Argentina
[
edit
]
Panettone
(known locally as
pan dulce
) and
turron
are the most popular Christmas sweets in Argentina regardless of
socioeconomic status
, with 76% of Argentines choosing the former and 59% the latter in 2015.
[2]
Mantecol
, a typical peanut dessert, is also popular, being favored by 49% of Argentines in the same survey.
[3]
Sparkling wines
,
ciders
and
frizzantes
concentrate most of their sales during Christmas season; sparkling wine is mostly consumed by small families with high and medium socioeconomic status living in
Greater Buenos Aires
and the country's largest cities, while cider and frizzantes are popular among lower classes and large families.
[3]
Australia
[
edit
]
Bangladesh
[
edit
]
Belarus
[
edit
]
Belgium
[
edit
]
Brazil
[
edit
]
Canada
[
edit
]
- Buche de Noel
- Butter tarts
- Candy canes
- Christmas pudding
- Eggnog
- Fruitcake
- Mince pie
- Cranberry sauce
- Roasted turkey
- Brussels Sprouts
- Mashed Potatoes
and
Gravy
,
- Shortbread
- Stuffing
(also known as Trimming or Dressing)
- Trifle
- Tourtiere
- Ragout de Boulettes
(Meatball Stew)
- Ragout de Pattes de Cochon
(Stewed Pig's Feet)
- Salted Beef
(commonly known as
Corned Beef
)
- Fish and Brewis
- Gingerbread
cookies (or Ginger and Molasses cookies)
- Figgy duff (pudding)
- Christmas slush
(made from a mixture of fruit juices, vodka, ginger ale, or lemon-lime soda)
- Roasted chestnuts
- Christmas cookies
- Snowball dessert
(made with cocoa, rolled oats & coconut)
- Nanaimo Bar
- Mulled Wine
- Christmas Ham
- Tarte au sucre
- Hot chocolate
(also known as "hot cocoa", in various flavours like peppermint, white chocolate, etc.)
- Gingerbread house
- Sweet potatoes
or
Yam
- Hot
Apple cider
- Raw
Caribou
,
Seal meat
, and
Muktuk
(eaten in Nunuvut by the local Indigenous communities)
- Arctic char
(raw or cooked)
Chile
[
edit
]
China and Taiwan
[
edit
]
Colombia
[
edit
]
Colombian Christmas dishes are mostly sweets and desserts. Some of the most popular dishes include:
- Bunuelos
- Natilla
- Manjar blanco
- Hojaldres
- Brevas dessert with cheese
- Christmas cookies
- Sweet bread filled with fruits like raisins and raspberries.
- Lechona (rice baked inside a pig, with peas, the meat of the pig and other delicacies)
- Tamales
- Ponque envinado (red wine cake)
- Turkey
- Pernil de Cerdo (pork leg, usually roasted)
- Potato salad
- Panettone
Cuba
[
edit
]
Czech Republic and Slovakia
[
edit
]
Before the Christmas holidays, many kinds of sweet biscuits are prepared. These sweet biscuits are then served during the whole Christmas period and exchanged among friends and neighbours. Also very popular are a preparation of small gingerbreads garnished by sugar icing.
Denmark
[
edit
]
- Æbleskiver
? traditional Danish dough ball made in a special pan (a type of
doughnut
with no hole), sprinkled with
powdered sugar
and served with
raspberry
or
strawberry
jam
- Sylte ? a form of
head cheese
, a terrine or meat jelly made from pork, traditionally pig's head was used
- Julesild ? spiced
pickled herring
often flavoured with Christmas spices such as
cloves
and
allspice
- Boiled whole potatoes
- Brun sovs (
brown sauce
) ? a traditional dark gravy, used to cover meat dishes like roasted pork and duck (
flæskesteg
,
andesteg
) and the boiled potato
- Brunede kartofler ? caramelised
potatoes
- Julebryg ?
