Padma Bhushan
|
---|
![Padma Bhushan medal suspended from its riband](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Padma_Bhushan_India_IIe_Klasse.jpg/100px-Padma_Bhushan_India_IIe_Klasse.jpg) |
Type
| National Civilian
|
---|
Country
| India
|
---|
Presented by
|
![State Emblem of India](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/30px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png) Government of India
|
---|
Ribbon
| ![Padma Bhushan riband](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg/100px-Padma_Bhushan_Ribbon.svg.png) |
---|
Obverse
| A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
|
---|
Reverse
| A platinum
State Emblem of India
placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "
Satyameva Jayate
" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
|
---|
Established
| 1954
|
---|
First awarded
| 1954
|
---|
Total
| 200
|
---|
Website
| http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/
![Edit this on Wikidata](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png) |
---|
|
Next (higher)
| Padma Vibhushan
|
---|
Next (lower)
| Padma Shri
|
---|
|
The
Padma Bhushan
is the third-highest
civilian award
of the
Republic of India
.
[1]
Instituted on 2
January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.
[2]
The recipients receive a
Sanad
, a certificate signed by the
President of India
and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on
Republic Day
(26
January) and registered in
The Gazette of India
?a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the
Ministry of Urban Development
.
[3]
The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the
Gazette
. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;
[4]
none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960?1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the
state and the union territory governments
, as well as from
Ministries of the Government of India
, the
Bharat Ratna
and the
Padma Vibhushan awardees
, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the
Chief Ministers
and the
Governors of State
, and the
Members of Parliament
including private individuals.
[3]
When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier
Padma Vibhushan
awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15
January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the
Padma Shri
.
[3]
The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the
public sector undertakings
with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.
[4]
The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion
1
+
3
⁄
4
inches (44 mm) in diameter and
1
⁄
8
inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of
1
+
3
⁄
16
inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter
1
+
1
⁄
16
inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in
Devanagari
script. The
State Emblem of India
is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "
Satyameva Jayate
" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband
1
+
1
⁄
4
inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.
[3]
[4]
It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of
the Indian civilian and military awards
.
[a]
A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s – ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients – two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist
Manikonda Chalapathi Rau
and
Kannada
writer
K. Shivaram Karanth
returned their 1968 awards, while
Sitar
player
Vilayat Khan
refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".
[6]
[b]
Recipients
[
edit
]
Considered one of the "distinguished figure[s] in the Oriya world of letters",
Nilakantha Das
(awarded in 1960) was a poet, essayist, critic, educationist, and linguist.
[8]
: 541
Kazi Nazrul Islam
(awarded in 1960) is the
national poet
of
Bangladesh
.
[9]
Nazrul's activism for political and social justice earned him the title of "Rebel Poet" (
Bidrohi Kobi
).
[10]
Russian artist
Svetoslav Roerich
(awarded in 1961), is known for his paintings of Himalayan valleys and portraits. He is the only artist whose three portraits of
Jawaharlal Nehru
,
Indira Gandhi
and
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
are displayed at the
Central Hall of Parliament
.
[11]
Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee
(awarded in 1962), an Indian jurist, educator and scholar is known for his literary works on
Ismaili
studies and introduced the Ismaili school of jurisprudence. He was the Principal of the
Government Law College, Mumbai
(1938?47) and Vice Chancellor of the
University of Jammu and Kashmir
(1957?60).
[12]
Hindustani classical vocalist
hailing from the
Patiala gharana
,
Khyal
singer
Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
(awarded in 1962) received the
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
for Hindustani Vocal Music in 1962 and was elected the
Fellow of the Akademi
"[f]or his eminence in and service to the cause of music" in 1967.
[13]
Physicist and academic
Sisir Kumar Mitra
(awarded in 1962) is considered a pioneer of radio research in India. Apart from holding various teaching positions he was administrator of the
West Bengal Board of Secondary Education
for six years.
[14]
Narayan Shripad Rajhans alias
Bal Gandharva
(awarded in 1964), is best known for his
Indian classical singing
and performing female roles in Marathi
Sangeet Nataks
(musical dramas) drawing mass appeal from middle-class women of his era.
[15]
Astrophysicist
Jayant Narlikar
(awarded in 1965) is known for advocating the
Steady State theory
, an alternative to the prevalent
Big Bang
model.
[16]
Zubin Mehta
(awarded in 1966) is a musician and
conductor
associated with various international orchestras like
New York Philharmonic
,
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
,
Bavarian State Opera
and has been honoured with American
Kennedy Center Honors
(2006) and Japanese
Praemium Imperiale
(2008).
[17]
M. L. Vasanthakumari
(awarded in 1967) was a
Carnatic classical
singer and
playback singer
of various popular
Tamil films
along with recording songs in
Telugu
,
Malayalam
, and
Kannada
languages.
[18]
Ali Akbar Khan
(awarded in 1967) was a
Hindustani classical musician
, best known for his virtuosity in playing the
sarod
. Khan was the first Indian musician to receive the
MacArthur Foundation Fellowship
in 1991 and was nominated for the
Grammy Award
five time between 1970 and 1998.
[19]
C. R. Rao
(awarded in 1968) is one of the pioneers of modern statistics. He received the
National Medal of Science
from the
President of the United States
in 2002.
[20]
Textile industrialist
Kasturbhai Lalbhai
(awarded in 1969) was a prominent name in pre-independent India
'
s business circle and his group of businesses was the tenth largest cotton consumer of India in 1930 and the seventh largest in 1939.
[21]
Considered the "Pitamaha" (the grand sire) among
Carnatic musicians
,
[22]
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
(awarded in 1969) was a Carnatic vocalist and was awarded the
Sangeetha Kalanidhi
awarded by the
Madras Music Academy
in 1947.
