From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From 2000 to the present, at least 28
tropical
or
subtropical cyclones
affected the U.S. state of
Louisiana
. According to David Roth of the
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
(HPC), a tropical cyclone makes
landfall
along the coastline about two times every three years, and a hurricane makes landfall once every 2.8 years.
[1]
The most active month for tropical cyclone activity in the state is September, with ten total storms, while no recorded storms have affected Louisiana during the months of December through May. The most intense storm to affect the state in terms of
barometric pressure
is
Hurricane Katrina
of 2005, which also caused the most fatalities and damage with 1,833 total deaths and over $100 billion in total damages.
[nb 1]
Katrina is also tied with
Hurricane Harvey
of 2017 as the
costliest
hurricane in the Atlantic basin. The
2020 hurricane season
has seen the most landfalling tropical cyclones in a single season with 5 total storms. In terms of
wind speed
,
Hurricane Ida
,
Hurricane Laura
, and the
1856 Last Island hurricane
are the strongest storms to affect the state, each producing
maximum sustained winds
of 150 mph (240 km/h), equivalent to
Category 4
on the
Saffir?Simpson hurricane scale
.
2000?2004
[
edit
]
- September 9, 2000 ?
Tropical Depression Nine
makes landfall near the
Texas
and Louisiana border as a tropical depression with winds of 30 mph (48 km/h).
[2]
Although the depression makes landfall on Texas, most of the rain associated with the system affects Louisiana, where rainfall peaks at 6.70 in (17.0 cm).
[3]
At the coast, Tropical Depression Nine brings a
storm surge
peaking at 3 ft (0.91 m).
[4]
In
Terrebonne Parish
, strong
thunderstorm
winds associated with the depression damage trailers and boats in Bayou Black, resulting in $2,500 in damages.
[5]
- Early?June 2001 ?
Tropical Storm Allison
makes landfall near
Freeport, Texas
on June 5, consequently stalling over the state before moving offshore and subsequently making a second landfall on
Morgan City
as a subtropical depression on June 11 with winds of 30 mph (48 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg).
[6]
This results in catastrophic flooding across the state.
[7]
Rainfall from Allison peaks at 29.92 in (76.0 cm) in
Thibodaux
,
[8]
ranking as the second?wettest tropical cyclone in state history, only behind a
hurricane in 1940
.
[9]
Major river flooding occurs in
Amite River
and
Comite River
, which experience their highest water levels since 1983. Homes are destroyed and swept away by flooding across the state.
[10]
In
Zachary
, a man is killed after a
tornado
knocks a tree onto his truck.
[1]
Damages from Tropical Storm Allison in Louisiana alone total to $65 million.
[11]
- August 6, 2001 ?
Tropical Storm Barry
causes tides of 2?3 ft (0.61?0.91 m) along the southeastern coast of Louisiana before it makes landfall on
Santa Rosa Beach, Florida
on August 6. Prior to making landfall, tropical storm
watches
and
warnings
are issued along the Gulf Coast, west to
New Orleans
.
[12]
- August 5, 2002 ?
Tropical Storm Bertha
makes landfall on
Boothville
as a minimal tropical storm with wind speeds of 40 mph (64 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1,008 mbar (29.8 inHg), moving across Louisiana as a weakening system before moving back into the Gulf of Mexico on August 7.
[13]
The storm drops scattered rainfall across the state, peaking southwest of
Franklinton
at 10.25 in (26.0 cm).
[14]
Streets were flooded by the heavy rainfall in
Slidell
.
[15]
In
St. Tammany Parish
,
surface runoff
from
flash flooding
causes some rivers to exceed flood stage.
[16]
Damage in Louisiana totaled to $150,000 (2002 USD, $260,000 2024 USD).
- September 5, 2002 ?
Tropical Storm Fay
develops offshore the Louisiana coast before making landfall in Texas as a moderate tropical storm. West of
Cameron
, Fay causes a
storm surge
as high as 2.5 ft (0.76 m), resulting in minor
beach erosion
and coastal highway flooding.
[17]
Tropical Storm Fay's outer rainbands drop light rainfall over eastern and southern portions of the state, peaking at 4.64 in (11.8 cm) in
Grand Isle
.
[8]
Prior to making landfall, a tropical storm warning is issued for western parts of Louisiana east to
Intracoastal City
.