Christmas beer
[24]
- Gløgg
?
mulled
red wine combined with spices, sugar, raisins and chopped almonds typically served warm
- Risalamande
?
rice pudding
. A dish made from rice, whipped cream and almonds, served cold with
cherry
sauce (
kirsebærsauce
)
[25]
[26]
- Flæskesteg
? roast
pork
with cracklings
- Andesteg ?
roast duck
with apple and prune stuffing
- Rødkal ?
red cabbage
pickled, sweet-sour red cabbage served hot as a side dish
- Christmas cookies ? Vaniljekranse, klejner, jødekager, pebernødder, honningkager, brunkager and finskbrød
- Konfekt, marzipan, caramelised fruits, nougat and chocolate-covered nuts
- Ground nuts
Dominican Republic
[
edit
]
Drinks:
Desserts:
- Bunuelos
? fried cassava dough balls covered in spiced flavored syrup
- Turron
? honey and almond nougat. Tradition from Spain
- Vaniljekranse ? Danish
butter cookies
- Fruits and nuts ? a variety of nuts, fresh, and dried fruit
Finland
[
edit
]
Christmas smorgasbord from Finland, "
Joulupoyta
", (translated "Yule table"), a traditional display of Christmas food
[27]
served at Christmas in Finland, similar to the Swedish
smorgasbord
, including:
Other meat dishes could be:
Desserts:
- Rice pudding
or rice porridge topped with cinnamon, sugar and cold milk or with mixed fruit soup (
riisipuuro
)
- Joulutorttu, traditionally a star-shaped piece of puff-pastry with prune marmalade in the middle
- Gingerbread
,
[27]
sometimes in the form of a
gingerbread house
or
gingerbread man
(
piparkakut
)
- Mixed fruit soup or prune soup,
kissel
(
sekahedelmakiisseli, luumukiisseli
)
Drinks:
- Glogg
or
mulled wine
(
glogi
)
- Christmas beer (
Jouluolut
); local manufacturers produce Christmas varieties
[28]
- "Home beer" (non-alcoholic beer-like drink, similar to the Russian beverage
kvass
) (
kotikalja
)
France
[
edit
]
Germany
[
edit
]
- Christstollen
[33]
? Stollen is a fruitcake with bits of candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds and spices such as cardamom and cinnamon; sprinkled with
confectioners sugar
. Often there's also a core of marzipan.
[34]
- Pfefferkuchenhaus
? a gingerbread house decorated with candies, sweets and sugar icing (in reference to the gingerbread house of the fairy tale Hansel and Gretel)
- Printen
[35]
- Oblaten
Lebkuchen
- Springerle
- Weihnachtsplatzchen (
Christmas cookies
)
- Carp
- Roast goose
, often paired with
kartoffelklosse
- Venison
? e.g. meat of
roe deer
usually served with red cabbage, brussels sprout and
lingonberry sauce
- Herring salad ? salad of pickled or
soused herring
, beetroot, potatoes, apple
- Kartoffelsalat (potato salad) with Wurst (sausages) is traditionally eaten in northern Germany for supper on Christmas Eve
- Schaufele
(a corned, smoked ham) usually served with potato salad in southern Germany for dinner on Christmas Eve
- Weisswurst
? sausages with veal and bacon, usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom
- Feuerzangenbowle
- Gluhwein
(hot spiced wine)
Greece and Cyprus
[
edit
]
Greenland
[
edit
]
Guatemala
[
edit
]
- Tamales
- Ponche (Christmas fruit punch served hot with much fruit)
- pavo
(turkey)
- Bunuelos
(fluffy sweet dessert made with corn with maple syrup)
- chicken
(prepared with different stuffings and accompanied with various side dishes such as salads or rice)
Haiti
[
edit
]
Hong Kong and Macau
[
edit
]
Hungary
[
edit
]
Iceland
[
edit
]
- Hamborgarhryggur ? a smoked, cured pork roast.
- Lambalæri - heated or smoked sheep meat from a sheep's foot.
- Ptarmigan
? gamebird in the grouse family
- Hangikjot
- Oven-roasted turkey
- Beverage combination of Malt and Appelsin.
