewicz
(1909?1993), film director, screenwriter, and producer
- Jackie Mason
(1931?2021), stand-up comedian and actor
- Walter Matthau
(1920?2000), actor, comedian, and film director
- Julia Migenes
(born 1949), soprano
- Zero Mostel
(1915?1977), actor, comedian, and singer
- Jim Neu
(1943?2010), playwright
- Mikhail Odnoralov
(1944?2016), artist
- Charlie Parker
(1920?1955), jazz saxophonist, band leader, and composer
- Genesis P-Orridge
(1950?2020), singer-songwriter, musician, poet, performance artist, visual artist, and occultist
- Anthony Provenzano
(1917?1988), mobster
- Lee Quinones
(born 1960), artist and actor
- Lou Reed
(1942?2013), musician, songwriter, and poet
- Edward G. Robinson
(1893?1973), actor
- Sonny Rollins
(born 1930), jazz tenor saxophonist
- Joseph Seligman
(1819?1880), banker and businessman
- Bugsy Siegel
(1906?1947), mobster
- Sheldon Silver
(1944?2022), politician and attorney
[175]
- Al Singer
(1909?1961), professional boxer
[176]
- Mose Solomon
(1900?1966), professional baseball player
- David South
, musician and filmmaker
- John Spacely
(died 1993), musician, actor, and nightlife personality
[177]
- Ysanne Spevack
(born 1972), composer, conductor, and arranger; changed her name in 2018 to Meena Ysanne
- Johnny Thunders
(1952?1991), guitarist, singer, and songwriter
- Rachel Trachtenburg
(born 1993), musician and singer
- Luther Vandross
(1951?2005), singer, songwriter, and record producer
- B. D. Wong
(born 1960), actor
- Christopher Woodrow
(born 1977), entrepreneur, financier, and movie producer
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
Notes
- ^
a
b
"NYC Planning | Community Profiles"
.
communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov
. New York City Department of City Planning
. Retrieved
March 18,
2019
.
- ^
a
b
c
Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre ? New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
, Population Division ?
New York City
Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
- ^
a
b
Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin ? New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
, Population Division ?
New York City
Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
- ^
a
b
"Lower East Side neighborhood in New York"
. Retrieved
March 18,
2019
.
- ^
"National Register Information System"
.
National Register of Historic Places
.
National Park Service
. April 15, 2008.
- ^
Barrett, Devlin.
"Threats to history seen in budget cuts, bulldozers"
. Yahoo! News. Archived from
the original
on June 3, 2008
. Retrieved
March 16,
2010
.
- ^
Salkin, Allen (June 3, 2007).
"Lower East Side Is Under a Groove"
.
The New York Times
. p. 1
. Retrieved
October 6,
2012
.
- ^
Hodges "Lower East Side" in
Jackson, Kenneth T.
, ed. (2010).
The Encyclopedia of New York City
(2nd ed.). New Haven:
Yale University Press
. p. 769.
ISBN
978-0-300-11465-2
.
- ^
Virshup, Amy.
"New York Nabes"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
January 13,
2007
.
- ^
McEvers, Kelly (March 2, 2005).
"Close-Up on the Lower East Side"
. Village Voice. Archived from
the original
on October 23, 2006
. Retrieved
January 13,
2007
.
- ^
Congressional District 7
, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
Congressional District 12
, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
New York City Congressional Districts
, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
Assembly District 65
, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
Assembly District 74
, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
Senate District 26
, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
Current City Council Districts for New York County
,
New York City
. Accessed May 5, 2017.
- ^
Brazee (2012), p.8
- ^
Brazee (2012), p.8-9
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
Hodges, Graham. "Lower East Side" in
Jackson, Kenneth T.
, ed. (2010).
The Encyclopedia of New York City
(2nd ed.). New Haven:
Yale University Press
.
ISBN
978-0-300-11465-2
.
, pp.769?770
- ^
The Delancey town house later became
Fraunces Tavern
.
- ^
"Gilbert Tauber, "Old Streets of New York: Delancey Farm grid"
"
. Oldstreets.com
. Retrieved
May 14,
2011
.
- ^
The division between the "West Farm" and the "East farm" ran approximately along today's Clinton Street, according to Eric Homberger,
The Historical Atlas of New York City: a visual celebration of nearly 400 years
2005:60?61.