[18]
- September 14, 2002 ?
Tropical Storm Hanna
makes landfall near the
mouth
of the
Mississippi River
as a moderate tropical storm with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h), before subsequently making landfall on the border between
Alabama
and
Mississippi
.
[19]
Despite making landfall on Louisiana, as a result of
convection
displaced east of the center, the state receives primarily minimal effects from Hanna. No significant flooding resulted from high
tides
caused by the storm.
[20]
Rainfall is confined to extreme eastern portions of the state, where rainfall peaks at 1.72 in (4.4 cm) in Sondeheimer, Louisiana.
[8]
- September 26, 2002 ?
Hurricane Isidore
makes landfall just west of
Grand Isle
as a Tropical Storm with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h), having significantly weakened after stalling over the
Yucatan Peninsula
.
[21]
Rainfall is widespread across the state, peaking at 15.97 in (406 mm) in
Metarie
.
[8]
The heavy rains cause the failure of drainage systems, leaving numerous streets flooded. In Terrebonne Parish, 200?300 homes are flooded. The rains also damage large plots of sugar cane crop in Southwest Louisiana.
[20]
- October 3, 2002 ?
Hurricane Lili
made landfall on the morning of October 3 near Intracoastal City, as a weakening category 1 hurricane. Wind gusts reaching 120 mph (190 km/h), coupled with over 6 inches (150 mm) of rainfall and a storm surge of 12 feet (3.7 m) caused over $790 million (2002 USD) in damage to Louisiana. A total of 237,000 people lost power, and oil rigs offshore were shut down for up to a week. Crops were badly affected, particularly the sugar cane, damage totaled nearly $175 million (2002 USD). No direct deaths were reported as early warnings and the compact nature of the storm circumvented major loss of life.
- June 30, 2003 ?
Tropical Storm Bill
brought a moderate storm surge peaking at 5.8 ft (1.8 m) at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium facility in
Chauvin
. In
Montegut
, the surge breached a levee still was damaged from the effects of Hurricane Lili 9 months before. The breach flooded many homes in the town, forcing the evacuation of an entire neighborhood. As a result, 150 homes in the town were damaged, with half of them severely. The storm surge affected numerous low-lying cities in southeastern Louisiana by flooding roadways, including the only road to Grand Isle, stranding residents and visitors. The floodwaters entered a few homes and businesses in St. Tammany Parish. Damage from the storm surge totaled to $4.1 million (2003 USD). Rough waves sank two boats offshore, though their occupants were rescued.
- August 31, 2003 ?
Tropical Storm Grace
drops light rainfall across the state.
- September 15?16 and September 22-23, 2004 ? Around the time
Hurricane Ivan
's initial landfall in Alabama, the storm produced wind gusts as strong as 100 mph (160 km/h) at the
Southwest Pass
of the Mississippi River. In Plaquemines Parish, several school and government building as well as about 100 mobile homes. Additionally, about 50 electrical poles were toppled. About a dozen structure in St. Bernard Parish were damaged. Storm surge flooded several low-lying areas in southeastern Louisiana. About 55,000 customers lost power during the storm. Four people died during evacuation and damage in the state reached roughly $7.9 million. Upon the storm's second landfall in
Holly Beach
resulted in minor
coastal flooding
, with damage totaling only about $15,000. Inland, generally light rainfall was recorded.
- October 10, 2004 ?
Tropical Storm Matthew
caused a storm surge of up to 5.85 ft (1.78 m) in
Frenier, Louisiana
. The storm surge and waves resulted in significant beach erosion in Grand Isle. Portions of Louisiana experienced significant rainfall, including a peak of 18 inches (460 mm) in
Haynesville
. In addition, a tornado caused damage to the roof of a trailer in Golden Meadow. Rainfall and storm surge flooded 20 homes in Terrebonne Parish. In addition, several homes in Lafouche Parish experienced flooding, including two with over two feet of water. Numerous homes in Golden Meadow experienced flooding, as well. The flooding also forced the temporary closing of numerous roads across the state, including portions of
Route 11
and
Interstate 10
. Flood waters from the storm cracked a water line in
LaPlace
, leaving nearly 30,000 residents and many businesses without tap water. The problem was expected to take little time to fix, though residents were advised to boil the water before drinking it. Matthew also left 2,500 people without power for a short period of time. The storm's impact also closed several schools. In all, Matthew caused $255,000 in damage (2004 USD).
