From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a partial list of notable people
[a]
who have been claimed, either by themselves or by their followers, to be the
reincarnation
or
incarnation
of
Jesus
, or the
Second Coming of Christ
.
17th century
[
edit
]
Portrait of the Welsh prophet,
Rhys 'Arise' Evans.
- Rhys Evans
, (1607 – c.1660) who later renamed himself 'Arise Evans' was a
Welsh
prophet who travelled to London to spread his premonitions. He was arrested and imprisoned around 1650 at
Newgate Prison
for impersonating Christ.
[1]
[2]
18th century
[
edit
]
19th century
[
edit
]
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
- John Nichols Thom
(1799?1838), a Cornish merchant and politician who claimed to be the "saviour of the world" and the reincarnation of Jesus Christ in 1834. He was killed during a confrontation with government soldiers at the
Battle of Bossenden Wood
on 31 May 1838 near
Hernhill
,
Kent
.
[5]
- William Price
(1800?1893), a
Welsh
Neo-Druid
, who claimed that two of his sons were Jesus.
- Arnold Potter
(1804?1872),
Schismatic
Latter Day Saint
leader; he claimed the spirit of Jesus Christ entered into his body and he became "Potter Christ" Son of the living God. He died in an attempt to
"ascend into heaven"
by jumping off a cliff. His body was later retrieved and buried by his followers.
[6]
- Jones Very
(1813?1880), asserted that he was the Second Coming of Christ, which resulted in his dismissal from
Harvard
and entrance in an
insane asylum
- Baha'u'llah
(1817?1892), born
Shiite
, adopted
Babism
later in 1844;
[7]
he claimed to be the prophesied fulfillment and Promised One of major religions including Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. He founded the
Baha?i Faith
in 1863.
[8]
The Baha?is believe that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Second Coming of Jesus, as well as the prophecies of the
5th Buddha
Maitreya
and many other religious prophecies, were begun by the
Bab
in 1844 and then by
Baha'u'llah
. They commonly compare the fulfillment of Christian prophecies to Jesus' fulfillment of Jewish prophecies, where in both cases people were expecting the literal fulfillment of apocalyptic statements.
[9]
- William W. Davies
(1833?1906), leader of a
Latter Day Saint
schismatic
group called the Kingdom of Heaven located in
Walla Walla, Washington
from 1867 to 1881. He taught his followers that he was the
archangel
Michael
, who had previously lived as the
biblical
Adam
,
Abraham
, and
David
. When his son Arthur was born on 11 February 1868, Davies declared that the infant was the reincarnated Jesus Christ.
[10]
[11]
When Davies's second son, David, was born in 1869, he was declared to be
God the Father
.
[10]
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
of
Qadian
,
India
(1835?1908), claimed to be the awaited
Mahdi
as well as the
Second Coming
and likeness of Jesus, the promised Messiah at the end of time. He claimed to be Jesus in the metaphorical sense; in character. He founded the
Ahmadiyya
Movement in 1889, envisioning it to be the rejuvenation of Islam, and claimed to be commissioned by God for the reformation of humankind.
- Cyrus Teed
(1839?1908), American physician, claimed to be the incarnation of Jesus Christ and to have obtained knowledge regarding the
Hollow Earth
theory, presenting a cosmological model having the Earth as an inverted sphere and the remaining universe located within it.
[12]
- Carl Browne
(1849?1914), American activist and leader of the
Coxey's Army
protest movement, claimed to be the partial reincarnation of Jesus.
[13]
20th century
[
edit
]
- 'Abd Allahi al-Sihayni
(executed 1921). Sudanese
Masalit
leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of Christ and united Masalits,
Furs
,
Arabs
and
Fulanis
against the British occupation in
Darfur
in
September 1921
. He was responsible for the deaths of 41 British, for which he was executed.
[14]
- John Hugh Smyth-Pigott
(1852?1927). Around 1890 Smyth-Pigott started leading meetings of the
Agapemonite
community and recruited 50 young female followers to supplement its aging population. He took Ruth Anne Preece as his second wife and she had three children named Glory, Power and Hallelujah.
[15]
The house which may have belonged to Smyth-Pigott in
St John's Wood
was visited by
John Betjeman
in his film
Metro-Land
. It is built in the
neo-gothic
style. It is currently the home of the television presenter
Vanessa Feltz
and was previously the home of
Charles Saatchi
.