- ^
Van Winkle, Edward; Vinckeboons, Joan; van Rensselaer, Kiliaen.
Manhattan, 1624?1639
1916:13; Jacob, whose name was anglicised as "van Curler", leased it to William Hendriesen and Gysbert Cornelisson in September 1640; date given as "prior to 1640":
"Corlears Park"
. Nycgovparks.org. November 17, 2001
. Retrieved
March 16,
2010
.
- ^
Nechtanc
, in K. Scott and K. Stryker-Rodda, eds.
New York Historical Manuscripts: Dutch
, vol. 1 (Baltimore) 1974 and R.S. Grumet,
Native American Place-Names in New York City
(New York) 1981, both noted in Eric W. Sanderson,
Mannahatta: A Natural History of New York City
2009:262.
- ^
Newcomb, Steven (September 12, 2018).
"A Dutch Massacre of Our Lenape Ancestors on Manhattan"
.
Indian Country Today
. Retrieved
June 10,
2021
.
- ^
Burrows, Edwin G.
and
Wallace, Mike
(1999).
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
. New York:
Oxford University Press
. pp. 38?39.
ISBN
0-195-11634-8
.
- ^
Edwin Francis Hatfield, Samuel Hanson Cox,
Patient Continuance in Well-doing: a memoir of Elihu W. Baldwin
, 1843:183.
- ^
Edwin Francis Hatfield, Samuel Hanson Cox,
Patient Continuance in Well-doing: a memoir of Elihu W. Baldwin
, 1843:183f.
- ^
Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms
(1859): "hooker": 'A resident of the Hook, i.e. a strumpet, a sailor's trull. So called from the number of houses of ill-fame frequented by sailors at the Hook (i.e. Corlears Hook) in the city of New York" (quoted in the
Online Etymology Dictionary
); thus the usage precedes the Civil War and any supposed connection to Major-General
Joseph Hooker
.
- ^
Samuel Akerley, MD (Dudley Atkins, ed.)
Reports of Hospital Physicians: and other documents in relation to the epidemic cholera
(New York: Board of Health) 1832:112?49.
- ^
"Gilbert Tauber, "Old Streets of New York: Corlaers or Corlears Hook"
"
. Oldstreets.com
. Retrieved
May 14,
2011
.
- ^
NYC Department of Parks historical sign: Corlear's Hook Park
.
- ^
a
b
c
"East Village/Lower East Side Historic District"
(PDF)
.
New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
. October 9, 2012
. Retrieved
September 28,
2019
.
- ^
Susan Spano.
"A Short Walking Tour of New York's Lower East Side"
.
Smithsonian
. Retrieved
March 29,
2016
.
- ^
"COOPER SQ. PROJECT IS ADDING 8 ACRES"
.
The New York Times
. November 30, 1956
. Retrieved
September 1,
2019
.
- ^
"PLAN FOR COOPER SQ. RAISES OBJECTIONS"
.
The New York Times
. June 3, 1959
. Retrieved
September 1,
2019
.
- ^
"Perspectives: The Cooper Square Plan; Smoothing the Path to Redevelopment"
.
The New York Times
. January 27, 1991
. Retrieved
September 1,
2019
.
- ^
Mele, Christopher; Kurt Reymers; Daniel Webb.
"Selling the Lower East Side ? Geography Page"
.
Selling the Lower East Side
. Archived from
the original
on June 19, 2010
. Retrieved
January 17,
2007
.
- ^
Mele, Christopher; Kurt Reymers; Daniel Webb.
"The 1960s Counterculture and the Invention of the "East Village"
"
.
Selling the Lower East Side
. Archived from
the original
on May 14, 2011
. Retrieved
January 17,
2007
.
- ^
"Best Pancakes ? Best of New York 2005"
.
New York Magazine
. May 21, 2005
. Retrieved
May 12,
2011
.
- ^
Eric Asimov (April 10, 2002).
"And to Think that I Ate it on Clinton Street"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
May 12,
2011
.
- ^
Fairs, Marcus (November 7, 2007).
"Bernard Tschumi's Blue tower opens"
.
Dezeen
. Retrieved
April 19,
2022
.
- ^
Bagli, Charles V. (September 17, 2013).
