This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see
Lawngtlai
.
District of Mizoram in India
Lawngtlai district
is one of the eleven districts of
Mizoram
state in
India
.
History
[
edit
]
Prior to the arrival of the British in the late 19th century, the area which became Lawngtlai District was ruled by local chieftains, whose zones of control were often a single village or small group of villages.
[1]
In 1888 the chief of the Fungkah village attacked a British surveying team and killed four men including a Lt. Stewart. The following year the British sent in a punitive expedition to pacify the area. What became Lawngtlai District was incorporated into the South Lushai Hills and administered by the lieutenant governor of
Bengal
.
[1]
In 1898 North and South Lushai Hills were merged into the Lushai Hills District and were administered as part of
Assam
. In 1919, the Lushai Hills, along with some of the other hill districts, were declared "Backward Tracts" under the
Government of India Act
, and in 1935 this denomination was changed to "excluded area". In 1952 the creation of the Lushai Hills Autonomous District Council removed the last power of the local chieftains. The area became part of
Mizoram
when the Union Territory of Mizoram was created in 1972, and remained a part of it when the state was created in 1987.
[1]
Originally part of
Chhimtuipui District
, the area that became Lawngtlai District was divided into four rural development blocks: the Lawngtlai Rural Development Block with headquarters at
Lawngtlai
, Sangau Rural Development Block with headquarters at
Sangau
, Bungtlang South Rural Development Block with headquarters at
Bungtlang South
and the Chawngte Rural Development Block with headquarters at
Chawngte
.
[1]
Lawngtlai district became a separate district on 11 November 1998.
[1]
[2]
Geography
[
edit
]
Lawngtlai district is located in the southwesternmost part of Mizoram having international boundaries with Bangladesh to the west and Myanmar to the south.
[3]
The district is bounded by
Lunglei District
to the north and
Saiha District
to the east.
[3]
The
Thega (Kawrpui) River
forms most of the boundary with Bangladesh on the west and the
Kaladan River
forms the eastern boundary with Saiha District.
[3]
Lawngtlai district occupied an area of 2557.10 km
2
(2001 Census). The area is mountainous and hilly with a small strip of low-lying riverine plain along the western side of the Chamdur Valley. Landslides are common especially during rainy season. The western side of the district is covered by dense virgin forest. The main rivers include the Kaladan River, Tuichong River, the Chhimtuipui River, the Ngengpui River, the Chawngte River and the Tuiphal River.
[4]
[5]
[6]
Climate
[
edit
]
Lawngtlai district has a moderate climate. In general, it is cool in summer and not very cold in winter. In winter the temperature varies from 8 °C to 24 °C and in summer, the temperature varies between 18 °C and 32 °C. The western part of the district has less elevation comparing to the eastern part, and hence it experiences a little warmer climate than the eastern part. Relative humidity is highest during the south-west monsoon when it reaches to about 85%. The district is under the direct influence of south-west monsoon and heavy precipitation is usually received from May to September every year. The average annual rainfall is about 2558 mm. The hottest period is from March to August every year. During the rainy season, it remains heavily clouded. There is an increase of cloudiness from March onwards. A clear and cool weather starts appearing from September and remains till January the next year.
[1]
Economy
[
edit
]
One-third of the total inhabitants of Lawngtlai district rely entirely on agriculture, which is mostly based on
traditional method
of
shifting cultivation
. Only a small fraction of urban population is involved in permanent employment, such as state government service, bank and schools, and few engaged in small-scale business. The economic status of the district is in fact the lowest among the districts in Mizoram.
[4]
[5]
Zorinpui Integrated Check Post
[
edit
]
Zorinpui Integrated Check Post
in Lawngtlai district is an integrated immigration and customs check post that became operational in Oct 2017 to cater to the
Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
.
[7]
Divisions
[
edit
]
This district is divided into four Rural Development Blocks:
[8]
- Chawngte Rural Development Block
- Bungtlang 'South' Rural Development Block
- Lawngtlai Rural Development Block
- Sangau Rural Development Block.
Demographics
[
edit
]
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1971
| 29,367
| ?
|
---|
1981
| 44,277
| +4.19%
|
---|
1991
| 64,946
| +3.91%
|
---|
2001
| 87,592
| +3.04%
|
---|
2011
| 117,894
| +3.02%
|
---|
source:
[9]
|
According to the
2011 census
Lawngtlai district has a
population
of 117,894,
[11]
roughly equal to the nation of
Grenada
.
[12]
This gives it a ranking of 611th in India (out of a total of
640
). The district has a population density of 46 inhabitants per square kilometre (120/sq mi). Its
population growth rate
over the decade 2001-2011 was 34.59%. Lawngtlai has a
sex ratio
of 945
females
for every 1000 males, and a
literacy rate
of 65.88%. 17.67% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Tribes make up 95.30% of the population.
[11]
Languages spoken in Lawngtlai district (2011)
[13]
Others (9.30%)
According to the 2011 census, 39.28% of the population spoke
Chakma
, 23.24%
Mizo
, 20.96%
Pawi
and 7.22%
Tripuri
as their first language. Many other languages are spoken here that are spoken in the
Chittagong Hill Tracts
.
[13]
Flora and fauna
[
edit
]
In 1997 Lawngtlai district became home to the Ngengpui
Wildlife Sanctuary
, which has an area of 110 km
2
(42.5 sq mi).
[14]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
"Profile of the District"
Archived
21 July 2011 at the
Wayback Machine
Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojana Project, Lawngtlai District
- ^
Government of Mizoram notification No. A. 60011/21/95-GAD. Dated Aizawl, 11 November 1998
- ^
a
b
c
"Lawngtlai District Map"
Maps of India
- ^
a
b
Mizoramonline (2013).
"Lawngtlai District, Mizoram"
.
mizoramonline.in
. Pan India Internet Private Limited (PIIPL)
. Retrieved
15 June
2013
.
- ^
a
b
"RSVY > STRENGTH, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS (SWOT) ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT AND IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL GAPS"
.
lawngtlai.nic.in
. Deputy Commissioner Lawngtlai, Mizoram
. Retrieved
15 June
2013
.
- ^
HolidayIq.com.
"About Lawngtlai Tourism"
.
holidayiq.com
. Retrieved
15 June
2013
.
- ^
India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh
,
Times of India
, 1 Oct 2017.
- ^
"Rural Development, Govt. of Mizoram ≫ Organization Setup"
Rural Development, Government of Mizoram
- ^
Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^
"Table C-01 Population By Religion: Mizoram"
.
census.gov.in
.
Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
. 2011.
- ^
a
b
"District Census Handbook: Lawngtlai"
(PDF)
.
censusindia.gov.in
.
Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
. 2011.
- ^
US Directorate of Intelligence.
"Country Comparison:Population"
. Archived from
the original
on 13 June 2007
. Retrieved
1 October
2011
.
Grenada 108,419 July 2011 est.
- ^
a
b
"Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Mizoram"
.
censusindia.gov.in
.
Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
. 2011.
- ^
Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment.
"Protected areas: Mizoram"
. Archived from
the original
on 23 August 2011
. Retrieved
25 September
2011
.
External links
[
edit
]
Places adjacent to Lawngtlai district
|
---|
|
|
---|
District Headquarters
| | |
---|
State
| |
---|
Autonomous District Councils
| |
---|
Towns and villages
| |
---|
Indigenous Tribes
| |
---|
Peaks
| |
---|
22°31′48″N
92°54′00″E
/
22.53000°N 92.90000°E
/
22.53000; 92.90000