Light or saddle horse breeds
Heavy or draft horse breeds
The following list of
horse
and
pony
breeds
includes standardized breeds, some strains within breeds that are considered distinct populations, types of horses with common characteristics that are not necessarily standardized breeds but are sometimes described as such, and terms that describe groupings of several breeds with similar characteristics.
While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed",
[1]
a breed is generally defined as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations. Its members may be called
purebred
. In most cases, bloodlines of
horse breeds
are recorded with a
breed registry
. The concept is somewhat flexible in horses, as
open stud books
are created for recording pedigrees of horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding.
Registries are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "
color breed
",
sport horse
, and
gaited horse
registries for horses with various
phenotypes
or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there the trait is not a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "breed" rather than a "type”.
Horse breeds
[
edit
]
Further information:
Horse
In some cultures and for some competition-sanctioning organizations, a horse that normally matures less than about 145 cm or 14.2
hands
(58 inches, 147 cm) when fully grown may be classified as a "
pony
". However, unless the principal
breed registry
or
breed standard
describes the breed as a pony, it is listed in this section, even if some or all representatives are small or have some pony characteristics. Ponies are listed in the
§ Pony breeds
section below.
- Abaga
- Abyssinian
- Adaev
- Aegidienberger
- Akhal-Teke
- Albanian
- Altai
- Alter Real
- American Bashkir Curly
- American Belgian Draft
- American Cream Draft
- American Indian Horse
- American Paint Horse
- American Quarter Horse
- American Saddlebred
- American Warmblood
- Andalusian
- Andravida
- Anglo-Arabian
- Anglo-Kabarda
- Appaloosa
- Arabian
- Ardennais
- Arenberg-Nordkirchen
- Asturcon
- Australian Draught
- Australian Stock Horse
- Austrian Warmblood
- Auvergne
- Auxois
- Axios
- Azerbaijan
- Azteca
- Baise horse
,
Guangxi
- Bale
- Balearic horse
,
see
Mallorquin and Menorquin
- Balikun horse
- Baluchi horse
- Banker horse
- Barb horse
- Bardigiano
- Bashkir horse
- Basque Mountain Horse
- Bavarian Warmblood
- Belgian Draught
, also Brabant,
Belgisch Trekpaard
,
Trait belge
- Belgian Sport Horse
- Belgian Trotter
- Belgian Warmblood
(includes Belgian Half-blood)
- Bhutia Horse
,
also
Bhotia, Bhote ghoda, Bhutan, Bhutani, Bhutua
- Black Forest Horse
or Black Forest Coldblood
- Blazer horse
- Boerperd
- Borana
- Bosnian Mountain Horse
- Boulonnais horse
- Brandenburger
- Brazilian Sport Horse
(Brasileiro de Hipismo)
- Breton horse
, or Trait Breton
- British Warmblood
- Brumby
- Budyonny horse
or Budenny
- Burguete horse
- Burmese Horse
- Byelorussian Harness Horse
- Calabrese horse
- Camargue horse
- Camarillo White Horse
- Campeiro
- Campolina
- Canadian horse
- Canadian Pacer
- Carolina Marsh Tacky
- Carthusian Spanish horse
- Caspian horse
- Castilian,
see
Andalusian
- Castillonnais
- Catria horse
- Cavallo Romano della Maremma Laziale
- Cerbat Mustang
- Chickasaw Horse,
see
Florida Cracker Horse
- Chaidamu horse
- Chernomor horse
- Chilean horse
or Chilean Corralero
- Chinese Mongolian horse
- Choctaw horse
- Cleveland Bay
- Clydesdale horse
- Colorado Ranger
- Coldblood trotter
- Comtois horse
- Corsican horse
- Costa Rican Saddle Horse
- Cretan horse,
see
Messara
- Criollo horse
- Croatian Coldblood
- Cuban Criollo
- Cumberland Island horse
- Czech Warmblood
- Daliboz,
see
Azerbaijan horse
- Danish Warmblood
- Danube Delta horse
- Dareshuri
- Datong horse
- Dole Gudbrandsdal
,
also called
Dole,
or Dølahest
- Don, see
Russian Don
- Dongola horse
- Draft Trotter,
also called
Light Dole, Dole Trotter,
see
Coldblood trotter
- Dutch Harness Horse