[16]
Smyth-Pigott died in 1927 and the sect gradually declined until the last member, sister Ruth, died in 1956.
Her funeral in 1956 was the only time when outsiders were admitted to the chapel.
[18]
- Manuel Herrick
(1876-1952). American politician who saw himself as the reincarnation of Jesus Christ, thus gaining the nickname "Okie Jesus Congressman."
Haile Selassie I
- Haile Selassie I
(1892?1975) did not claim to be Jesus and disapproved of claims that he was Jesus, but the
Rastafari movement
, which emerged in
Jamaica
during the 1930s, believes he is the
Second Coming
. He embodied this when he became
Emperor of Ethiopia
in 1930, perceived as confirmation of the return of the Messiah in the prophetic
Book of Revelation
5:5
in the
New Testament
, who is also expected to return a second time to initiate the
apocalyptic
day of judgment. He is also called Jah Ras Tafari, and is often considered to be alive by Rastafari movement members.
[19]
- Ernest Norman
(1904?1971), an
American
electrical engineer who co-founded the
Unarius Academy of Science
in 1954, was allegedly Jesus in a past life and his earthly incarnation was as an archangel named
Raphael
.
[20]
He claimed to be the reincarnation of other notable figures including
Confucius
,
Mona Lisa
,
Benjamin Franklin
,
Socrates
,
Queen Elizabeth I
, and
Tsar Peter I the Great
.
[21]
Krishna Venta
- Krishna Venta
(1911?1958), born Francis Herman Pencovic in
San Francisco
, founded the WKFL (Wisdom, Knowledge, Faith and Love) Fountain of the World cult in
Simi Valley
,
California
in the late 1940s. In 1948 he stated that he was Christ, the new messiah and claimed to have led a convoy of rocket ships to Earth from the extinct planet Neophrates. He died on 10 December 1958, after being suicide-bombed by two disgruntled former followers who accused Venta of mishandling cult funds and having been intimate with their wives.
- Jesu Oyingbo
(1915?1988), a Nigerian man who proclaimed himself to be Jesus Christ returned.
[22]
[23]
- Ahn Sahng-hong
(1918?1985), a
South Korean
who founded the
World Mission Society Church of God
in 1964, who recognize him as the
Second Coming of Jesus
. The World Mission Society Church of God teach that
Zahng Gil-jah
is "God the Mother", who they explain is referred to in the Bible as the New Jerusalem Mother (
Galatians
4:26
), and that Ahn Sahng-Hong is
God the Father
.
[24]
Sun Myung Moon
- Sun Myung Moon
(1920?2012), believed by members of the
Unification Church
to be the Messiah and the Second Coming of Christ, fulfilling Jesus' unfinished mission. Church members ("Unificationists") consider Sun Myung Moon and his wife,
Hak Ja Han
, to be the
True Parents
of humankind as the restored Adam and Eve.
[25]
[26]
- Anne Hamilton-Byrne (1921?2019) of
The Family
, born Evelyn Grace Victoria Edwards.
- Jim Jones
(1931?1978), founder of
Peoples Temple
, which started off as an offshoot of a mainstream
Protestant
sect before becoming a
personality cult
as time went on. In the 1970s he claimed to be the reincarnation of Jesus,
Akhenaten
, the
Buddha
,
Vladimir Lenin
and
Father Divine
.
[27]
He organized a mass
murder suicide
at
Jonestown
,
Guyana
on 18 November 1978.
[28]
He shot himself after the murders were done.
- Marshall Applewhite
(1931?1997), an
American
who posted a
Usenet
message declaring, "I, Jesus?Son of God?acknowledge on this date of September 25/26, 1995: ..."
[29]
Applewhite and his
Heaven's Gate
religious group committed mass suicide on 26 March 1997, to rendezvous with what they thought was a spaceship hiding behind
Comet Hale?Bopp
.
[30]
- Charles Manson
(1934?2017), American criminal,
cult
leader, and songwriter.
[31]
- Yahweh ben Yahweh
(1935?2007), born as Hulon Mitchell Jr., a black nationalist and separatist who created the
Nation of Yahweh
in 1979 in
Liberty City
,
Florida
. His self-proclaimed name means "God, Son of God". He could have only been deeming himself to be "son of God", not God, but many of his followers clearly deem him to be God Incarnate.
