From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Following are the longest, widest, and deepest
rifts
and valleys in various worlds of the
Solar System
.
List
[
edit
]
World
|
Rift/Valley
|
Length
|
Max. width
|
Max. depth
|
Notes
|
Venus
|
Baltis Vallis
|
6,800 km (4,200 mi)
|
3 km (2 mi)
|
|
A lava channel
|
Earth
|
Atlantic Ocean
|
?10,000 km (6,000 mi)
|
?6,000 km (4,000 mi)
|
7.758 km (4.821 mi)
|
Length taken to be that of the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
. (The ridge also has a secondary rift valley running its length.) The width is an average taken along the spreading ridges (Georgia?Senegal, Brazil ? Bight of Benin, etc.). The greatest depth is the
Romanche Trench
. (The
Puerto Rico Trench
is not part of the rift system.)
|
Great Rift Valley
|
6,000 km (3,700 mi)
|
220 km (140 mi)
|
2 km (1 mi)
|
Width and depth are those of the
Red Sea Rift
, discounting continental shelves < 200 m deep. (These may not be the extremes of the whole rift system.) Length of the Red Sea section 2,250 km (1,400 mi).
|
Canadian Arctic Rift System
|
4,800 km (3,000 mi)
|
|
|
A northwesterly continuation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
|
West Antarctic Rift System
|
|
|
|
|
Midcontinent Rift System
|
2,000 km (1,200 mi)
|
70 km (40 mi)
|
0.27 km (0.17 mi)
|
Width & depth
Isle Royale
?
Keweenaw Peninsula
; may not be widest point.
|
Grand Canyon
|
277 km (200 mi)
|
4?18 km (0?10 mi)
|
1.857 km (1 mi)
|
|
Colca Canyon
|
|
|
4.160 km (2.58 mi)
|
|
Cotahuasi Canyon
|
|
|
3.535 km (2.197 mi)
|
|
Moon
|
Vallis Snellius
|
592 km (368 mi)
|
? 30 km (20 mi)?
|
|
Width assumed to be approx. that of
Vallis Rheita
|
Mars
|
Valles Marineris
|
3,769 km (2,342 mi)
|
200 km (100 mi)
|
7 km (4 mi)
|
|
Kasei Valles
|
1,780 km (1,110 mi)
|
200 km (100 mi)
|
2?3 km
|
|
Tiu Valles
|
1,720 km (1,070 mi)
|
|
|
|
Ares Vallis
|
1,700 km (1,100 mi)
|
|
|
|
Vesta
|
equatorial channels
|
Possibly up to 1,700 km (1,100 mi)
|
|
|
Length may be as much as the 1790-km circumference of Vesta
|
Divalia Fossae
|
approx. 465 km (290 mi)
|
? 22 km
|
|
Compression fracture from
Rheasilvia
|
Saturnalia Fossae
|
at least 365 km (230 mi)
|
? 39 km
|
|
365 km visible at one point; rest in northern shadow.
[1]
Compression fracture from
Veneneia
.
|
Europa
|
?
|
?
|
More than 20 km (10 mi)
|
|
Moon of Jupiter
|
Tethys
|
Ithaca Chasma
|
2,000 km (1,000 mi)
|
100 km (60 mi)
|
3?5 km (2?3 mi)
|
Moon of Saturn. Ithaca span approx. 75% the circumference of the Moon.
|
Charon
|
Argo Chasma
|
700 km (430 mi)
|
?
|
9 km (6 mi)
|
Moon of Pluto. Part of a belt of grabens that span most of the circumference of the moon. Only a section was seen on limb of Charon and so exact length uncertain. Not yet officially named.
[1]
|
Caleuche Chasma
|
400 km (250 mi)
|
?
|
13 km (8.1 mi)
|
Depth estimated in the range 10?16 km (6.2?9.9 mi).
[2]
|
Miranda
|
tectonic grabens
|
|
20 km
|
10-20 km
|
Extensive series of grabens and scarps that cover most of the moon.
|
Titania
|
Messina Chasma
|
1492 km (900 mi)
|
50 km (30 mi)
|
2-5 km
|
Geologically young belt of grabens that cut through craters. Bright, icy material exposed on canyon walls.
|
Pluto
|
Sleipnir Fossa
|
580 km (360 mi)
|
5-10 km
|
?3 km (2 mi)
|
One of the six extensional "spider" fractures, cuts through Tartarus Dorsa . Not yet officially named.
|
Lowell Regio
canyons
|
?200 km (120 mi)
|
75 km (45 mi)
|
?3-4 km
|
A series of canyons found very close to the north pole. Not yet officially named.
|
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Keeter, Bill (2016-06-23).
"A 'Super Grand Canyon' on Pluto's Moon Charon"
.
NASA
. Retrieved
2017-08-14
.
- ^
Schenk, Paul Michael; Beyer, Ross A.; McKinnon, William B.; Moore, Jeffrey M.; Spencer, John R.; White, Oliver L.; Singer, Kelsi; Umurhan, Orkan M.; Nimmo, Francis; Lauer, Tod R.; Grundy, William M.; Robbins, Stuart; Stern, S. Alan; Weaver, Harold A.; Young, Leslie A.; Smith, K. Ennico; Olkin, Cathy (2018). "Breaking up is hard to do: Global cartography and topography of Pluto's mid-sized icy Moon Charon from New Horizons".
Icarus
.
315
: 124?145.
Bibcode
:
2018Icar..315..124S
.
doi
:
10.1016/j.icarus.2018.06.010
.
ISSN
0019-1035
.
S2CID
125833113
.