2005?2009
[
edit
]
- July 5, 2005 ?
Hurricane Cindy
brought wind gusts of 70 mph (110 km/h) to New Orleans, downing many trees. Rainfall also left scattered street flooding. With thousands losing electrical power, the city experienced its worst blackout since
Hurricane Betsy
in 1965, only to be trumped by Hurricane Katrina less than eight weeks later.
- July 10, 2005 ?
Hurricane Dennis
produced light precipitation and a wind gust of 47 mph (76 km/h) at
Lakefront Airport
in New Orleans.
- August 29, 2005 ? Although
Hurricane Katrina
's eye came ashore in lower Plaquemines Parish Louisiana, the resulting storm surge resulted in multiple levee failures in the New Orleans area, flooding approximately 80% of the city, with some places being inundated by more than 15 ft (4.6 m) of water. The failures of the levees were considered the worst engineering disaster in the history of the United States. Thousands of people were stranded inside their homes or on rooftops and required rescue from boats and helicopters. Many buildings and homes were damaged, with 134,000 housing units – approximately 70% of residences in New Orleans – were impacted to some degree. The
Superdome
, which was sheltering many people who had not evacuated, sustained significant damage. Two sections of the Superdome's roof were compromised and the dome's waterproof membrane had essentially been peeled off. The famous
French Quarter
and
Garden District
escaped flooding because those area are above sea level. A total of 573 deaths occurred in New Orleans alone.
Several other parishes were severely impacted by the storm. Many areas outside of New Orleans also suffered wind damage, especially St. Tammany and Washington parishes. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, in St. Bernard Parish, 81% (20,229) of the housing units were damaged. In St. Tammany Parish, 70% (48,792) were damaged, and in Plaquemines Parish 80% (7,212) were damaged. Nearly 900,000 Louisianians were left without electricity. Throughout the state, 1,577 fatalities were reported. Overall, it is estimated that Hurricane Katrina caused $108 billion in damage throughout the Southern United States, with much of the damage occurring in Louisiana and Mississippi.
- September 24, 2005 ?
Hurricane Rita
made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on the Texas-Louisiana border with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph. Devastaing storm surge destroyed coastal communities in Cameron Parish such as Holly Beach, but only one person was killed throughout the state due to mass evacuations which were heeded in the wake of the devastation wrought by Katrina nearly a month prior to New Orleans. Damage totaled at least $8 billion throughout the state.
- September 13, 2007 ?
Hurricane Humberto
passed through the state as a weakening tropical storm after making landfall at
High Island, Texas
as a Category 1 hurricane. Damage and impacts were fairly limited across the state.
- September 22, 2007 ?
Tropical Depression Ten
was the first tropical cyclone to directly threaten New Orleans since Katrina. Damage and impacts were generally limited across the state, however.
- August 4, 2008 ?
Tropical Storm Edouard
made landfall near
Gilchrist, Texas
with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph. Tropical storm force winds occurred in several locations across southwest Louisiana, but impacts were limited in scope.
- September 1, 2008 ?
Hurricane Gustav
reached the Louisiana coast on the morning of September 1, making landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana as a Category 2 with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph. The center of the storm continued northwest across the state resulting in significant damage and 7 deaths; 34 parishes were declared as disaster areas.
- September 13, 2008 ?
Hurricane Ike
made landfall on
Galveston Island
in Texas as a large, high-end Category 2 with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph. Significant storm surge occurred across the southwest Louisiana coast and 6 people died across the state from the storm.
- November 10, 2009 ?
Hurricane Ida
passed by the southeast Louisiana coast as a weakening tropical storm before making landfall near
Dauphin Island, Alabama
.
2010?2019
[
edit
]
- July 25?26, 2010 ? The remnants of
Tropical Storm Bonnie
produced a localized heavy rain event on July 25, with 8 to 9 in (200 to 230 mm) of rain falling in
West Baton Rouge Parish
. More than 100 homes were flooded and 20 bridges and roads were washed away. Severe weather related to the system caused further damage the following day. In all, damage from Bonnie amounted to $810,000.
[22]
[23]
[24]
- Mid?August 2010 ?