- Dutch Heavy Draft
- Dutch Warmblood
- Dzungarian horse, see
Przewalski's horse
- East Bulgarian
- Estonian Draft
- Estonian Native
- Ethiopian horses
- Falabella
- Faroese or Faroe horse,
see
Faroe pony
in pony section
- Finnhorse
, or Finnish Horse
- Flemish Horse
- Fleuve
- Fjord horse
, also
Norwegian Fjord Horse
- Florida Cracker Horse
- Foutanke
or Fouta
- Frederiksborger
- Freiberger
- French Trotter
- Friesian
- Furioso-North Star
- Galiceno
or Galiceno
- Galician Pony
(Caballo de pura raza Gallega)
- Gelderland horse
- Giara Horse
- Gidran
- Groningen Horse
- Hackney horse
- Haflinger
- Hanoverian horse
- Heck horse
- Heihe horse
- Henson horse
- Hequ horse
- Hirzai
- Hispano-Breton
- Hispano-Arabe
also known as
Hispano or Spanish Anglo-Arab
- Holsteiner
- Horro
- Hungarian Warmblood
- Icelandic horse
- Indian Country-bred
- Iomud
- Irish Draught
- Irish Sport Horse
or
Irish Hunter
- Italian Heavy Draft
- Italian Trotter
- Jaca Navarra
- Jeju horse
- Jutland horse
- Kabarda horse
,
also known as
Kabardian
or
Kabardin
- Kafa
- Kaimanawa horses
- Kalmyk horse
- Karabair
- Karabakh horse
also known as
Azer At
- Karossier
see
Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger
- Karachai horse
- Kathiawari horse
- Kazakh Horse
- Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse
- Kiger Mustang
- Kinsky horse
- Konik
- Kyrgyz Horse
- Kisber Felver
- Kiso Horse
- Kladruber
- Knabstrupper
- Kundudo horse
- Kurdish horse
- Kustanair
- Latvian horse
- Lipizzan
or Lipizzaner
- Lithuanian Heavy Draught
- Ljutomer Trotter
- Lokai
- Losino horse
- Lusitano
- Luxembourg Warmblood
- Lyngshest,
see
Nordlandshest/ Lyngshest
- M'Bayar
- M'Par
- Malopolski
- Mallorquin
- Mangalarga
- Mangalarga Marchador
- Maremmano
- Marismeno
- Marsh Tacky,
see
Carolina Marsh Tacky
- Marwari horse
- Mecklenburger
- Međimurje horse
- Menorquin horse
- Merens horse
- Messara horse
- Mez?hegyesi sport-horse (sportlo),
or
Mez?hegyes felver,
see
Hungarian Warmblood
- Metis Trotter,
see
Russian Trotter
- Miquelon horse
- Miniature horse
- Misaki horse
- Missouri Fox Trotter
- Monchino
- Mongolian Horse
- Mongolian Wild Horse, see
Przewalski's horse
- Monterufolino
- Morab
- Morgan horse
- Mountain Pleasure Horse
- Moyle horse
- Murakozi, Murakoz, or Murakozi lo, see
Međimurje horse
- Murgese
- Mustang
- Namib Desert Horse
- Nangchen horse
- National Show Horse
- New Altai
- Nez Perce Horse
- Nivernais horse
- Nokota horse
- Noma horse
- Nonius horse
- Nooitgedachter
- Nordlandshest/ Lyngshest
- Noriker horse
or Pinzgauer
- Norman Cob
- Norsk Kaldblodstraver (Norwegian Coldblood Trotter), see
Coldblood Trotter
- North American Single-footing Horse
- North Swedish horse
- Novoolexandrian Draught
- Novokirghiz
- Oberlander Horse
- Ogaden
- Oldenburger
- Orlov Trotter
- Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger
- Paint,
see
American Paint Horse
- Pampa horse
- Paso Fino
- Pentro horse
- Percheron
- Persano horse
- Peruvian Paso
,
sometimes called
Peruvian Stepping Horse
- Pintabian
- Pleven horse
- Poitevin horse
also called
Mulassier
- Polish Arabian
- Posavac
- Pottok
- Priob
- Pryor Mountain Mustang
- Przewalski's horse
, a subspecies, not a "breed"
- Pura Raza Espanola
or PRE, see
Andalusian
- Purosangue Orientale
- Pfalz-ardenner
- Qatgani
- Quarab
- Quarter Horse,
see
American Quarter Horse
- Racking horse
- Retuerta horse
- Rhenish German Coldblood
also known as
Rhineland Heavy Draft
- Rhinelander horse
- Riwoche horse
- Rocky Mountain Horse
- Romanian Sporthorse
- Rottaler,
see
Heavy warmblood
- Russian Don
- Russian Heavy Draft
- Russian Trotter
- Saddlebred,
see
American Saddlebred
- Salernitano
- Samolaco horse
- Sanfratellano
- Santa Cruz Island horse
- Sarcidano horse
- Sardinian Anglo-Arab
- Schleswig Coldblood
- Schwarzwalder Kaltblut,
see
Black Forest Horse
- Selale
- Sella Italiano
- Selle Francais
- Senner
- Shagya Arabian
- Shan Horse
or Shan Myinn
- Shire horse
- Siciliano indigeno
- Silesian horse
- Sindhi horse