- Jarðarberjagrautur
- Mondlugrautur ? a Christmas
rice pudding
with an almond hidden inside (the same as the Swedish Julgrot)
- Caramelised potatoes
- Pickled
red cabbage
- Smakokur
? small cookies of various sorts
- Laufabrauð
? round, very thin flat cakes with a diameter of about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches), decorated with leaf-like, geometric patterns and fried briefly in hot fat or oil
India
[
edit
]
Indian Christians
in
Indian subcontinent
celebrate Christmas by enjoying several dishes, such as
Allahabadi cake
,
Candy canes
, Plum cakes etc. Some of the popular dishes eaten during
Christmas
in India are:
- Allahabadi cake
.
[37]
- Christmas cake
? a type of
fruit cake
.
[38]
- Mathri
? a traditional flaky biscuit.
- Gulab Jamun
? a traditional sweet prepared with khoa.
- Walnut fudge
- Jalebi
- Mincemeatpie
- Kheer
? boiled rice cooked with milk, sugar, saffron and is garnished with nuts such as almonds and pistachios. It can also be made with barley.
- Chhena Poda
? a dessert made with Chhena (cottage cheese) which is slightly roasted and soaked in sugar syrup. It is garnished with cashew nuts and served. Chhena Poda is popular in the Odisha state of India. It is eaten during the Christmas season but is available throughout the year.
- Ghee cookies
- Rose cookies
- Bolinhas de coco _ a type of coconut cookies
- Chocolate covered fruit
- Marzipan
- Dumplings
? dumplings filled with Indian spices with a sweet or savoury filling.
- Tarts
- Nankhatai
- Neureos
? a kind of dumpling made of
semolina
,
khoa
and
nutlet
.
- Roast chicken
- Dates roll- a type of Christmas cookies with
dates
- Bebinca
? a dessert popular in Goa which is eaten during
Christmas
season.
- Biryani
- Stew
? stews prepared with chicken, mutton, fish.
- Candy canes
- Cormolas
- Milk cream _ milk fudge
- Chocolate candies
- Vindaloo
? a spicy Goan curry with pork made during Christmas.
- Fruits
, such as
apple
,
orange
,
guava
.
- Mixed nuts
- Kulkuls
- Pilaf
- Duck curry
- Jujubee
- Cupcakes
- Drinks
, such as
cider
,
ginger ale
, etc.
Church services are also held in churches throughout
India
, in which Christmas dinners are held which include dishes such as
Allahabadi cake
,
candy canes
,
christmas cookies
.
The
Koswad
is a set of sweets and snacks prepared in the
Christmastide
by people of the
Konkan region
. South Indian states such as Kerala have traditions observed of home-brewed
wine
, mostly grapes but sometimes other fruits as well like Apple & Rose Apple; ethnic recipes of slow-cooked
beef fry
, Rice & Coconut
Hoppers
,
Lamb stew
,
Fried Rice Indian
and Fusion Style; Desserts such as
Falooda
, pastry, and a whole array of steamed, boiled or baked sweets, often with coconut, jaggery, sugar and spices such as cardamom & cloves (
Achappam
,
Murukku
,
Tapioca chip
,
Sukiyan
,
Neyyappam
).
Indonesia
[
edit
]
Israel and Palestine
[
edit
]
Italy
[
edit
]
According to tradition, the Christmas Eve dinner must not contain meat. A popular Christmas Day dish in
Naples
and in
Southern Italy
is
capitone
, which is a female eel. A traditional Christmas Day dish from
Northern Italy
is
capon
(gelded chicken).
Abbacchio
is more common in
Central Italy
.
[40]
The Christmas Day dinner traditionally consists by typical Italian Christmas dishes, such as
abbacchio
,
agnolini
,
cappelletti
,
Pavese agnolotti
,
panettone
,
pandoro
,
torrone
,
panforte
,
struffoli
,
mustacciuoli
,
bisciola
,
cavallucci
,
veneziana
,
pizzelle
,
zelten
, or others, depending on the regional cuisine.
[41]
Christmas on 25 December is celebrated with a family lunch, also consisting of different types of pasta and meat dishes, cheese and local sweets.
