From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ll?r
(
Welsh
:
Ll?r Llediaith
(
Welsh pronunciation:
[???ːr
???ðjaiθ]
);
Lleddiaith
meaning 'half-speech'
[1]
or 'half-language'
[2]
) is a figure in
Welsh mythology
, probably originally a deity, probably derived from Irish
Ler
('the Sea'), father of
Manannan mac Lir
.
[3]
Other than his progeny and odd tidbits, his identity remains obscure.
Ll?r appears as the father of
Bran
,
Branwen
and
Manawydan
by
Penarddun
in the
Branwen, Daughter of Llyr
, the Second Branch of the
Mabinogi
.
[4]
The
Welsh Triads
states that Ll?r was imprisoned by
Euroswydd
,
[5]
and presumably, Penarddun subsequently married Euroswydd,
[6]
giving birth by Euroswydd to her two younger sons,
Nisien
and
Efnisien
, as stated in the
Second Branch
.
[4]
William Shakespeare
's play
King Lear
is based on material taken secondhand (through
Raphael Holinshed
) from
Geoffrey of Monmouth
's mythical king
King Leir
, who has often been connected, but is likely unrelated, to Ll?r.
[7]
The House of Ll?r
[
edit
]
(*) Unbordered names are figures not in Ll?r's line of descent, though perhaps members of the extended family.
(*) This stemma is subject to further elaboration. If the Beli above is to be equated with
Beli Mawr
then
Caswallawn
stands as Penarddun's sibling. But Bromwich observes that Penarddun should be emended to being the sister of Beli, which would bring consistency with statement elsewhere that Caswallawn and Bran are cousins.
[8]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Bromwich 1961
, triads #8 and #52
- ^
Mackillop 1998
- ^
Mackillop 1998
, "Ll?r is often assumed to be borrowed from the Irish Lir, the patronym of the sea-god Manannan
- ^
a
b
Jones & Jones 1993
, p. 21: "Bendigeidfran son of Ll?r was crowned king. His two brothers on the mother's side (Nisien and Efnisien) were sons of Euroswydd by his mother Penarddun."
- ^
Bromwich 1961
, triad #52
- ^
Mountain 1998
Celt. Enc. vol. 4, p. 930, "Penarddun then married Euroswydd and bore his children Nissyen and Evnissyen"
- ^
Mackillop 1998
, "Many trace Shakespear's.. Lear to Ll?r, but the route is tortuous; Shakespeare drew from Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)", etc.
- ^
Bromwich 1961
, endnotes, p.284- on "Bran Vendigeit m. Llyr".
References
[
edit
]
- (Dictionaries)
- Mackillop, James (1998),
Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
, Oxford University Press,
ISBN
0192801201
, p. 301, under "Ll?r".
- Mountain, Harry (1998),
Celtic Encyclopedia
(preview)
, vol. 4, Universal-Publishers, pp. 929?,
ISBN
978-1-58112-893-2
- The New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stevens.
- (Texts)
- Bromwich, Rachel (1961),
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads
(snippet)
, Cardiff: University of Wales Press
- Bromwich, Rachel (2006),
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
, Cardiff: University of Wales Press,
ISBN
0-7083-1386-8
- Gantz, Jeffrey (translator) (1987).
The Mabinogion
. New York: Penguin.
ISBN
0-14-044322-3
.
- Jones, Gwyn; Jones, Thomas (1993) [1949],
The Mabinogion
(Revised ed.), London: Everyman,
ISBN
9780460872973
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