17th and 18th-century French Catholic cardinal
Louis Antoine de Noailles,
Cardinal de Noailles
(27 May 1651 – 4 May 1729), second son of
Anne de Noailles, 1st Duke of Noailles
, was a French
bishop
and
cardinal
. His signing of the
Unigenitus
bull in 1728 would end the formal
Jansenist
controversy.
Biography
[
edit
]
Louis-Antoine de Noailles was born at the Chateau of Teyssiere in Auvergne, France, on 27 May 1651 to Anne, 1st duc de Noailles and captain- general of Roussillon, and his wife, Louise Boyer, a former lady-in-waiting to Queen
Anne of Austria
.
[1]
Noailles received his
doctorate
in
theology
from the
Sorbonne
on 14 March 1676. He was appointed
bishop of Cahors
in March 1679 but served only briefly before
Pope Innocent XI
ordered him transferred in 1680 to head the
diocese of Chalons-sur-Marne
, which made him a
peer of France
. On 19 August 1695, in recognition of Noailles's family connections,
King Louis XIV
made him
archbishop of Paris
and
Duke of Saint-Cloud
, and in 1700
Pope Innocent XII
made him a
cardinal
.
[1]
According to Antoine Degert, writing in the
Catholic Encyclopedia,
although Noailles was not brilliant, "he was possessed of piety, zeal, and activity."
[1]
He is noted for having raised money to feed
famine
victims by selling his silver tableware in 1709, and for having spent a considerable part of his inheritance on redecorating
Notre Dame
.
Noailles was a friend of
Francois Fenelon
, with whom he had studied at the
College du Plessis
before entering the Sorbonne. Nonetheless, he was among the bishops who condemned Fenelon's
Maximes des Saints,
ending the theologian's career.
Noailles came to know the controversial young Lutheran
Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf
in 1719 during the young man's Grand Tour. The two found great spiritual connection despite their historic denominational differences. They maintained a relationship and correspondence the rest of Noailles' life; and Noailles became a member of Zinzendorf's
Order of the Grain of Mustard Seed
, a secret society where nobles and church leaders committed to work together to build the spiritual Kingdom of God.
[2]
The Cardinal also served as Godfather to Zinzendorf's son Christian Renatus (1727?1756).
Noailles acted as a staunch moralist when at the end of March 1719 he firmly stood behind the cure of
Saint-Sulpice
. who refused to administer the sacraments to the
Regent's
daughter,
Louise Elisabeth, Duchess of Berry
, who was in a critical condition giving birth to an illegitimate child in the
Palais de Luxembourg
. Despite all the pleas of the Regent,
Philip II, Duke of Orleans
, Noailles refused categorically to overturn the decision of the parish priest.
[3]
Noailles had a complex relationship with the
Jansenists
; while he condemned their propositions, more orthodox theologians saw in his own teachings hints of Jansenism, and Noailles was an opponent of the
Jesuits
in their attacks on the sect. His position on
Pope Clement XI
's 1713
bull
Unigenitus
was also controversial; he opposed it, despite papal disapproval, up to 1728 but then abruptly reversed himself shortly before his death.
He was succeeded as archbishop of Paris and
Duke of Saint-Cloud
by
Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc
.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
Degert, Antoine. "Louis-Antoine de Noailles." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 3 June 2017
- ^
Hamilton, J. Taylor; Kenneth G. Hamilton (1967).
The History of the Moravian Church
. Bethlehem, PA: Moravian Church in America. pp. 20?27.
- ^
http://rouvroy.medusis.com/docs/1709.html
This scandalous confinement wasn't Berry's first incartade. A widow since 1714, the Regent's daughter accumulated lovers and her repeated pregnancies which scandalized the Court were widely gossiped about, oftentimes being attributed to her alleged incestuous affair with the Regent
Sources
[
edit
]
|
---|
this template shows the Dukes of Noailles but not all male line descendants
|
| |
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Marie-Francoise de Bournonville
|
---|
Children
|
- Marie Christine, Duchess of Gramont
- Louis Marie
- Louis Paul, Count of Ayen
- Marie Charlotte, Marchioness of Coetquen
- Adrien Maurice, Duke of Noailles
- Anne Louise
- Jean Anne
- Julie Francoise
- Lucie Felicite, Marechal d'Estrees
- Marie Therese, Duchess of La Valliere
- Emmanuel Jules, Count of Noailles
- Marie Francoise, Marchioness of Lavardin
- Marie Victoire, Countess of Toulouse
- Marie Emilie, Marchioness of Chateauregnaud
- Jules Adrien, Count of Noailles
- Marie Uranie
- Anne Louise, Marchioness of Louvois
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
| |
---|
Children
| |
---|
Grandchildren
| |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Catherine Francoise Charlotte de Cosse-Brissac
|
---|
Children
| |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
| |
---|
Children
|
- Adrien Paul Louis
- Anne Jeanne Baptiste Louise, Viscountess of Ayen
- Marie Adrienne, Marquise de La Fayette
- Francoise Antoinette, Countess of Thezan du Pourjol
- Anne Paule Dominique, Marchioness of Pouzols & Montagu
- Angelique Francoise d'Assise Rosalie, Marchioness of Grammont
- Louis Gabriel
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Alicia de Rochechouart de Mortemart
|
---|
Children
| |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Caroline Antoinette de La Ferte-Meun-Mole de Champlatreux
|
---|
Children
|
- Paul
- Elisabeth
- Marie Emma Madeleine
- Pauline Marie Jacqueline
- Adrien Maurice Victurnien Mathieu de Noailles, Duke of Noailles
- Helie Guillaume Hubert, Marquis de Noailles
- Mathieu Fernand Frederic Pascal, Marquis de Noailles
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Yolande Louise Marie Valentine d'Albert de Luynes
|
---|
Children
|
- Jean Maurice Paul Jules, Duke of Ayen
- Yolande, Marchioness of Noailles
- Elisabeth
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Charlotte Marie Blanche Suzanne Elisabeth Michelle de Caumont La Force
|
---|
Children
| |
---|
|
|
|
---|
Spouse(s)
|
- Cecile Nadege Marie Paule Gonin
|
---|
Children
|
- Julie, Mrs Guerrand-Hermes
- Marie-Alicia
- Emmanuel, Duke of Ayen
|
---|
|
|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
People
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|