- Slovenian Cold-blood
- Sorraia
- Sokolski horse
- South German Coldblood
or Suddeutsches Kaltblut
- Soviet Heavy Draft
- Spanish Barb
- Spanish Jennet Horse
, modern,
not to be confused with
the historic
Jennet
or Spanish Jennet (see Archaic types,
below
)
- Spanish Mustang
- Spanish Tarpan,
see
Sorraia
- Spanish Trotter
(Trotador Espanol)
- Spiti Horse
- Spotted Saddle Horse
- Standardbred
- Suffolk Punch
- Svensk Kallblodstravare (Swedish Coldblood Trotter), see
Coldblood Trotter
- Swedish Ardennes
- Swedish Warmblood
- Swiss Warmblood
- Taish? horse
- Takhi, see
Przewalski's horse
- Tawleed
- Tchernomor,
see
Budyonny
- Tennessee Walking Horse
- Tersk horse
- Thoroughbred
- Tiger Horse
- Tokara horse
- Tolfetano
- Tori horse
- Trait Du Nord
- Trakehner
- Tsushima,
see
Taish?
- Tuigpaard,
see
Dutch Harness Horse
- Tushetian horse
- Tuva horse
- Ukrainian Riding Horse
- Unmol Horse
- Uzunyayla
- Ventasso horse
(Cavallo del Ventasso)
- Virginia highlander
- Vlaamperd
- Vladimir Heavy Draft
- Vyatka horse
- Waler
or Australian Waler
- Walkaloosa
- Warlander
- Welsh Cob
(Section D)
- Westphalian horse
- Wielkopolski
- Wurttemberger
- Xilingol horse
- Yakutian horse
- Yili horse
- Yonaguni horse
- Zangersheide
- Zaniskari
- Zakynthos horse
- Zweibrucker
- ?emaitukas
,
also known as
Zemaituka,
Zhumd, Zhemaichu, or Zhmudka
Pony breeds
[
edit
]
Further information:
Pony
If a breed is described as a "pony" by the breed standard or principal breed registry, it is listed in this section, even if some individuals have horse characteristics. All other breeds are listed in the
§ Horse breeds
section above.
(Because of this designation by the preference of a given breed registry, most
miniature horse
breeds are listed as "horses", not ponies.)
Color "breeds"
[
edit
]
There are some registries that accept horses (and sometimes ponies and mules) of almost any breed or type for registration. Color is either the only criterion for registration or the primary criterion. These are called "
color breeds
", because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor is the
stud book
limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with the color breed registry. There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have a preferred color, not color breeds, and include the
Friesian horse
, the
Cleveland Bay
, the
Appaloosa
, and the
American Paint Horse
.
The best-known "color breed" registries that accept horses from many different breeds are for the following colors:
- Buckskin
: a color which cannot breed "true" due to the
cream gene
which creates it being an
incomplete dominant
- Palomino
: a color which cannot breed "true" due to the cream gene which creates it being an incomplete dominant
- Pinto
: there exists a registry for Pinto-colored horses of varying breeds, distinct from the American Paint Horse registry, though some qualifying horses may be registered in both.
- White
: some of these animals are registered in the United States with the
American creme and white horse registry
, which was once called an "Albino" registry until it was understood that true
albino
does not exist in horses. (
see
White (horse)
and
Dominant white
for details
)
Crossbred registration
[
edit
]
The distinction is hotly debated between a standardized breed, a developing breed with an open studbook, a registry of recognized
crossbred
horses, and a
designer crossbred
. For the purposes of this list, certain groups of horses that have an organization or registry that records individual animals for breeding purposes, at least in some nations, but does not clearly fall to either the breed or type categories are listed here.
This list does not include organizations that record horses strictly for competition purposes.
- AQPS
("Autre Que Pur-Sang"), French designation for riding horses "other than Thoroughbred," usually referring to the
Anglo-Arabian
,
Selle Francais
and other Thoroughbred crosses. There is a registry for AQPS horses in France.
