President of Costa Rica from 2010 to 2014
In this
Spanish name
, the first or paternal
surname
is
Chinchilla
and the second or maternal family name is
Miranda
.
Laura Chinchilla
|
---|
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Laura_4.jpg/220px-Laura_4.jpg) Official portrait,
c.
2010
|
|
|
In office
8 May 2010 ? 8 May 2014
|
Vice President
| Alfio Piva
Luis Liberman
|
---|
Preceded by
| Oscar Arias
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Luis Guillermo Solis
|
---|
|
In office
8 May 2006 ? 8 October 2008
|
President
| Oscar Arias
|
---|
Preceded by
| Lineth Saborio Chaverri
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Alfio Piva
|
---|
|
In office
28 January 2014 ? 8 May 2014
|
Preceded by
| Raul Castro
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Luis Guillermo Solis
|
---|
|
In office
8 May 2006 ? 8 October 2008
|
President
| Oscar Arias
|
---|
Preceded by
| Patricia Vega Herrera
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Viviana Martin Salazar
|
---|
|
In office
30 March 2008 ? 14 April 2008
|
President
| Oscar Arias
|
---|
Preceded by
| Fernando Berrocal Soto
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Janina del Vecchio Ugalde
|
---|
In office
12 November 1996 ? 8 May 1998
|
President
| Jose Maria Figueres
|
---|
Preceded by
| Bernardo Arce Gutierrez
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Juan Rafael Lizano Saenz
|
---|
|
In office
1 May 2002 ? 30 April 2006
|
Preceded by
| Guido Monge Fernandez
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Evita Arguedas Maklouf
|
---|
Constituency
| San Jose
(13th Office)
|
---|
|
In office
8 May 1994 ? 12 November 1996
|
President
| Jose Maria Figueres
|
---|
Succeeded by
| Oscar Alban Chipsen
|
---|
|
|
Born
| Laura Chinchilla Miranda
(
1959-03-28
)
28 March 1959
(age 65)
San Jose, Costa Rica
|
---|
Political party
| National Liberation Party
(until 2022)
Independent
(2022-present)
|
---|
Spouses
| -
Mario Alberto Madrigal Diaz
(
m.
1982;
div.
1985)
-
(
m.
2000; died 2019)
|
---|
Children
| 1
|
---|
Alma mater
| |
---|
Signature
| ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Presidenta_Laura_Chinchilla_firma.jpg/91px-Presidenta_Laura_Chinchilla_firma.jpg) |
---|
|
Laura Chinchilla Miranda
(
Spanish:
[?law?a
t?in?t?i?a
mi??anda]
; born 28 March 1959
[1]
) is a
Costa Rican
political scientist and politician who served as
President of Costa Rica
from 2010 to 2014. She was one of
Oscar Arias Sanchez
's two
Vice-Presidents
and his administration's Minister of Justice.
[2]
She was the governing
PLN
candidate for president in the
2010 general election
, where she won with 46.76% of the vote on 7 February.
[3]
She was the eighth
woman president
of a Latin American country and the first and so far only woman to become President of Costa Rica.
[4]
She was sworn in as President of Costa Rica on 8 May 2010.
[5]
[6]
After leaving office, she taught at
Georgetown University
in 2016.
[7]
Chinchilla is co-chair of the
Inter-American Dialogue
think tank and the vice-president of
Club de Madrid
. Chinchilla previously served as a Fellow at the
Georgetown Institute of Politics and Public Service
.
[8]
Early life
[
edit
]
Laura Chinchilla was born in the
Desamparados
district of
San Jose
, the oldest child of her family with three younger brothers.
[9]
Her father is
Rafael Angel Chinchilla Fallas
, who served as comptroller of Costa Rica from 1972 to 1987, and maintained general popularity among the public.
[10]
: 52
Her mother is Emilce Miranda Castillo.
[
citation needed
]
She attended the
University of Costa Rica
where she obtained a degree in political science, and she then attended
Georgetown University
in the United States for a master's degree in public policy. She then returned to Costa Rica to work as a policy consultant for security and judicial reform.
[10]
: 50
Chinchilla married Mario Alberto Madrigal Diaz on 23 January 1982. They divorced on 22 May 1985.
[
citation needed
]
Chinchilla met her second husband,
Jose Maria Rico Cueto
, a Spanish lawyer who held
Canadian citizenship
, in 1990 while both were working as consultants for the Center for the Administration of Justice at the
Florida International University
in
Miami, Florida
. The couple had a son, Jose Maria Rico Chinchilla, in 1996.
[
citation needed
]
Chinchilla married Rico on 26 March 2000.
[11]
Chinchilla's marital history and the child she had out of wedlock did not significantly affect her political life?despite the country's significant Catholic population?due to a culture in Costa Rican politics of avoiding personal attacks.