"City Plans Redevelopment for Vacant Area in Lower Manhattan"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
. Retrieved
April 19,
2022
.
- ^
"Race / Ethnic Change by Neighborhood"
(Excel file)
. Center for Urban Research, The Graduate Center, CUNY. May 23, 2011
. Retrieved
March 19,
2020
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
"Lower East Side and Chinatown (Including Chinatown, East Village and Lower East Side)"
(PDF)
.
nyc.gov
. NYC Health. 2018
. Retrieved
March 2,
2019
.
- ^
a
b
"2016?2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020"
(PDF)
.
nyc.gov
.
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
. 2016
. Retrieved
September 8,
2017
.
- ^
"NYC-Manhattan Community District 3?Chinatown & Lower East Side PUMA, NY"
. Retrieved
July 17,
2018
.
- ^
The Corners Project
, archived from
the original
on July 18, 2019
, retrieved
March 2,
2010
- ^
See also
Diner, Hasia; Shandler, Jeffrey; Wenger, Beth, eds. (2000),
Remembering the Lower East Side. American Jewish reflections
, Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
ISBN
0-253-33788-7
or
Pohl, Jana (2006), "
'Only darkness in the Goldeneh Medina?' Die Lower East Side in der US-amerikanischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur",
Zeitschrift fur Religions- und Geistesgeschichte
,
58
(3): 227?242,
doi
:
10.1163/157007306777834546
- ^
Bialystoker Synagogue
- ^
Eldridge Street Synagogue
- ^
Kehila Kedosha Janina
- ^
a
b
Sarah Waxman.
"The History of New York's Chinatown"
. Mediabridge Infosystems, Inc
. Retrieved
July 20,
2014
.
Manhattan's Chinatown, the largest Chinatown in the United States and the site of the largest concentration of Chinese in the Western Hemisphere, is located on the Lower East Side.
- ^
a
b
"Chinatown New York City Fact Sheet"
(PDF)
. explorechinatown.com
. Retrieved
July 20,
2014
.
- ^
"Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem to Celebrate 114th Anniversary"
,
Jewish Link
, February 18, 2021. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Three generations of the Feinstein family have stood at the helm of one of America’s earliest Torah institutions, founded in 1907. Located on the Lower East Side of Manhattan and later expanding to Staten Island, Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem (MTJ) stands out as the model of Torah and middot for many of the institutions of Torah learning in America to follow."
- ^
Lower East Side Jewish Conservancy
- ^
Wolfe, Gerald (1975),
New York, a Guide to the Metropolis
, New York: New York University Press, pp. 89?106,
ISBN
0-8147-9160-3
- ^
Diner, Hasia
(2000),
The Lower East Side Memories: The Jewish Place in America
, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
ISBN
0-691-00747-0
- ^
About
,
Henry Street Settlement
. Accessed November 30, 2017. "Founded in 1893 by social work and public health pioneer Lillian Wald and based on Manhattan's Lower East Side, Henry Street Settlement delivers a wide range of social service, arts and health care programs to more than 60,000 New Yorkers each year."
- ^
Fabricant, Florence
"Kossar's Returns With Bagels and Bialys on the Lower East Side"
,
The New York Times
, February 2, 2016. Accessed November 30, 2017. "Kossar's Bagels & Bialys In the bagel capital of the world, the bialy, the round, flattened roll with onions in the center, also gets its due. Evan Giniger and David Zablocki, who in 2013 bought the 80-year-old Kossar's Bialys on the Lower East Side, closed it in September for renovations."
- ^
Berger, Joseph
.
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,
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, July 2, 2007. Accessed November 30, 2017. "Gertel's, the legendary bakery on Hester Street on the Lower East Side known for its Jewish treats like rugelach, babka and marble cake, has closed its doors.... Opened in 1914, Gertel's, at 53 Hester Street near Essex Street, closed on June 22."
- ^
"A Taste of the Old Lower East Side: Yonah Schimmel's Knish Bakery in New York"
,
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- ^
Wells, Pete
.
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- ^
Kliment, Stephen A.
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,
The New York Times
, December 27, 1998. Accessed November 28, 2022. "Bialystoker Synagogue is architecturally the grandest of the synagogues earmarked for the Lower East Side trail. Built in 1826 as the Willett Street Methodist Church, it is a pedimented Greek-Revival gem of gray stone and red brick and spectacular stained glass."