- Abbacchio
(Central Italy).
- Agnolini
(Mantua) ? a type of egg-based
stuffed pasta
.
- Bisciola
(Valtellina) ? an
artisanal
Italian sweet leavened bread.
- Cappelletti
(Emilia-Romagna and Marche) ? a ring-shaped
Italian
stuffed pasta
so called for the characteristic shape that resembles a hat (
cappello
in
Italian
).
- Capon
(Northern Italy).
- Cavallucci
(Siena) ? a rich
Italian
Christmas pastry prepared with
anise
, walnuts,
candied fruits
,
coriander
, and flour.
- Eel
(Southern Italy).
- Pandoro
(Verona)
[42]
? a sweet originally from
Verona
. Pandoro is today the most consumed Italian Christmas dessert together with
panettone
.
[43]
- Panforte
(Tuscany)
[44]
? a traditional chewy
Italian
dessert
containing fruits and nuts.
- Panettone
(Milan)
[45]
[46]
? a type of
sweet bread
and
fruitcake
, originally from
Milan
, usually prepared and enjoyed for
Christmas
and
New Year
in
Western
,
Southern
, and
Southeastern Europe
, as well as in
South America
,
Eritrea
,
[47]
Australia
, the
United States
and
Canada
.
[48]
- Pavese agnolotti
(Oltrepo pavese) ? a type of egg-based
stuffed pasta
of the
Lombard cuisine
served hot or warm.
- Pizzelle
(Ortona) ? an
Italian
waffle
cookies
made from
flour
,
eggs
,
sugar
,
butter
or
vegetable oil
, and flavoring (usually
anise
or
anisette
, less commonly
vanilla
or
lemon zest
).
- Prosecco
(Veneto)
[49]
- Mustacciuoli
(Naples) ? a dessert having a soft, spicy, cake-like interior covered in
chocolate
.
- Spumante
(Piedmont)
[49]
- Struffoli
(Naples) ? a type of deep-fried dough.
- Torrone
(Northern Italy) ? a sweet containing whole hazelnuts, almonds and pistachios or only have nut meal added to the nougat.
- Veneziana
(Milan) ? a sweet covered with sugar grains or almond icing.
- Zelten
(Trentino) ? a sweet prepared using rye flour, wheat flour, dried and candied fruits, orange zest, and various spices.
Jamaica
[
edit
]
- Christmas (fruit) cake or
black cake
? a heavy fruit cake made with dried fruit, wine and rum.
- Sorrel
? often served to guests with Christmas cake; Sorrel is made from the same sepals as Latin American drink "Jamaica," but is more concentrated and usually flavored with ginger. Adding rum is traditional at Christmas time.
- Curry goat
- Rice and peas
? a Sunday staple, at Christmas dinner is usually made with green (fresh) gungo (pigeon) peas instead of dried kidney beans or other dried legumes.
- Christmas ham
- Chicken
- Pine and ginger
Japan
[
edit
]
- Christmas cake ? the Japanese style Christmas cake is often a white cream cake,
sponge cake
frosted with whipped cream, topped with strawberries and with a chocolate plate that says
Merry Christmas
.
[50]
Yule Logs
are also available.
- Christmas cookies - A Christmas sugar cookie's main ingredients are sugar, flour, butter, eggs, vanilla, and baking powder. Sugar cookies may be formed by hand, dropped, or rolled and cut into shapes. They are commonly decorated with additional sugar, icing, Christmas sprinkles. Decorative shapes and figures can be cut into the rolled-out dough using a cookie cutter.
- Christmas cupcakes
- Creme caramel
pudding
in
Japan
- a creme caramel ubiquitous in Japanese convenience stores under the name custard pudding. Made with eggs, sugar and milk, sometimes served with whipped cream and a cherry on top.
- French fries
- Fruit
parfait
- Made by boiling cream, egg, sugar and syrup to create layers differentiated by the inclusion of such ingredients as corn flakes and vanilla ice cream. Topped with melon, banana, peach, orange, apple, kiwi, cherries and strawberries and whipped cream.