Tropical Depression Five
? The remnants of Tropical Depression Five make two separate landfalls within the state. Upon its classification as a Tropical Depression, the
National Hurricane Center
issues a
tropical storm warning
for much of southern Louisiana, including
New Orleans
. The storm ultimately dissipates prior to reaching the coastline, and the remnants of the cyclone produce riptides and strong waves along the coast. A local National Weather Service office issues
flood watches
for up to twelve Louisiana parishes. As the remnants of the cyclone regain strength in the
Gulf of Mexico
and approach the state for a second time, a
coastal flood watch
is issued for southern portions of the state. Up to sixteen hours of intense rain and thunderstorms flood at least 40 buildings and structures in
Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
.
- September 4, 2011 ?
Tropical Storm Lee
? A state of emergency is declared for
New Orleans
ahead of Lee, with the threat of the storm prompting the preparation of rescue boats across the city and city officials ordering the closure of
floodgates
. Due to its slow and erratic motion across the state, Lee drops torrential rainfall across much of southern Louisiana.
Headwinds
from the storm fan a large and destructive fire in
Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
, where about 400 acres of land is set ablaze and subsequently destroyed. In addition, several homes in
Slidell
are inundated by a four-foot storm surge. New Orleans also suffers sporadic power outages, but escapes with only minor flooding.
- June 23?24, 2012 ? Initially forecast to brush the state as a hurricane,
[25]
Tropical Storm Debby
prompted a state of emergency.
[26]
The storm ultimately tracked far right of early predictions and struck Florida. Several days of onshore flow led to a storm surge in southeastern areas of the state, peaking at 2.68 ft (0.82 m) in
Shell Beach
.
[25]
- August 29, 2012 ?
Hurricane Isaac
? Isaac comes ashore the state twice as a large Category 1 hurricane, producing an eleven-foot storm surge in Shell Beach. The storm produces sustained tropical storm-force winds and hurricane-force wind gusts in
Grand Isle
, leaving over 600,000 customers without power across the state. The city of LaPlace, St. John the Baptist Parish was one of the hardest hit areas. A lack of a hurricane levee system and 8?10 ft storm surge caused massive flooding of hundreds of homes. Over 3,000 residents had to be rescued from their homes. In addition, many pumping stations in
Slidell
were unable to keep up with rainfall rates and the city suffered flood damage as a result.
- October 6, 2013 ? A state of emergency was declared ahead of
Tropical Storm Karen
;
[27]
however, the storm dissipated over the northern Gulf of Mexico and had negligible effects in the state.
[28]
Rainfall was predominantly less than 1 in (25 mm), with a localized peak around 3 in (76 mm).
[29]
- June 22, 2017 ?
Tropical Storm Cindy
made landfall in extreme southwest Louisiana just east of
Sabine Pass
with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph, making it the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in the state since
Hurricane Isaac
in 2012.
- August 30, 2017 ?
Hurricane Harvey
made its third and final United States landfall in the
Sabine Pass
as a weakened tropical storm causing significant flooding across southwest Louisiana.
- October 8, 2017 ?
Hurricane Nate
made landfall in the
Mississippi River
delta with 85 mph winds causing some moderate damage.
- July 13, 2019 ?
Hurricane Barry
made its first
landfall
at
Marsh Island
followed shortly thereafter with its second and final landfall near
Intracoastal City
as a minimal Category 1 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph. Barry was one of four hurricanes to hit Louisiana at
Category 1 intensity
in the month of July, the others being
Bob
in
1979
,
Danny
in
1997
, and
Cindy
in
2005
. Before Barry was classified as an official tropical system, it has dropped a total of 6 to 9 in (150 to 230 mm) of rainfall all across the city of New Orleans, caused flooding throughout the city.
[30]
With fears that the levees won't support the rainfall rates from Barry combined with an already swollen
Mississippi River
, the
United States Army Corps of Engineers
issued a mandatory evacuation for
Plaquemines Parish
.
[31]
The slow moving storm has dropped locally heavy rain with a peak total of 23.43 in (595 mm) near
Ragley, Louisiana
.
[32]
- October 26, 2019 ? The remnants of
Tropical Storm Olga
produced 10?15 in (254?381 mm) throughout Southeastern Louisiana.
2020?present
[
edit
]
- June 7, 2020 ?