- ^
Smith, Sarah Harrison.
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,
The New York Times
, October 21, 2012. Accessed November 28, 2022. "The Bialystoker Synagogue was built in 1826 as a Methodist church and is said to have sheltered fugitive slaves in its early days. In 1905, an Orthodox Jewish congregation from Bialystok, Poland, bought the building."
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,
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, May 2, 2022. Accessed November 8, 2022. "It went on to receive a Best Actress Oscar® nomination for Carol Kane, and a WGA Award nomination for Silver's adaptation of the 1896 novella
Yekl, a Tale of the New York Ghetto
by Abraham Cahan, who founded the premier Yiddish language newspaper in America."
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Salome of the Tenements
,
University of Illinois Press
. Accessed March 31, 2024. "Passionate and engagingly sardonic, it criticizes the concept of the American "Melting Pot" in the language of the Lower East Side and exposes the hypocrisy of the "good works" of the privileged class and their so-called dedication to the poor."
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Dreifus, Erika.
"Immigrant Story: The Value of Anzia Yezierska's
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; At New York's Tenement Museum, panelists discussed the still-relevant meaning of Yezierska's novel about an immigrant Jewish family on the Lower East Side"
,
Tablet (magazine)
, December 10, 2015. Accessed November 30, 2017. "'There wasn't anybody who didn't know Anzia Yezierska,' commented a woman recently of the 1920s. 'Today, there is hardly anyone who does.' So wrote historian Alice Kessler-Harris in her 1975 introduction to Yezierska's
Bread Givers
, a novel about Jewish immigrant life on the Lower East Side, first published in 1925."
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Meyer, Joshua.
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,
/Film
, August 27, 2022. Accessed March 31, 2024. "Sergio Leone began the long road to his final film,
Once Upon a Time in America,
as far back as the late 1960s, when he was in New York to meet about the marketing for
Once Upon a Time in the West.
Leone had read the 1952 novel
The Hoods
by Harry Grey ? believed to be the pen name of Herschel Goldberg, a real-life Jewish American gangster who had written the book as a fictional autobiography of sorts during a prison stint"
- ^
Schoemer, Karen.
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,
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, February 21, 1993. Accessed November 30, 2017. "Luc Sante reveals the Lower East Side. As he roams the area, one of New York's oldest neighborhoods, buildings, doorways and details that would usually go unnoticed suddenly come into clear focus; a strange and vibrant life shows itself beneath the grime and residue of time. Mr. Sante's two books,
Low Life
and
Evidence,
bring this world to the page."
- ^
Kirn, Walter
.
"Neighborhood Watch"
,
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Lush Life,
Richard Price's eighth novel, the resurfacing project that caps the same old potholes (and threatens to collapse in certain areas, potentially creating immense new craters capable of swallowing small crowds) targets the tangled, once tenement-lined streets of New York City's Lower East Side. In Realtor-speak, the district is 'in transition,' which means in Police Department terms that its college-educated young renting class and bonus-gorged co-op-owning elite can still score narcotics from the old-guard locals, whose complexions are generally darker than the new folks', making them easy to spot on party nights but tricky to ID in photo lineups come the red-eyed mornings after."
- ^
Gates, Anita.
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,
The New York Times
, September 21, 1998. Accessed November 30, 2017. "The three vignettes ? showing a Yiddish-Sicilian theater, a dangerous turn-of-the-century tavern and a contemporary Lower East Side scene ? were nicely done, with lovely period costumes by Mary Myers."
- ^
Welcome to Arroyo's
by Kristoffer Diaz
,
Samuel French, Inc.
Accessed November 30, 2017. "A sweet, loose-limbed shout out to Manhattan's Lower East Side…With a Greek chorus of DJs who 'mix' the play right in front of us, WELCOME shows that hip-hop can still goose mainstream theater instead of merely filling the diversity slot."
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.
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"
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Cutler, Aaron.
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Hester Street
"
,
Brooklyn Magazine
, September 28, 2016. Accessed November 30, 2017. "
Hester Street
, Joan Micklin Silver's independently financed 1975 debut feature, will screen at Film Forum Tuesday, October 4 on an archival 35mm print, with Silver in person alongside star Carol Kane. The film is set in 1896 within a Jewish community on New York's Lower East Side."