- Gingerbread house
- Ice cream
- KFC
fried chicken
? turkey as a dish is virtually unknown in Japan
[51]
and the popularity of KFC's fried chicken at Christmas is such that orders are placed as much as two months in advance.
[52]
- Nabemono
- Poached egg
salad
- Sh?yu
ramen
- Tamagoyaki
- Japanese
Omelette
- Yakiniku
Korea
[
edit
]
Lithuania
[
edit
]
- Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper
? twelve dishes representing the twelve Apostles or twelve months of the year ? plays the main role in Lithuanian Christmas tradition. The traditional dishes are served on December 24.
Malaysia
[
edit
]
Malta
[
edit
]
- Panettone
? from the Italian tradition
- Fruitcake
? from British Influence
- Christmas/
Yule log (cake)
? a log (similar to a tree's) that is made from chocolate and candied fruits
- Mince Pies
? from British Influence
- Timpana
? traditionally served as a starter
- Roast Turkey ? from British Influence
Mexico
[
edit
]
- Meat
- Roasted
turkey
? stuffed, roasted turkey served with gravy.
- Glazed ham
? ham glazed with honey or sugar dressed with cherries and pineapples.
- Jamon
(Spanish Dry-Cured Ham)
- Lechon
- Seafood
- Bacalao
? cod Basque style. Traditionally eaten in the central and southern states of Mexico.
- Shrimp
? cocktail or prepared in Torrejas (dried shrimp pancakes)
- Octopus
? cocktail
- Crab
- Stews
- Menudo
? a Christmas morning tradition in northwestern states, Menudo is a tripe and hominy soup. Menudo is often prepared the night before (Christmas Eve) as its cooking time can take up to 5 hours.
- Pozole
? hominy soup with added pork
- Salads & other side dishes
- Tamales
? can sometimes replace the traditional turkey or Bacalao with romeritos, particularly in northern and southern parts of Mexico.
- Ensalada Navidena
? Christmas salad with apples, raisins, pecans, and marshmallows.
- Ensalada de Noche Buena
? Christmas Eve salad
- Ensalada Rusa
? potato salad, particularly popular in northern states.
- Romeritos
? also a Christmas tradition of the central region, romeritos are small green leaves similar to Rosemary mixed generally with mole and potatoes.
- Sweets
- Fresh Fruit
- Drinks
Netherlands
[
edit
]
New Zealand
[
edit
]
Norway
[
edit
]
- Akevitt
?
Akvavit
, a spirit flavored with spices like caraway and aniseed
- Gløgg
?
mulled wine
- Julepølse
? pork sausage made with powdered ginger, cloves, mustard seeds and nutmeg. Served steamed or roasted.
- Pinnekjøtt
/
Pinnekjøt
? salted, dried, and sometimes smoked lamb's ribs which are rehydrated and then steamed, traditionally over
birch
branches
- Svineribbe
? pork belly roasted whole with the skin on. Usually served with red or pickled cabbage, gravy and boiled potatoes.
- Risgrøt
? Christmas rice porridge with an almond hidden inside
- Julebrus
? Norwegian soft drink, usually with a festive label on the bottle. It is brewed by most Norwegian breweries, as a Christmas drink for minors.
- Julekake
? Norwegian yeast cake with dried fruits and spices
- Sosisser
? small Christmas sausages
- Medisterkaker
? large meatballs made from a mix of pork meat and pork fat
- Raudkal
/
Rødkal
? sweet and sour
red cabbage
, as a side dish
- Kalrabistappe
/Kalrotstappe
? Puree of
rutabaga
, as a side dish
- Peparkake
/
Pepperkake
? gingerbread-like spice cookies flavoured with black pepper
- Lussekatter
? St. Lucia Buns with saffron
- Multekrem
? a dessert consisting of
cloudberries
and whipped cream
- Riskrem
?
Risalamande
Panama
[
edit
]
Paraguay
[
edit
]
Philippines
[
edit
]
Poland
[
edit
]
On 24 December, Christmas Eve, twelve dishes are served as a reminder of the
Twelve Apostles
. Polish people often do not eat meat on this day; instead, they choose from a variety of fish and vegetable dishes. The meal begins when the first star is seen.
