Representative of the monarch in the Canadian province of Manitoba
The
lieutenant governor of Manitoba
(
,
French
:
lieutenant-gouverneur
(if male) or
lieutenante-gouverneure
(if female)
du Manitoba
) is the representative in
Manitoba
of the monarch, who
operates distinctly within the province
but is also shared equally with the
ten other jurisdictions of Canada
, as well as the other
Commonwealth realms
and any subdivisions thereof, and resides predominantly in his oldest realm, the
United Kingdom
. The lieutenant governor of Manitoba is appointed in the same manner as
the other provincial viceroys in Canada
and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties.
[1]
The present, and 26th, lieutenant governor of Manitoba is
Anita Neville
, who has served in the role since 24 October 2022.
[2]
Role and presence
[
edit
]
The lieutenant governor of Manitoba is vested with
a number of governmental duties
and is also expected to undertake
various ceremonial roles
. The lieutenant governor,
ex officio
a member of and the chancellor of the
Order of Manitoba
,
[3]
inducts deserving people into the order and, upon installation, automatically becomes a knight or dame of justice and the vice-prior in Manitoba of the
Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
.
[4]
The viceroy further presents other
provincial honours and decorations
, as well as
various awards that are named for and presented by the lieutenant governor
; these are generally created in partnership with another government or charitable organization and linked specifically to their cause.
[5]
These honours are presented at official ceremonies, which count amongst hundreds of other engagements the lieutenant governor partakes in each year, either as host or guest of honour; in 2006, the lieutenant governor of Alberta undertook 334 engagements and 284 in 2007.
[6]
At these events, the lieutenant governor's presence is marked by
the lieutenant governor's standard
, consisting of a blue field bearing the escutcheon of the
coat of arms of Manitoba
surmounted by a crown and surrounded by ten gold maple leaves, symbolizing the ten
provinces of Canada
. Within Manitoba, the lieutenant governor also follows only the sovereign in the
province's order of precedence
, preceding even other members of the
royal family
and the
King’s federal representative
.
History
[
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]
The office of lieutenant governor of Manitoba came into being in 1870, upon Manitoba's entry into
Canadian Confederation
,
[7]
and evolved from the earlier position of
lieutenant governor of the Northwest Territories
, though the occupants continued to simultaneously act as lieutenant governors of the Northwest Territories and later as lieutenant governors of
Keewatin District
, until the latter was reabsorbed into the Northwest Territories in 1905. Since 1867, 24 lieutenant governors have served the province, amongst whom were notable firsts, such as
Pearl McGonigal
– the first female lieutenant governor of the province – and
Yvon Dumont
– the first
Metis
lieutenant governor. The shortest mandate by a lieutenant governor of Manitoba was
Adams George Archibald
, from August 1870 to October 1872, while the longest was
Roland Fairbairn McWilliams
, from 1 November 1940 to 1 August 1953. The first two holders of the title (
Adams George Archibald
and
Alexander Morris
) held more power in the province so much so in becoming a de facto Premier and only changed under
Joseph-Edouard Cauchon
.
In 1919, the Manitoba legislature voted in favour of The Initiative and Referendum Act, which sought to eliminate the lieutenant governor from the legislative process in the province.
Royal Assent
to the bill was reserved by Lieutenant Governor
James Aikins
and eventually the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
at
Westminster
ruled that, since the law affected an appointee of the federal Crown, it was
ultra vires
and struck down.
[8]
[9]
Lieutenant Governor
George Johnson
was called upon to use his reserve powers in March 1988. The governing
New Democratic Party
(NDP) lost its thin majority in the legislature when one of its
Members of the Legislative Assembly
,
Jim Walding
, moved to an opposition party and voted along with the rest of the opposition against the proposed budget, a matter of
confidence and supply
. Johnson thereafter dissolved the legislature and called an election and the premier,
Howard Pawley
, announced his resignation both as premier and as leader of the NDP.
[10]
Pawley felt that he could "hand over the premiership" to whoever succeeded him as party leader.
[11]
Johnson, however, retained Pawley as premier, waiting until after the provincial election to appoint a successor, so that whoever was by then NDP leader could face and test the confidence of the legislature,
[12]
should the NDP even win. The NDP failed to win
the election
, regardless.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Victoria
(29 March 1867).
"Constitution Act, 1867"
. V.58. Westminster: Queen's Printer
. Retrieved
15 January
2009
.
- ^
Hoye, Bryce (2022-10-24).
"Anita Neville sworn in as 1st Jewish lieutenant-governor of Manitoba"
.
CBC News
. Retrieved
2022-10-25
.
- ^
Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba.
"Awards > Order of Manitoba > Summary of Provisions"
. Queen's Printer for Manitoba
. Retrieved
21 June
2009
.
- ^
"Canada Wide > About Us > The Order of St. John > The Order of St. John in Canada"
. St. John Ambulance Canada
. Retrieved
2 June
2009
.
- ^
Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba.
"Awards"
. Queen's Printer for Manitoba. Archived from
the original
on December 5, 2008
. Retrieved
2 July
2009
.
- ^
Berezovsky, Eugene (2009). Staff of Canadian Monarchist News (ed.).
$1.52 per Canadian: The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy
(PDF)
(4 ed.). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 3. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 7 July 2009
. Retrieved
15 May
2009
.
- ^
Victoria
(12 May 1870).
"Manitoba Act, 1870"
. 6. Westminster: Queen's Printer
. Retrieved
16 June
2009
.
- ^
Webber, Jeremy (1997).
"The Legality of a Unilateral Declaration of Independence under Canadian Law"
(PDF)
.
The McGill Law Journal
.
42
(2). Montreal: McGill University: 290. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 6 July 2011
. Retrieved
3 March
2011
.
- ^
Rose, John Holland (1940).
The Cambridge history of the British Empire: The Growth of the new Empire, 1783-1870
. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 688.
- ^
Donovan, Davis S. (27 May 2009),
The Governor General and Lieutenant Governors: Canada's Misunderstood Viceroys
(PDF)
, Canadian Political Science Association, p. 9
, retrieved
22 October
2012
- ^
Boyce, Peter (2008).
The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand
. Leichhardt: The Federation Press. p. 105.
ISBN
978-1862877009
.
- ^
Donovan 2009
, p. 10
External links
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