[32]
[33]
In 1992, he was convicted of conspiracy to commit murder and sentenced to 18 years in prison.
[34]
- Laszlo Toth
(b. 1938),
Hungarian
-born
Australian
who claimed he was Jesus Christ as he vandalized
Michelangelo's Pieta
with a geologist's hammer in 1972.
[35]
[36]
- Ji Sanbao
(1939?1997), the founder and first leader of the
Mentuhui
, a
Chinese Christian
doomsday
sect and
secret society
. In 1985, Ji proclaimed himself the
Son of God
and the "Three-Redemptive Christ" (referring to the redemption of
Noah
, the redemption of
Lot
, and the redemption of Ji Sanbao).
[37]
- Wayne Bent
(b. 1941), also known as Michael Travesser of the
Lord Our Righteousness Church
. He claims: "I am the embodiment of God. I am divinity and humanity combined."
[38]
He was convicted on 15 December 2008, of one count of criminal sexual contact of a minor and two counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor in 2008.
[39]
- Ariffin Mohammed
(1943?2016), also known as "Ayah Pin", the founder of the banned
Sky Kingdom
in
Malaysia
in 1975. He claimed to have direct contact with the heavens and is believed by his followers to have been the incarnation of Jesus, as well as
Shiva
, and the
Buddha
, and
Muhammad
.
[40]
- Mitsuo Matayoshi
(1944?2018) was a
conservative
Japanese
politician
, who in 1997 established the
World Economic Community Party
based on his conviction that he is God and Christ, renaming himself Iesu Matayoshi. According to his program he will do the
Last Judgment
as Christ but within the current political system.
[41]
[42]
- Tony Quinn
(b. 1944), owned Yoga communes in 1970s Ireland where an orphan girl responsible for younger siblings endured a 40-day water-fast and ceased menstruation. He later created Educo which promoted the
Ten percent of the brain myth
and was rubbished by Professors of Psychology and Psychiatry in Ireland. It was found by the
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
that his allocation of shares in
International Natural Energy
was affirmed by a "clumsy forgery". An ex-follower sued Quinn for "assault and battery; allegedly obtaining money by false pretences; alleged fraudulent misrepresentation, intentional or careless infliction of mental suffering and suborning" in 2010.
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
- Hogen Fukunaga
(b. 1945) founded
Ho No Hana Sanpogyo
, often called the "foot reading cult", in Japan in 1987 after an alleged
spiritual
event where he claimed to have realized he was the reincarnation of Jesus Christ and
Gautama Buddha
.
[53]
- Jose Luis de Jesus
(1946?2013),
Puerto Rican
founder, leader and organizer of Growing in Grace based in
Miami
,
Florida
, who claimed that the resurrected Christ "integrated himself within me" in 2007.
[54]
- Inri Cristo
(b. 1948), a
Brazilian
who claims to be the second Jesus reincarnated in 1969.
[55]
Brasilia
is considered by Inri Cristo and his disciples as the
New Jerusalem
of the
Apocalypse
.
- Thomas Harrison Provenzano
[56]
(1949?2000), an
American
convicted murderer who was possibly mentally ill. He compared his
execution
with
Jesus Christ's crucifixion
.
[57]
- David Icke
(b. 1952),
English
former footballer and conspiracy theorist, who said in a 1991 television interview with
Terry Wogan
that he was "the son of God".
[58]
- Hasan Mezarcı
(b. 1954) is a former politician and member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (1991?1995) who was expelled from the
Welfare Party
and imprisoned for his extreme view against
secularism
. He claimed to be
Isa
after his imprisonment.
[59]
[60]
[61]
- Shoko Asahara
(1955?2018) founded the terrorist
Japanese
religious group
Aum Shinrikyo
in 1984. He declared himself Christ, Japan's only fully enlightened master and the
Lamb of God
. His purported mission was to take upon himself the sins of the world. He outlined a doomsday prophecy, which included a
Third World War
, and described a final conflict culminating in a
nuclear
Armageddon
, borrowing the term from the
Book of Revelation
16:16
.
[62]
Humanity would end, except for the elite few who joined Aum.