- Barszcz
(
beetroot
soup) with
uszka
(small dumplings) - a classic Polish Christmas starter.
- Pierogi
with
sauerkraut
and forest
mushrooms
; filled with cottage cheese and potatoes
- Zupa rybna ?
fish soup
- ?urek
?
soup
made of soured
rye
flour
and meat
- Zupa grzybowa ?
mushroom
soup made of various forest mushrooms
- Bigos
? savory stew of cabbage and meat
- Kompot
? traditional drink a light, refreshing drink most often made of dried or fresh fruit boiled in water with sugar and left to cool and infuse.
- Goł?bki
? cabbage rolls
- Pieczarki marynowane ?
marinated mushrooms
- Kartofle gotowane ? simple boiled potatoes sparkled with parsley or dill
- Kulebiak
? with fish or cabbage and wild mushrooms filling
- Ryba sma?ona or ryba po grecku ? fried fish laid under lyers of fried shredded carrots, onions, root celery and leek
- Sałatka jarzynowa
? salad made with boiled potatoes and carrots with fresh peas, sweetcorn, dill cucumber, and boiled egg, mixed with mayonnaise.
- Łamaniec
? type of flat and rather hard pancake that is soaked in warm milk with poppy seeds. Eaten in eastern regions such as around *
Białystok
- Makowiec
? poppy seed roll
Portugal
[
edit
]
- Bacalhau
? codfish
- Cabrito assado ? roasted goat
- Borrego assado ? roasted lamb
- Polvo cozido ? boiled octopus
- Polvo a lagareiro
- dish based on
octopus
,
olive oil
,
potatoes
(
batatas a murro
),
grelos
and
garlic
.
[55]
[56]
[57]
- Carne de Vinha d' Alhos
? mainly served in
Madeira
? pork dish
- Bolo de mel
? mainly served in
Madeira
- Cake made with molasses
- Bolo Rei
(king cake) ? a beautifully decorated fluffy fruitcake
- Bolo-Rei escangalhado (broken king cake) ? it is like the first one, but has also cinnamon and chilacayote jam (doce de gila)
- Bolo-Rainha (queen cake) ? similar to Bolo-Rei, but with only nuts, raisins and almonds
- Bolo-Rei de chocolate ? it is like the Bolo-Rei, but has less (or no) fruit, nuts, chilacayote jam and many chocolate chips
- Broa castelar ? a small, soft and thin cake made of sweet potato and orange
- Fatias douradas ? slices of pan bread, soaked in egg with sugar, fried and sprinkled with powdered sugar and cinnamon
- Rabanadas
? they are like fatias douradas, but made with common bread
- Aletria ? composed of pasta, milk, butter, sugar, eggs, lemon peel, cinnamon powder and salt
- Formigos ? a delicious dessert made with sugar, eggs, pieces of bread, almonds, port wine and cinnamon powder
- Filhos
/ Filhozes / Filhoses ? depending on the region, they may be thin or fluffy pieces of a fried dough made of eggs, honey, orange, lemon, flour and anise, sprinkled - or not with icing sugar
- Coscoroes ? thin squares of a fried orange flavoured dough
- Azevias de grao, batata-doce ou gila ? deep fried thin dough pastries filled with a delicious cream made of chickpea, sweet potato or chilacayote, powdered with sugar and cinnamon
- Tarte de amendoa ? almond pie
- Tronco de Natal ? Christmas log ? a Swiss roll, resembling a tree's trunk, filled with chocolate cream, decorated with chocolate and mini ? 2 cm Christmas trees
- Lampreia de ovos ? a sweet made of eggs, well decorated
- Sonhos ? an orange flavoured fried yeast dough, powdered with icing sugar
- Velhoses ? they are like the sonhos, but made with pumpkin
- Bolo de Natal ? Christmas cake
- Pudim de Natal ? Christmas pudding, similar to flan
- Vinho quente ? mulled wine made with boiled wine, egg yolk, sugar and cinnamon
- Turkey ? on the island of Terceira, turkey has recently taken over as the traditional Christmas dish over Bacalhau, due to the influence of American culture on the island, home to the United States Air Force's 65th Air Base Wing.