[23]
Explanatory notes
[
edit
]
- Non-citizen recipients
- ^
Kazi Nazrul Islam was accorded the citizenship of Bangladesh in January 1976.
[25]
- ^
Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom
- ^
Indicates a citizen of Russia
- ^
Indicates a citizen of Canada
- ^
C. R. Rao was accorded the citizenship of the United States in 1995.
[20]
- ^
a
b
Indicates a citizen of the United States
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry"
.
Firstpost
. 25 September 2017.
Archived
from the original on 26 December 2017
. Retrieved
26 December
2017
.
- ^
Lal, Shavax A. (1954).
"The Gazette of India?Extraordinary?Part I"
(PDF)
.
The Gazette of India
. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 14 May 2014
. Retrieved
31 March
2018
.
The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Padma Awards Scheme"
(PDF)
. Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 9 February 2018
. Retrieved
28 September
2015
.
- ^
a
b
c
Ayyar, N. M. (1955).
"The Gazette of India?Extraordinary?Part I"
(PDF)
.
The Gazette of India
. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 18 May 2014
. Retrieved
31 March
2018
.
All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.
- ^
"Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals"
. Indian Army.
Archived
from the original on 3 March 2016
. Retrieved
22 November
2015
.
- ^
a
b
Kumar, A. Prasanna (1983).
"The Privilege of Knowing M. C."
.
Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance
. Vol. 52. Triveni Publishers
. Retrieved
15 March
2016
.
- ^
Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011).
India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic
. ABC-CLIO. p. 411.
ISBN
978-0-313-37462-3
.
- ^
George, K. M. (1992).
Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Plays and prose
. Vol. 3. Sahitya Akademi. p. 727.
ISBN
978-81-7201-783-5
.
- ^
Talukdar, Rezaul Karim (1994).
Nazrul, the gift of the century
. Dhaka: Manan. p. 121.
ISBN
9848156003
.
In 1976 Nazrul was awarded the citizenship of Bangladesh.
- ^
Amin, S. N. (1 January 1996).
The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876?1939
. BRILL. p. 159.
ISBN
9004106421
.
- ^
Chandel, Shakti Singh (24 October 2004).
"Svetoslav Roerich: The artist who loved India's soul"
.
The Tribune (Chandigarh)
. Archived from
the original
on 14 March 2016
. Retrieved
14 March
2016
.
- ^
Daftary, Farhad (2014).
Fifty Years in the East: The Memoirs of Wladimir Ivanow
. I.B. Tauris. p. 91.
ISBN
978-1-78453-152-2
.
- ^
"Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellow"
. New Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi
. Retrieved
4 January
2017
.
- ^
The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948?1981
. Universities Press. 2003. pp. 741?742.
ISBN
978-81-7371-433-7
.
- ^
Bakhle, Janaki (2006).
Two Men And Music
. Orient Blackswan. pp. 89?90.
ISBN
978-81-7824-157-9
.
- ^
D'Monte, Leslie (24 January 2015).
"I don't subscribe to the bandwagon idea of Big Bang: Jayant Vishnu Narlikar"
.
Livemint
. Archived from
the original
on 4 March 2016
. Retrieved
15 March
2016
.
- ^
"Profile: Zubin Mehta"
. Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 March 2016. Archived from
the original
on 7 September 2015
. Retrieved
28 March
2016
.
- ^
Gopal, Rupa (8 November 2002).
"Voice with an enchanting lilt"
.
The Hindu
. Archived from
the original
on 24 January 2005
. Retrieved
28 March
2016
.
- ^
"Ali Akbar Khan: Many firsts to his credit"
.
The Hindu
. 19 June 2009. Archived from
the original
on 22 June 2009
. Retrieved
23 March
2018
.
- ^
a
b
"The Numberdars"
.
Times Crest
. 1 October 2001. Archived from
the original
on 23 March 2016
. Retrieved
14 March
2016
.
- ^
Piramal, Gita (1999).
Business Legends
. Penguin Books India. p. 349.
ISBN
978-0-14-027187-4
.
He was the tenth largest cotton consumer in the country in 1930 and seventh largest in 1939. ... Kasturbhai group assets in 1939 were Rs. 2.33 crore, which made it India's 30th largest business house or 13th largest Indian business family.
- ^
"Semmangudi passes away"
.
The Hindu
. 1 November 2003
. Retrieved
23 March
2018
.
[
dead link
]
- ^
"Sangeetha Kalanidhi awards"
. Sangeetha Kalanidhi
. Retrieved
23 March
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Padma Awards Directory (1954?2017)"
(PDF)
(Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2017. pp. 6?20.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 14 January 2021
. Retrieved
6 February
2022
.
- ^
Mitra, Priti Kumar (2007).
The Dissent of Nazrul Islam: Poetry and History
. Oxford University Press. p. 93.
ISBN
978-0-19-568398-1
.
- ^
Vadukut, Sidin (21 October 2015).
"Deja View: Thanks, but no thanks"
.
Live Mint
.
Archived
from the original on 19 February 2017
. Retrieved
18 February
2017
.
External links
[
edit
]
|
---|
1960
| |
---|
1961
| |
---|
1962
| |
---|
1963
| |
---|
1964
| |
---|
1965
| |
---|
1966
| |
---|
1967
| |
---|
1968
| |
---|
1969
| |
---|
|
|
---|
Civilian
| National
| Children
| |
---|
Women
| |
---|
Police
| |
---|
Bureaucrats
| |
---|
|
---|
Central
| |
---|
By field
| |
---|
International
| |
---|
| |
---|
Military
| Wartime
| |
---|
Peacetime
| |
---|
Distinguished
service and gallantry
| |
---|
Service and
campaign medals
| |
---|
Independence awards
| |
---|
Other awards
| |
---|
|
---|