[62]
The group gained international notoriety on 20 March 1995, when it carried out the
sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway
. He was
sentenced to death
, and was executed on 6 July 2018.
- David Koresh
(1959-1993), leader of religious cult
Branch Davidians
[63]
- Marina Tsvigun
(b. 1960), or Maria Devi Christos, is the leader of the "Great White Brotherhood".
[64]
In 1990 she met Yuri Krivonogov, the Great White Brotherhood founder, who recognized Marina as a new messiah and later married her, assuming in the sect the role of
John the Baptist
, subordinate to Tsvigun.
- Sergey Torop
(b. 1961), a
Russian
former traffic officer who claims to be "reborn" as
Vissarion
, Jesus Christ returned, which makes him not "God" but the "
Word of God
". Also known as "Jesus of Siberia," Torop has an appearance similar to depictions of Jesus. He dresses in all white flowing robes and has long brown hair and a beard. Before claiming to be the Vissarion, Torop worked as a traffic policeman until he was fired in 1990. He founded the
Church of the Last Testament
and the spiritual community
Ecopolis Tiberkul
in Southern
Siberia
in 1990. The Church of the Last Testament has been described as being a mixture of beliefs from the Russian Orthodox Church, Buddhism, apocalypticism, collectivism, and with ecological values. The church currently resides on the largest religious reservation in the world in Siberian Taiga.
[65]
[66]
- Yang Xiangbin
(b. 1973), a woman referred to as "Lightning Deng" and "the female Christ" in the literature of
Eastern Lightning
, a Chinese Christian
new religious movement
. Eastern Lightning claims that
Jesus has returned to earth
as a Chinese woman, citing the
Gospel of Matthew
24:27
: "For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be". Eastern Lightning is banned in the
People's Republic of China
due to several prolific violent crimes committed by its members; Chinese and international media have, in turn, described the group as a
cult
.
[67]
21st century
[
edit
]
Alan John Miller and Mary Luck (
Divine Truth
)
Delores Kane
- Apollo Quiboloy
(b. 1950) is the founder and leader of a Philippines-based
Restorationist
church, the
Kingdom of Jesus Christ
, The Name Above Every Name, Inc. He has made claims that he is the "Appointed Son of God".
[68]
- Mehmet Ali A?ca
(b. 1959), Turkish assassin who shot Pope John Paul II in 1981. Said in 2010, "I will meet you in the next three days. In the name of God Almighty, I proclaim the end of the world in this century. All the world will be destroyed, every human being will die. I am not God, I am not son of God, I am Christ eternal."
[69]
- Alan John Miller
(b. 1962), more commonly known as A.J. Miller, a former
Jehovah's Witness
Elder
and current leader of the Australia-based
Divine Truth
movement.
[70]
Miller claims to be Jesus Christ reincarnated with others in the 20th century to spread messages that he calls the "Divine Truth". He delivers these messages in seminars and various forms of media along with his current partner Mary Suzanne Luck, who identifies herself as the returned
Mary Magdalene
.
[71]
- Delores Kane
(b. 1965) is a former
MI5
officer and whistleblower who, in the summer of 2007, proclaimed herself to be the Messiah. She has released a series of videos on
YouTube
claiming to be Jesus, although she has not built up any noticeable following since her claims.
[72]
[73]
- Maurice Clemmons
(1972?2009), an American felon responsible for the 2009 murder of four police officers in Washington state, referred to himself in May 2009 as Jesus.
[74]
- Amy Carlson
(1975-2021). Leader of the religious group
Love Has Won
, Carlson said she was a deity known as Mother God. She said she was
Mother Earth
,
Gaia
,
[75]
Cleopatra
, Jesus,
Joan of Arc
,
[76]
Harriet Tubman
,
[77]
and
Marilyn Monroe
; she claimed to have full memory of her lives, including being
hanged on the cross
as Jesus.
[76]
- Oscar Ramiro Ortega-Hernandez
(b. 1990). In November 2011, he fired nine shots with a Romanian Cugir SA
semi-automatic rifle
at the
White House
in Washington D.C., believing himself to be Jesus Christ sent to kill U.S. President
Barack Obama
, whom he believed to be the
antichrist
.