Tropical Storm Cristobal
made landfall east of
Grand Isle
with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph. Storm surge from Cristobal reached a total of 5 ft (1.5 m) along the coastline. Infrastructure damage to southern Louisiana totaled nearly $150 million.
- August 24, 2020 ?
Hurricane Marco
, passed just south of the
Mississippi River
delta as a weak tropical storm.
- August 27, 2020 ?
Hurricane Laura
, as a high-end Category 4 hurricane, made landfall near the Louisiana?Texas border in
Cameron Parish
and simultaneously tied the
1856 Last Island hurricane
as the strongest tropical cyclone ever to make landfall in Louisiana with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph. Storm surge as high as 17 feet was measured at Rutherford Beach and a wind gust of 137 mph was recorded at
Lake Charles
. Widespread severe damage occurred across southwest Louisiana with coastal areas experiencing devastating storm surge and inland areas experiencing catastrophic wind damage. 33 people died in Louisiana from the storm and an estimated $17.5 billion in damage was inflicted across the state.
[33]
- October 9, 2020 ?
Hurricane Delta
made landfall 15 miles east of where Laura made landfall as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph. Delta hampered the ongoing recovery efforts from Laura which made landfall six weeks prior.
[34]
- October 28, 2020 ?
Hurricane Zeta
made landfall near
Cocodrie, Louisiana
as a Category 3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph,
[35]
with the
eye
passing directly over the entire city of
New Orleans
. Zeta also surpassed the
1921 Tampa Bay hurricane
for the latest date in a calendar year in which a major hurricane has made landfall in the continental United States.
- June 19, 2021 ?
Tropical Storm Claudette
formed near
Houma, Louisiana
and brought gusty winds and heavy rainfall to the southeastern portions of the state.
- August 29, 2021 -
Hurricane Ida
made landfall at
Port Fourchon, Louisiana
as a high-end Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph, the same day as the 16th anniversary of Katrina making landfall in the state. 33 people were killed and at least $18 billion in insured damage was inflicted across the state.
Monthly statistics
[
edit
]
Number of recorded storms affecting Louisiana
Month
|
Number of storms
|
June
|
|
July
|
|
August
|
|
September
|
|
October
|
|
November
|
|
Deadly storms
[
edit
]
The following is a list of hurricanes that caused known deaths in the state.
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
All damage totals are in the value of the
USD
during the storm's year of existence.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center.
Louisiana Hurricane History
(PDF)
.
United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service
. Retrieved
December 28,
2012
.
- ^
Beven, Jack L. (November 17, 2000).
"Tropical Depression Nine"
. National Hurricane Center. Archived from
the original
on 2 December 2012
. Retrieved
14 December
2012
.
- ^
Roth, David M.
"Tropical Depression #9 - September 5-10, 2000"
. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
. Retrieved
14 December
2012
.
- ^
"Tropical depression forms in gulf"
.
St. Petersburg Times
. September 9, 2000
. Retrieved
14 December
2012
.
- ^
United States Department of Commerce (September 2000). Del Greco, Stephen (ed.).
"September 2000"
(PDF)
.
Storm Data
.
42
(9). Asheville, North Carolina: 59
. Retrieved
14 December
2012
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
Stewart, Stacy R. (February 28, 2001).
Tropical Storm Allison Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from
the original
on 16 September 2008
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
Roth, David M.
"Tropical Storm Allison - June 4-18, 2001"
. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Roth, David M.; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center.
"Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Gulf Coast"
. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service
. Retrieved
December 28,
2012
.
- ^
Roth, David M.; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center's Forecast Operations Branch; National Centers for Environmental Prediction (June 20, 2011).
"HPC Storm Summary #52 for T.D. Allison"
. Camp Springs, Maryland: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from
the original
on December 22, 2007
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
United States Department of Commerce; National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (June 2001). Del Greco, Stephen; Hinson, Stuart; Mooring, Rhonda (eds.).
"June 2001"
(PDF)
.
Storm Data
.
43
(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 152
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
a
b
Risk Management Solutions.
Tropical Storm Allison, June 2001
(PDF)
(Report). National Hurricane Center. p. 1. Archived from
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(PDF)
on 23 February 2014
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
Beven, Jack (April 22, 2002).
Tropical Storm Barry Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
Beven, Jack (November 20, 2002).