Puerto Rico (U.S.)
[
edit
]
- Arroz con gandules
? yellow-rice, pigeon peas,
olives
,
capers
, pieces of pork, spices and sofrito cooked in the same pot.
- Escabeche
? pickled green bananas or cassava and chicken gizzards.
- Macaroni salad
? with canned tuna and peppers.
- Morcilla
? blood sausage.
- Pasteles
? Puerto Rican tamle made from milk, broth, root vegetables, squash, green banana, plantain dough, stuffed with meat, and wrapped in banana leaves.
- Hallaca
? tamale made from grated cassava and stuffed with meat wrapped in banana leaves.
- Pastelon
? sweet
plantain
"
lasagna
".
- Pig roast
? Puerto Rico is famous for their pig roast. It is also a part (along with arroz con gandules) of their national dish.
- Potato salad
? most commonly made with apples,
chorizo
and hard-boiled
eggs
. Potatoes are sometimes replaced with
cassava
.
Drinks:
- Bili ?
Spanish limes
or cherries fermented in rum with spices, brown sugar, citrus peels, bay leaves, avocado leaves, often cucumber, ginger, and coconut shells.
- Coquito
? spiced coconut eggnog.
- Coquito de guayaba - spiced
guava
eggnog with cream cheese or coconut milk added.
- Pina colada
- Rum punch ? rum, orange liqueur, grenadine, ginger ale, grapefruit juice served with fruit, lemon and lime slices.
- La Danza ? champagne with passion fruit juice, orange liqueur, lime juice, lemon juice, and strawberry juice.
Dessert:
- Arroz con dulce
? Spiced coconut and raisin rice pudding.
- Bread pudding
? soaked in coconut milk and served with a guava rum sauce.
- Dulce de cassabanana ?
musk cucumber
cooked in syrup topped with walnuts and sour cream on the side.
- Dulce de papaya
con queso ? Fermented green
papaya
with spices and sugar syrup served with ausubal cheese or fresh white cheese.
- Flancocho ?
Creme caramel
with a layer of cream cheese and Puerto Rican style
spongecake
underneath.
- Majarete
? rice and coconut custard. Made with coconut cream,
marshmallows
, milk,
rice flour
, sugar, vanilla and sour orange leaves with cinnamon served on top.
- Rum cake
- Tembleque
? a
pudding
made with cornstarch, coconut cream, sugar, milk, orange blossom water and
coconut milk
.
- Turron
? Sesame brittle or almond brittle.
- Mantecaditos ? Puerto Rican shortbread cookies. Made with shortening,
coconut butter
, flour,
almond flour
, vanilla, nutmeg and almond extract. They are usually filled with guava jam or pineapple jam in the middle.
- Natilla
? Milk, coconut cream and egg yolk custard made with additional cinnamon, cornstarch, sugar, vanilla, lemon zest and orange blossom water. Served in individual ramekins with cinnamon sprinkled on top.
Romania
[
edit
]
Romanian Christmas foods are mostly pork-based dishes.
[58]
Five days before Christmas, Romanians are celebrating the Ignat Day, a religious holy day dedicated to the Holy Martyr
Ignatius Theophorus
, associated with a practice that takes place especially on villages scattered around the country: the ritual of slaughtering the pigs. And they are using everything from the pigs: from their blood to their ears. Five days later their tables are filled not only with generous pork roasts but also with:
- Piftie
?
pork jelly
, made only with pork meat, vegetables and garlic
- Leb?r ? liver sausages, a local variety of
liverwurst
- Caltabo? ? sausages made from organs
- Carna?i ? pork-based
sausages
- Sangerete ?
blood sausages
- Tob? ?
head cheese
made from various cuttings of pork, liver boiled, diced and "packed" in pork stomach like a
salami
- Sarmale ? rolls of cabbage pickled in brine and filled with meat and rice (see
sarma
)
- Salat? de boeuf
? a more recent dish, but highly popular, this type of salad uses boiled vegetables and meat (beef, poultry, even ham). It can include potatoes, carrots, pickled red peppers and cucumbers, egg whites bits. Everything is mixed together with mayonnaise and mustard.