[78]
[79]
- Todd Kincannon
(b. 1981), former head of the
South Carolina Republican Party
, was arrested in 2018 for killing and mutilating his mother's dog. He claimed to police he was the Second Coming of Jesus Christ and that God had told him to do it, because “every 1,000 years there needs to be a sacrifice and blood must be spilt."
[80]
- Gabbie Hanna
(b. 1991), an American Internet personality and singer-songwriter, went on a multi-post rant on
TikTok
in August 2022 claiming to be the Second Coming of Jesus.
[81]
- Ezra Miller
(b. 1992), an American actor who, in June 2022, allegedly referred to themselves as Jesus, the Devil, and a
Messiah
to Native Americans.
[82]
Miller later claimed to be seeking treatment for "complex mental health issues".
[83]
- Jey Rence Quilario
(b. 2000), also known as Senior Agila and the president of the
Socorro Bayanihan Services
. Ex-members claimed that Quilario allegedly believed himself to be God, the reincarnation of the
Santo Nino
and the Messiah.
[84]
- Jeff Divine aka Jeff Ayan, co-founder of
Twin Flames Universe
, has claimed that historical
depictions of Jesus
actually depict himself as "the second coming".
[85]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Notability is established with a Wikipedia article, either as a biographical article about the person who claimed to be Jesus, or an article about their followers
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"EVANS, ARISE (sic for A-Rice = Ap Rice, Ap Rhys) (fl. 1607?1660), prognosticator"
.
Dictionary of Welsh Biography
.
National Library of Wales
.
- ^
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1851-0308-253
? (British museum #1851,0308.253)
- ^
Селиванов, Кондратий
in: Большая биографическая энциклопедия.
Andrei Sinyavsky
,
IVAN the FOOL. Russian Folk Belief, A Cultural History
(trans. 2007).
- ^
"Her followers began to call her "Mother" Ann because they believed her to be the female component of Christ's spirit and that she represented the second appearance of Christ on earth."
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns/cities/shakers.html
- ^
J. Lowerson, ed. Charlesworth,
An Atlas of Rural protests in Britain, 1548?1900
(1983), pp. 139?141: "The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act was designed specifically to cope with the severe problems of rural England and to prevent... a repetition of the 1830s incidents in the epicentres of Kent... There, complex soil patterns, small-scale farming and low investment rates combined with a rapid population surge to produce... dependence on permanent relief of 25% of population... groups of labourers (1835) ...besieged local magistrates in the workhouse... 37 labourers were imprisoned for... up to two years."
- ^
James Barnes:
Unveiling of the Middleman: The Truth About Prophecy
, AuthorHouse, 2011, pp. 63?64
- ^
Balyuzi, H.M.
(2000).
Baha?u'llah: King of Glory
. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 35?37.
ISBN
0-85398-328-3
.
- ^
Buck, Christopher (2004).
"The eschatology of Globalization: The multiple-messiahship of Bah?'u'll?h revisited"
. In Sharon, Moshe (ed.).
Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements and the B?b?-Bah?'? Faiths
. Boston: Brill. pp. 143?178.
ISBN
90-04-13904-4
.
- ^
Lambden, Stephen (1999).
"Catastrophe, Armageddon and Millennium: some aspects of the Babi-Baha?i exegesis of apocalyptic symbolism"
.
Baha?i Studies Review
(9)
. Retrieved
November 21,
2009
– via Baha'i Library Online.
- ^
a
b
Robert S. Fogarty (2003).
All Things New: American Communes and Utopian Movements, 1860?1914
(Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books)
ISBN
0-7391-0520-5
pp. 50?51.
- ^
J. Gordon Melton
(1996, 5th ed.).
Encyclopedia of American Religions
(Detroit, Mich.: Gale)
ISBN
0-8103-7714-4
p. 565.
- ^
Simon, Matt (July 2, 2014).
"Fantastically Wrong: The Legendary Scientist Who Swore Our Planet Is Hollow"
.
WIRED
. Retrieved
September 18,
2021
.
- ^
McMurry, Donald L. (1929).
Coxey's Army: A Study in Industrial Unrest, 1893?1898
. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. p. 37.
- ^
Daly, M. W. (2007). Darfur's Sorrow: A History of Destruction and Genocide. p. 119.
- ^
Evans, Roger (2006).
Blame it on the vicar
. Halsgrove. p. 29.
ISBN
9781841145686
.