Tropical Storm Bertha Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
Roth, David M.
"Tropical Storm Bertha - August 3-9, 2002"
. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
"Storm Bertha dumps rain along Gulf Coast"
.
St. Petersburg Times
. New Orleans, Louisiana. Associated Press. August 6, 2002. p. 3A
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
United States Department of Commerce (August 2002). Angel, William (ed.).
"August 2002"
(PDF)
.
Storm Data
.
44
(8). Asheville, North Carolina: 98
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
Stewart, Stacy R. (June 23, 2003).
Tropical Storm Fay Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
"Tropical Storm Fay threatens Texas, Louisiana"
. Cable News Network. September 6, 2002. Archived from
the original
on 13 August 2012
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
Franklin, James L.; Rhome, Jamie R. (December 16, 2002).
Tropical Storm Hanna Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from
the original
on 22 October 2011
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
a
b
United States Department of Commerce; National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service; National Climatic Data Center (September 2002). Angel, William; Hinson, Stuart; Mooring, Rhonda (eds.).
"September 2002"
(PDF)
.
Storm Data
.
44
(9). Asheville, North Carolina: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 65
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
a
b
Avila, Lixion A. (December 20, 2002).
Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
17 March
2013
.
- ^
"Louisiana Event Report: Flash Flood"
. National Climatic Data Center. 2010. Archived from
the original
on May 22, 2024
. Retrieved
October 21,
2010
.
- ^
"Louisiana Event Report: Flash Flood"
. National Climatic Data Center. 2010. Archived from
the original
on May 22, 2024
. Retrieved
October 21,
2010
.
- ^
"Louisiana Event Report: Thunderstorm Winds"
. National Climatic Data Center. 2010. Archived from
the original
on May 22, 2024
. Retrieved
October 21,
2010
.
- ^
a
b
Todd B. Kimberlain (February 21, 2013).
Tropical Storm Debby
(PDF)
(Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida:
National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
November 13,
2015
.
- ^
"Tropical Storm Debby turns sights on Florida, Alabama; Gulf oil production curtailed"
.
NBC News
. June 24, 2012
. Retrieved
March 30,
2013
.
- ^
"Latest track shows weaker Karen making hard right turn"
.
WESH TV
. Orlando, Florida. October 6, 2013
. Retrieved
April 17,
2014
.
- ^
Todd B. Kimberlain (January 8, 2014).
Tropical Storm Karen
(PDF)
(Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida:
National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
November 13,
2015
.
- ^
David M. Roth (n.d.).
"Tropical Storm Karen - October 3?15, 2013"
. College Park, Maryland:
Weather Prediction Center
. Retrieved
November 13,
2015
.
- ^
Stewart, Stacy R. (July 10, 2019).
Potential Tropical Cyclone Two Intermediate Advisory Number 1A
(Report). National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
July 10,
2019
.
- ^
Roberts III, Faimon A. (July 10, 2019).
"Mandatory evacuation in Plaquemines: Order to leave East Bank goes into effect Thursday"
. New Orleans, Louisiana: NOLA.com
. Retrieved
July 10,
2019
.
- ^
Lamers (July 16, 2019).
Post-Tropical Cyclone Barry Advisory Number 25
(Report). Weather Prediction Center
. Retrieved
July 16,
2019
.
- ^
"Hurricane LAURA"
.
www.nhc.noaa.gov
. Retrieved
August 26,
2020
.
- ^
"Hurricane DELTA"
.
www.nhc.noaa.gov
. Retrieved
October 9,
2020
.
- ^
"Hurricane ZETA"
.
www.nhc.noaa.gov
. Retrieved
October 28,
2020
.
- ^
Beven, John L.; Hagen, Andrew; Berg, Robbie (April 4, 2022).
Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ida
(PDF)
(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
April 5,
2022
.
- ^
Johnathan Manning (September 18, 2020).
"Calcasieu updates on Laura recovery ? Sept. 18"
.
KPLC
.
Archived
from the original on September 19, 2020
. Retrieved
September 18,
2020
.
- ^
Beven II, John L.; Kimberlain, Todd B. (September 15, 2009).
Hurricane Gustav
(PDF)
.
Tropical Cyclone Report
(Report). National Hurricane Center
. Retrieved
28 December
2012
.
- ^
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