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Group of near-Earth asteroids
Orbital zone of the Apollo asteroids laid over that of the
terrestrial planets
The
Apollo asteroids
are a group of
near-Earth asteroids
named after
1862 Apollo
, discovered by German astronomer
Karl Reinmuth
in the 1930s. They are
Earth-crossing asteroids
that have an orbital
semi-major axis
greater than that of the Earth (a > 1
AU
) but
perihelion
distances less than the Earth's
aphelion
distance (q < 1.017 AU).
[1]
[2]
As of November 2023
[update]
, the number of known Apollo asteroids is 18,874, making the class the largest group of
near-Earth objects
(
cf
. the
Aten
,
Amor
and
Atira
asteroids),
[3]
of which 1,571 are
numbered
(asteroids are not numbered until they have been observed at two or more
oppositions
), and 2,041 are identified as
potentially hazardous asteroids
.
[4]
The closer their semi-major axis is to Earth's, the less
eccentricity
is needed for the
orbits
to cross. The
Chelyabinsk meteor
, that exploded over the city of
Chelyabinsk
in the southern Urals region of Russia on February 15, 2013, injuring an estimated 1,500 people with flying glass from broken windows, was an Apollo-class
asteroid
.
[5]
[6]
List
[
edit
]
The largest known Apollo asteroid is
1866 Sisyphus
, with a diameter of about 8.5 km. Examples of known Apollo asteroids include:
Designation
|
Year
|
Discoverer/First observed
(A)
|
Ref
|
2019 SU
3
|
2019
|
ATLAS-HKO
|
MPC
|
2016 WF
9
|
2016
|
NEOWISE
|
MPC
|
2014 JO
25
|
2014
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2013 FW
13
|
2013
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2013 RH
74
|
2013
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2011 MD
|
2011
|
LINEAR
|
MPC
(B)
|
2011 EO
40
|
2011
|
CSS?
Mount Lemmon Survey
|
MPC
|
2010 AL
30
|
2010
|
LINEAR
|
MPC
|
(529366) 2009 WM
1
|
2009
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2009 DD
45
|
2009
|
Siding Spring Observatory, Australia
|
MPC
|
(386454) 2008 XM
|
2008
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
2008 TC
3
|
2008
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2008 FF
5
|
2008
|
CSS?
Mount Lemmon Survey
|
MPC
|
2007 VK
184
|
2007
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2007 TU
24
|
2007
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2007 WD
5
|
2007
|
CSS
|
MPC
|
2007 OX
|
2007
|
CSS?
Mount Lemmon Survey
|
MPC
|
(277810) 2006 FV
35
|
2006
|
Spacewatch
|
List
|
(394130) 2006 HY
51
|
2006
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(292220) 2006 SU
49
|
2006
|
Spacewatch
|
List
|
(308635) 2005 YU
55
|
2005
|
R. S. McMillan, Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, USA
|
List
|
2005 WY
55
|
2005
|
Mount Lemmon Survey
|
MPC
|
2005 HC
4
|
2005
|
LONEOS
|
MPC
|
2004 XP
14
|
2004
|
LINEAR
|
MPC
|
(374158) 2004 UL
|
2004
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(357439) 2004 BL
86
|
2004
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(444004) 2004 AS
1
|
2004
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
2003 RW
11
|
2003
|
James Whitney Young
|
MPC
|
2003 BV
35
|
2003
|
James Whitney Young
|
MPC
|
(89958) 2002 LY
45
|
2002
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(179806) 2002 TD
66
|
2002
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
54509 YORP
|
2000
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
162173 Ryugu
|
1999
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(137108) 1999 AN
10
|
1999
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
101955 Bennu
|
1999
|
LINEAR (Bennu is the target of the
OSIRIS-REx
mission)
|
List
|
1998 KY
26
|
1998
|
Spacewatch
|
MPC
|
(433953) 1997 XR
2
|
1997
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
65803 Didymos
|
1996
|
Spacewatch
|
List
|
69230 Hermes
|
1937
|
Karl Reinmuth
|
List
|
(53319) 1999 JM
8
|
1999
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(52760) 1998 ML
14
|
1998
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(35396) 1997 XF
11
|
1997
|
Spacewatch
|
List
|
25143 Itokawa
|
1998
|
LINEAR
|
List
|
(136617) 1994 CC
|
1994
|
Spacewatch
|
List
|
(175706) 1996 FG
3
|
1996
|
R. H. McNaught, Siding Spring Observatory, Australia
|
List
|
6489 Golevka
|
1991
|
Eleanor F. Helin
|
List
|
4769 Castalia
|
1989
|
Eleanor F. Helin
|
List
|
4660 Nereus
|
1982
|
Eleanor F. Helin
|
List
|
4581 Asclepius
|
1989
|
Henry E. Holt
,
Norman G. Thomas
|
List
|
4486 Mithra
|
1987
|
Eric Elst
,
Vladimir Shkodrov
|
List
|
14827 Hypnos
|
1986
|
Carolyn S. Shoemaker
,
Eugene Merle Shoemaker
|
List
|
4197 Morpheus
|
1982
|
Eleanor F. Helin
,
Eugene Merle Shoemaker
|
List
|
4183 Cuno
|
1959
|
Cuno Hoffmeister
|
List
|
4179 Toutatis
|
1989
|
Christian Pollas
|
List
|
4015 Wilson?Harrington
|
1979
|
Eleanor F. Helin
|
List
|
3200 Phaethon
|
1983
|
Simon F. Green
,
John K.Davies
/
IRAS
|
List
|
2063 Bacchus
|
1977
|
Charles T. Kowal
|
List
|
1866 Sisyphus
|
1972
|
Paul Wild
|
List
|
1620 Geographos
|
1951
|
Albert George Wilson
,
Rudolph Minkowski
|
List
|
(29075) 1950 DA
|
1950
|
Carl A. Wirtanen
|
List
|
1566 Icarus
|
1949
|
Walter Baade
|
List
|
1685 Toro
|
1948
|
Carl A. Wirtanen
|
List
|
2101 Adonis
|
1936
|
Eugene Joseph Delporte
|
List
|
1862 Apollo
|
1932
|
Karl Reinmuth
|
List
|
(A)
Discoverer
:
- A discoverer is determined by the
MPC
when the object is numbered. For unnumbered bodies, the table gives the "first observer".
- LINEAR:
Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
- CSS :
Catalina Sky Survey
- Spacewatch
, on Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona
[7]
(B)
Classification
:
- 2011 MD
is classified as Amor, not Apollo asteroid by the MPC
|
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]