- Arabo-friesian
- Friesian Sporthorse
(a type of Friesian cross)
- German Warmblood
or ZfDP, collective term for any of the various warmblood horses of Germany, of which some may be registered with the nationwide German Horse Breeding Society (ZfDP).
- Gypsy horse
, also called "Gypsy Vanner," "Vanner Horse," "Gypsy Cob," "Irish Cob," "Coloured Cob", and Tinker horse.
- Indian Half-bred
, a half-blood type from India
- Part-Arabian
, a variety of breeds and crossbreeds with a significant amount of documentable Arabian blood, but not pure Arab.
- Spanish Norman
- ZfDP,
see
German Warmblood,
above
.
Types of horse
[
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]
A "type" of horse is not a breed but is used here to categorize groups of horses or horse breeds that are similar in appearance (
phenotype
) or use. A type usually has no
breed registry
, and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there is a recording method or means of
studbook selection
for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or a grouping may include horses that are of no particular
pedigree
but meet a certain standard of appearance or use.
Modern types
[
edit
]
- Baroque horse
,
includes
heavily muscled, powerful, yet agile
Classical dressage
breeds such as the Lipizzaner, Friesian, Andalusian, and Lusitano.
- Cob (horse)
, a body type of small, sturdy, compact and powerful riding horse with a number of breeds and partbreds falling onto the classification
- Colonial Spanish horse
, descendants of the original
Jennet
-type horse brought to North America, now with a number of modern breed names.
- Draft horse
or draught horse
- Feral horse
, a horse living in the wild, but descended from once-domesticated ancestors. Most "wild" horses today are actually feral. The only true wild (never domesticated) horse in the world today is the
Przewalski's horse
.
- Gaited horse
, includes a number of breeds with a hereditary intermediate speed four-beat
ambling
gait, including the
Tennessee Walker
,
Paso Fino
, and many others.
- Garron
, term in Scotland and Ireland for a small sturdy horse or pony.
- Grade horse
, a horse of unknown or mixed breed parentage.
- Hack
, a basic riding horse, particularly in the UK, also includes
Show hack
horses used in competition.
- Heavy warmblood
, heavy carriage and riding horses, predecessors to the modern
warmbloods
, several old-style breeds still in existence today.
- Hunter, a type of jumping horse, either a
show hunter
or a
field hunter
- Hunter pony, a show hunter or
show jumping
animal under 14.2
hands
, may be actually of a horse or pony breed, height determines category of competition.
- Iberian horse
, encompassing horse and pony breeds developed in the
Iberian peninsula
, including the Andalusian, Lusitano and others.
- Mountain and moorland pony breeds
, abbreviated "M&M," a specific group of pony breeds native to the British Isles.
- New Zealand Warmblood
, a developing warmblood type based on Hanoverian and KWPF breeding.
- Oriental horse
, the "hot-blooded" breeds originating in the Middle East, such as the Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Barb, and Turkoman horse
- Polo pony
, a horse used in the sport of
polo
, not actually a pony, usually a full-sized horse, often a
Thoroughbred
.
- Riding horse
or saddle horse; interchangeable terms for a wide variety of horses bred primarily for suitability as riding animals as opposed to draft or harness work.
- Riding Pony
, a term of art used in the United Kingdom for specific types of show ponies.
- Sport horse
or Sporthorse, includes any breeds suitable for use in assorted international competitive disciplines governed by the
FEI
.
- Stock horse
, agile, heavily muscled riding horses of several different breeds, suitable for working
cattle
. Not to be confused with the breed
Australian Stock Horse
. Some representatives colloquially called "cow horse" or "
cow pony
" in the western United States.
- Warmblood
, a group of
Sport horse
breeds developed for modern
Dressage
and other
Olympic
disciplines,
including
the
Dutch Warmblood
,
Hanoverian
,
Swedish Warmblood
,
Westphalian
, etc.
- Windsor Grey
, the
gray
carriage horses of British Royalty.
Archaic types
[
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]
Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down, and horses were classified by physical type or use. Thus, many terms for
Horses in the Middle Ages
did not refer to breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose. These terms included:
Extinct subspecies and breeds
[
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]
This section does not include any species within
evolution of the horse
prior to modern
Equus ferus caballus
.
Extinct subspecies
[
edit
]
Extinct breeds
[
edit
]
Many breeds of horse have become
extinct
, either because they have died out, or because they have been absorbed into another breed:
See also
[
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]
References
[
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]
Horses by region
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Articles
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Lists of breeds
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