- ^
Perler, Elie (July 29, 2014).
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"
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Staff.
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,
BET
, July 12, 2013. Accessed September 29, 2016. "I achieved so much more than I ever could have expected being a Latina from the projects of the Lower East Side."
- ^
Gates, Anita.
"George Barris, Photographer Who Captured the Last Images of Marilyn Monroe, Dies at 94"
,
The New York Times
, October 4, 2016. Accessed October 4, 2016. "George Barris was born on June 14, 1922, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. He was the youngest of nine children of Joseph and Eva Barris, immigrants from Romania, who lived on Delancey Street but soon moved to the Bronx."
- ^
Goldstein, Richard.
"Sy Berger, Who Turned Baseball Heroes Into Brilliant Rectangles, Dies at 91"
,
The New York Times
, December 14, 2014. Accessed September 29, 2016. "Seymour Perry Berger was born on July 12, 1923, on Manhattan's Lower East Side, one of three children."
- ^
a
b
Our History
,
Bloomingdale's
. Accessed September 29, 2016. "A Store Is Born: To think it all started with a 19th-century fad ? the hoop skirt. That was the first item that Joseph and Lyman Bloomingdale carried in their Ladies' Notions Shop in New York's Lower East Side."
- ^
Rozen, Leah.
"Accessory During the Fact : MOB GIRL: A Woman's Life in the Underworld, By Teresa Carpenter (Simon & Schuster: $21; 274 pp.)"
,
Los Angeles Times
, March 15, 1992. Accessed September 29, 2016. "Brickman was born on New York's Lower East Side in 1933."
- ^
Elmaleh, Edmund.
The Canary Sang But Couldn't Fly: The Fatal Fall of Abe Reles, the Mobster Who Shattered Murder, Inc.'s Code of Silence
, p. 25. Accessed March 16, 2022. "The man whom famed racketbuster Thomas E. Dewey would one day call 'the worst industrial racketeer in America' began life on February 6, 1897, in a Russian-Jewish enclave on the Lower East Side. Lepke's father, Barnett Buchalter, ran a timy hardware store near the family's tenemant flat at 217 Henry Street."
- ^
Krebs, Albin.
"George Burns, Straight Man And Ageless Wit, Dies at 100"
,
The New York Times
, March 10, 1996. Accessed September 29, 2016. "Mr. Burns, whose original name was Nathan Birnbaum, was born on Jan. 20, 1896, on Pitt Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, the ninth of twelve children."
- ^
Flint, Peter B.
"James Cagney is Dead at 86; Master of Pugnacious Grace"
,
The New York Times
, March 31, 1986. Accessed September 29, 2016. "James Francis Cagney Jr. was born July 17, 1899, on Manhattan's Lower East Side and grew up there and in the Yorkville section."
- ^
Staff (ndg)
"Sammy Cahn"
Hollywood Walk of Fame
- ^
Busis, Hillary.
"Michael Che: 5 things to know"
,
Entertainment Weekly
, April 28, 2014. Accessed September 29, 2016. "He grew up in the projects of New York City's Lower East Side"
- ^
Bryk, William.
"There'd Be No Toy Trains Under Your Tree If It Weren't for Joshua Lionel Cowen"
,
New York Press
, December 25, 2001. Accessed July 9, 2017. "Joshua Lionel Cowen was born on Henry St. in Manhattan's Lower East Side on Aug. 25, 1877."
- ^
Bakish, David.
Jimmy Durante: His Show Business Career, with an Annotated Filmography and Discography
, p. 77.
McFarland & Company
, 1995.
ISBN
9780899509686
. Accessed September 29, 2016. "(Mulberry Street is on the Lower East Side of New York, where Jimmy Durante grew up with a barber father.)"
- ^
Groom, Winston
.
"A Gangster Goes to War"
,
The Wall Street Journal
, October 2, 2010. Accessed September 29, 2016. "In New York right after the turn of the 20th century, the baddest man in the whole downtown was a thug named Monk Eastman, who controlled a gang of 2,000 Jewish hoodlums on Manhattan's Lower East Side."
- ^
Robbins, Tom.