- ^
"Vanessa Feltz's House History"
.
Where do you think you live
. BBC
. Retrieved
June 17,
2012
.
- ^
Byford, Enid (1987).
Somerset Curiosities
. Dovecote Press. p.
22
.
ISBN
0946159483
.
- ^
"Rastafari Movement"
. Religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu. September 7, 2006. Archived from
the original
on May 17, 2008
. Retrieved
November 21,
2009
.
- ^
Tumminia, Diana G.
When Prophecy Never Fails: Myth and Reality in a Flying-Saucer Group
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, 240 pp.
ISBN
978-0-19-517675-9
- ^
Bishop, Greg, et al. (2006).
Weird California.
Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
ISBN
978-1-4027-3384-0
- ^
Oyibode, Austin (May 25, 2017).
"How a self-acclaimed Jesus acquired wives, raised his empire and died in Lagos in 1988"
.
www.legit.ng
. Retrieved
June 9,
2020
.
- ^
"Meet Five Nigerians Who Have Claimed To Be God"
.
The Native
. April 14, 2017
. Retrieved
June 9,
2020
.
- ^
Norris, Jimmy (January 25, 2009).
"Feeling the love"
. Stars and Stripes
. Retrieved
February 2,
2010
.
- ^
Moon At Twilight: Amid scandal, the Unification Church has a strange new mission
,
Peter Maass
New Yorker Magazine
, September 14, 1998. "Moon sees the essence of his own mission as completing the one given to Jesus?establishing a "true family" untouched by Satan while teaching all people to lead a God-centered life under his spiritual leadership."..."Although Moon often predicts in his sermons that a breakthrough is near, Moffitt realizes that Moon may not come to be seen as the messiah in his lifetime."
- ^
Unifying or Dividing? Sun Myung Moon and the Origins of the Unification Church
, by George D. Chryssides, University of Wolverhampton, UK. A paper presented at the CESNUR 2003 Conference, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- ^
Galanter, Marc (1999).
Cults: Faith, Healing, and Coercion
. Oxford University Press; 2nd edition.
ISBN
978-0-19-512370-8
.
(
meta-citation
)
- ^
Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs.
Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People
. Dutton, 1982.
ISBN
978-0-525-24136-2
. pp. 476?524.
- ^
I, Jesus?Son of God?acknowledge on this date of September 25/26, 1995: 1. I am about to return to my Father's Kingdom. 1A. This "return" requires that I prepare to lay down my borrowed human body in order to take up, or reenter, my body (biological) belonging to the Kingdom of God (as I did appx. 2000 years ago when I laid down the body that was about 33 years old in order to reenter my body belonging to the Kingdom of Heaven).
Marshall Applewhite (1995).
UNDERCOVER JESUS SURFACES
. alt.consciousness.mysticism. Retrieved August 15, 2005.
- ^
"One year later Heaven's Gate suicides leave a faint trail"
. CNN.
- ^
"Charles Manson: His Death and the Biblical Christian Response"
.
Cross Encounters Ministries
. November 21, 2017
. Retrieved
June 20,
2018
.
- ^
"He identified himself as the 'grand master of the celestial lodge, the architect of the universe'"
Crimelibrary
Archived
April 17, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Miami Herald
(October 15, 2001). "the old message of self-esteem has been crowded out by one that elevates their leader to
Grand Master of All, the God of the Universe, the Grand Potentate, the Everlasting Father and the persecuted Messiah.
"
- ^
Douglas Martin (May 9, 2007).
"Yahweh ben Yahweh, Leader of Separatist Sect, Dies at 71"
.
New York Times
. Retrieved
October 22,
2009
.
- ^
"Notes and Queries: Whatever happened to Laszlo Toth, the man who smashed Michelangelo's Pieta in 1972?"
.
The Guardian
. London
. Retrieved
June 8,
2006
.
- ^
Evers, Chia (2006).
"Laszlo Toth, 'Jesus Christ,' Attacks the Pieta (May 21, 1972)"
.
Today in Odd History
. News of the Odd. Archived from
the original
on May 16, 2006
. Retrieved
June 8,
2006
.
- ^
"??"?徒?"的"救?"
"
(in Chinese). Archived from
the original
on September 9, 2021
. Retrieved
December 11,
2023
.
- ^
Inside a Cult
Archived
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