- Cozonac
, the Romanian equivalent of
panettone
or
sweet bread
.
- Strong spirits:
Palinka
,
Rachiu
,
?uic?
Russia
[
edit
]
Samoa, Tonga and Tuvalu
[
edit
]
San Marino
[
edit
]
Serbia
[
edit
]
- ?esnica
? Christmas soda bread with a silver coin to bring health and good luck baked in the bread.
- Koljivo
? boiled wheat which is used liturgically in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek Catholic Churches.
- Riblja ?orba
for Christmas Eve
South Africa
[
edit
]
Christmas is in the summer in South Africa, so many summer fruits such as watermelon and cantaloupes are enjoyed at this time. Popular desserts include trifle, melktert and peppermint crisp tart. Many people in South Africa hold
Braai
barbecues for Christmas or New Year's Day.
Spain
[
edit
]
- Sweets:
Sweden
[
edit
]
Trinidad and Tobago
[
edit
]
In Trinidad and Tobago traditional meals consists of generous helpings of baked ham, pastelles, black fruit cake, sweet breads, along with traditional drinks such as sorrel, ginger beer, and ponche de creme. The ham is the main item on the Christmas menu with sorrel to accompany it.
[65]
[66]
Ukraine
[
edit
]
Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christians in Ukraine traditionally have two Christmas dinners. The first is a Lent Dinner, it is held on the January 6 and should consist of meatless dishes. The second is a Christmas Festive dinner held on January 7, when the meat dishes and alcohol are already allowed on the table. The dinner normally has 12 dishes which represent Jesus's 12 disciples. Both Christmas dinners traditionally include a number of authentic Ukrainian dishes, which have over thousand-year history and date back to pagan times.
United Kingdom
[
edit
]
In the United Kingdom, what is now regarded as the traditional meal consists of roast turkey with
cranberry sauce
, served with roast potatoes and parsnips and other vegetables, followed by
Christmas pudding
, a heavy steamed pudding made with
dried fruit
, suet, and very little flour. Other roast meats may be served, and in the nineteenth century the traditional roast was goose. The same carries over to Ireland with some variations.
United States
[
edit
]
- Apple cider
- Boiled custard
- Candy canes
- Champagne
, or
sparkling apple cider
- Chocolate fudge
- Christmas cookies
- Cranberry sauce
- Eggnog
- Fish
as part of the
Feast of the Seven Fishes
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread
, often in the form of a
gingerbread house
or
gingerbread man
- Christmas ham
- Hawaiian bread
- Hot buttered rum
- Hot chocolate
- Mashed potatoes
- Mixed nuts
,
chestnuts
, dried
figs
, dried
dates
- Oyster stew
, composed of oysters simmered in cream or milk and butter.
- Persimmon pudding
- Pie
- Yams/sweet potato casserole (with marshmallow)
- Red velvet cake
- Russian tea cakes
- Tom and Jerry
- Roast
turkey
, less often roast
duck
,
goose
,
chicken
or
pheasant
- Stuffing
, also known as dressing, particularly in the southern U.S.
See also:
Thanksgiving
(the dishes tend to be similar)
Venezuela
[
edit
]
- Hallaca
? rectangle-shaped meal made of
maize
, filled with beef, pork, chicken, olives, raisins and caper, and wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled to cook.
- Pan de jamon
? ham-filled bread with olives and raisins and often sliced cheese.
- Dulce de lechosa ? dessert made of cooked sliced unripe papaya in reduced sugar syrup
- Ensalada de gallina ? salad made of potato, carrot, apple and shredded chicken (hen usually home or locally raised as opposed to store bought chicken)
- Pernil
[89]
? commonly referred to as roast pork
Vietnam
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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External links
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]
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Dishes
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North America
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Asia
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Europe
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Misc./other
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