"Miriam Friedlander's Good Fight"
,
The Village Voice
, October 15, 2009. Accessed March 16, 2022. "Miriam Friedlander, the spirited former councilwoman from the Lower East Side, died last week at 95, and we would count ourselves enormously lucky should her type come this way again."
- ^
Campione, Katie.
"Lady Gaga's Former Lower East Side Apartment Is Available to Rent for $2,000 a Month"
,
People
, March 2, 2021. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Lady Gaga's former Lower East Side apartment is on the market! The unit, located at 176 Stanton Street, is available to rent for $2,000 a month."
- ^
Day, Crosby.
"Garfield: An Actor Who Stood His Ground"
,
Orlando Sentinel
, February 7, 2003. Accessed January 19, 2024. "John Garfield's reputation since his death seems to have hardened into a list of tired cliches: tough kid from New York's Lower East Side makes good; the first angry young man; the original rebel without a cause; the first method actor; the forerunner of Brando, Clift, Dean and De Niro."
- ^
"Actor Ben Gazzara dead at 81"
,
The Florida Times-Union
, February 3, 2012. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Born Biagio Anthony Gazzara in New York on Aug. 28, 1930, he grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in a cold-water flat with a bathtub in the kitchen."
- ^
Seaver, Carl.
"The Life of 'The Oddfather,' Vincent Gigante"
, History Defined, January 27, 2023. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Vincent Gigante was born in 1928 in the Lower East Side of New York. His father, Salvatore Gigante, and mother, Yolanda Gigante, were Italian immigrants."
- ^
Fishman, George.
"Lotti Golden ? The 'Freaked-Out, Drugged-Up Street World of New York’s Lower East Side' Circa 1968, Set to Music"
,
Medium
, April 19, 2023. Accessed January 19, 2024. "By the end of high school in 1967, Lotti had sung with bands up and down the East coast, taken up acting and entered the freaked-out, drugged-up street world of New York’s Lower East Side."
- ^
Associated Press
.
"Ralph Goldstein, 83, Olympian With Lasting Passion for Fencing"
,
The New York Times
, July 28, 1997. Accessed February 7, 2018. "Mr. Goldstein, who was born Oct. 6, 1913, in Malden, Mass., and grew up on the Lower East Side, attended Brooklyn College and had lived in Yonkers since 1948."
- ^
Rogers, Thomas.
"Ruby Goldstein, Ex-Fighter And Controversial Referee"
,
The New York Times
, April 24, 1984. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Goldstein, born on Cherry Street on the Lower East Side, was known as the Jewel of the Ghetto during his fighting career."
- ^
Photograph of American-Jewish Labour Leader Samuel Gompers
,
National Library of Israel
. Accessed January 19, 2024. "In 1863, the Gomper family moved to New York’s Lower East Side in the hope of a better future. Samuel helped his father made cigars in their home."
- ^
Kourlas, Gia (February 4, 2022)
"David Gordon, a Wizard of Movement and Words, Dies at 85"
The New York Times
- ^
"Answers About the New York Mafia"
,
The New York Times
, October 8, 2008. Accessed January 19, 2024. "No one was ever charged in the murder, but as I disclosed 44 years later in my Oct. 18, 2001, column, the primary shooter of Albert Anastasia was the mobster Steven (Stevie Coogan) Grammauta. The second gunman was Arnold Wittenberg. Both men, along with the hit-team leader, Stephen Armone, were heroin dealers from the Lower East Side. Mr. Grammauta, now 91, is the only surviving member."
- ^
Berger, Phil.
"Rocky Graziano, Ex-Ring Champion, Dead at 71"
,
The New York Times
, May 23, 1990. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Born Thomas Rocco Barbella, Mr. Graziano grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, the son of a former boxer nicknamed Fighting Nick Bob."
- ^
"Poem of the week: Secrecy by Samuel Greenberg"
,
The Guardian
, October 26, 2020. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Samuel Greenberg was born in Vienna in 1893. His family emigrated to the US when he was seven and he grew up on New York City’s Lower East Side."
- ^
McFadden, Robert D.
"David Greenglass, the Brother Who Doomed Ethel Rosenberg, Dies at 92"
,
The New York Times
, October 14, 2014. Accessed January 19, 2024. "Mr. Greenglass, who grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in a household that believed Marxism would save humanity, was an ardent, preachy Communist when drafted by the Army in World War II, but no one in the barracks took him very seriously, much less believed him capable of spying."
- ^
Weber, Bruce.
"Sally Gross, Choreographer of Minimalist Dances, Dies at 81"
,
The New York Times
, July 24, 2015. Accessed March 25, 2021. "Sarah Freiberg was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan on Aug. 3, 1933. Her parents were Jewish immigrants from Poland ? her father was a fruit peddler ? and as a girl she spoke Yiddish at home."
- ^
Deliso, Meredith.
"Luis Guzman on growing up in NYC, best Puerto Rican food"
,
AM New York Metro
, June 9, 2016. Accessed January 19, 2024. "[Q] What was it like growing up in New York? [A] I lived on the Lower East Side. I grew up on Delancey and Columbia Street.... But back then, when we moved to the Lower East Side, in the late 1960s, early 1970s, the neighborhood looked like a bomb hit it, when the Bowery was full of what we called hobos."
- ^
Blake, Meredith.
"Maggie Gyllenhaal blazes a new indie trail ? and it leads straight to hubby Peter Sarsgaard and home"
,
New York Daoly News
, August 15, 2010. Accessed January 19, 2024. "In case there was any question about Gyllenhaal's cool pedigree, she was even born on the lower East Side. Enough said."
- ^
Wilson, John S.
"E.Y. Harburg, Lyricist, Killed In Car Crash"
,
The New York Times
, March 7, 1981. Accessed March 25, 2021. "Edgar Harburg was born on New York's Lower East Side on April 8, 1896, the son of immigrants. From childhood, he was known as Yip, short for Yipsel, which he gave as his middle name although he said he acquired it as a boy on the East Side."
- ^
"Lazarus Joseph Dies At Age Of 75; City Controller 1946?54 6-Term State Senator"
,
The New York Times
, May 24, 1966. Accessed March 25, 2021. "Mr. Joseph was born Jan. 25, 1891, on the Lower East Side. He attended Public School 2 on Henry Street and the High School of Commerce and graduated from the Educational Alliance, a settlement house."
- ^
Brady, Lois Smith.
"WEDDING: VOWS; Jane Katz and Herbert L. Erlanger"
,
The New York Times
May 5, 1996. Accessed July 13, 2017. "Dr. Jane Katz, a competitive long-distance and synchronized swimmer grew up on the Lower East Side in the 1940s and 50s."
- ^
Hoppe, Randolph.
"Jack Kirby: Superhero Creator of the Lower East Side"
,
Lower East Side Tenement Museum
. Accessed March 25, 2021. "Did you know that Captain America is from the Lower East Side? It's true. So are Thor, the Hulk, Ant-Man, the Avengers, and the X-Men. All of these characters were co-created by Lower East Side native, Jack Kirby, one of the most important and prolific storytellers of the 20th century."
- ^
Koppel, Niko (August 5, 2008)
"Little Angel Was Here: A Keith Haring Collaborator Makes His Mark"
,
The New York Times
Accessed February 22, 2021. "After Haring died, Mr. Ortiz returned to his former life on the Lower East Side"
- ^
"Veteran Actors, First Time Nominees"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. February 19, 2009
. Retrieved
January 18,
2011
.
- ^
Staff (September 19, 2013)
Tour the Lower East Side With Madonna in 1983
,
Rolling Stone
- ^
Weiser, Benjamin.
"Sheldon Silver's 2015 Corruption Conviction Is Overturned"
,
The New York Times
, July 13, 2017. Accessed July 13, 2017. "Mr. Silver, a 73-year-old Democrat from the Lower East Side of Manhattan, served for more than two decades as Assembly speaker."
- ^
Acevedo, Carlos.
"LIGHTNING EXPRESS: The Quick Rise & Even Quicker Fall of Al Singer"
, The Cruelest Sport, December 11, 2012. Accessed July 13, 2017. "Born in New York City on September 6, 1909, Al Singer spent his early years on the Lower East Side before his father, a successful businessman, moved the family to Pelham Parkway in the Bronx."
- ^
Gringo
,
American Film Institute
. Accessed November 4, 2017. "In the early 1980s, John Spacely is an unemployed heroin addict living on the streets of New York City's Lower East Side, where he is known by the nickname, 'Gringo.'"
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