[10]
: 50
Chinchilla became the Vice Minister of Public Security under President
Jose Maria Figueres
. Figueres then appointed her
Minister of Public Security
, and she became the first woman to hold the position. She was elected to the
Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica
in 2002.
[10]
: 50
Chinchilla became the
First Vice President of Costa Rica
in 2006, also taking the position of
Minister of Justice and Peace
. She held these positions until 2008, when she resigned to run for
President of Costa Rica
in the
2010 general election
.
[10]
: 51
2010 presidential campaign
[
edit
]
Chinchilla's presidential campaign was unexpected, as she was not a prominent member of her political party, the
National Liberation Party
, and she had previously given little indication of an interest in the presidency. Commentators have credited President
Oscar Arias
with mentoring her for the presidency.
[10]
: 51
During her campaign, she benefited from an image that she was an outsider while still representing political continuity from Arias's administration.
[10]
: 60
Chinchilla's opponents accused her of being "a puppet of Arias", with one campaign advertisement depicting her as a
marionette
in his hands. She and her allies criticized double standards related to her gender, such as an increased focus on her wardrobe and suggestions that she was weaker.
[10]
: 75
Chinchilla campaigned on the issues of social welfare, economic competitiveness, environmental protection, and domestic security.
[12]
: 16
She used the slogan
firme y honesta
(firm and honest), suggesting both a strong criminal policy and an anti-corruption platform, both of which were significant priorities for the public.
[10]
: 60
She did not explicitly campaign on women's issues so as not to alienate voters, instead promoting issues that benefited families.
[10]
: 68
Major campaign promises included the construction of 20,000
low-income housing
units, a reduction of the
unemployment rate
from 7.8% to 5.0%, and switching the nation to 95% renewable resources. She also spoke of improving infrastructure, child care, and law enforcement.
[12]
: 16
In the National Liberation Party's primary election, Chinchilla won with a 15% margin over the runner up, in part due to Arias's endorsement of her candidacy.
[10]
: 57
During the general election, Chinchilla's main opponents were
Otton Solis
of the
Citizens' Action Party
and
Otto Guevara
of the
Libertarian Movement
.
[10]
: 51
She won with approximately 47% of the vote, with Solis and Guevara splitting much of the rest between them.
[10]
: 52
Chinchilla had stronger support among women and the elderly. Her personality, her campaign strategy, and her womanhood were all represented as reasons for support in voter surveys.
[13]
: 91
Despite this, Chinchilla did not emphasize her gender during her campaign, instead campaigning on ideas of the traditional family.
[13]
: 95
President of Costa Rica
[
edit
]
Political capital
[
edit
]
Chinchilla took office with the National Liberation Party holding 24 of the Legislative Assembly's 57 seats, giving her party a plurality. It attempted to reelect
Luis Gerardo Villanueva
as the assembly's president in violation of procedure, resulting in
Juan Carlos Mendoza Garcia
of the Citizen's Action Party taking the position.
[10]
: 104
Chinchilla had a mixed relationship with the legislature, feuding with both the opposition and with members of her own party. Political researcher Constantino Urcuyo estimated that only 12 members of the legislature were allied with her.
[10]
: 105
One year into her term, Chinchilla rejected Mendoza's proposal to raise congressional pay, causing the coalition government to break down.
[10]
: 104
Chinchilla did not have a strong
political base
among her constituents while president, even from voters within her own party.
[10]
: 117
Much of her
political capital
was contingent on her association with Arias. When she diverged from his policy positions, she lost his backing as well as that of his supporters.
[10]
: 119
Chinchilla's leadership was challenged in 2011 when Arias's brother,
Rodrigo Arias Sanchez
, announced his candidacy for president in the
2014 general election
. Making such an announcement shortly after Chinchilla took office was seen as a criticism of her leadership.
[10]
: 118
This dispute caused legislators in the National Liberation Party to split into factions, with Arias supporters demanding changes in Chinchilla's administration.
[12]
: 16
Isla Calero
[
edit
]
In 2010, the military of Nicaragua occupied the uninhabited
Isla Calero
, a
disputed
territory between the two nations. Chinchilla responded by writing a criticism of the action in the
Miami Herald
and seeking adjudication from the
International Court of Justice
. The court ordered both nations to evacuate the island in March 2011, and her response to the incident is often considered a high point of her presidency.
[10]
: 106
By mid-2011, President Chinchilla decided to build a 160 kilometer gravel road along the river, as a response to what she and her government saw as a Nicaraguan invasion of Costa Rican territory. The road was officially named “Ruta 1858, Juan Rafael Mora Porras” to honor a Costa Rican hero in a show of national pride.
[14]
The road was to stretch more than 150 km. A decree of emergency allowed the government to waive environmental regulations and oversight from the General Comptroller (Contraloria General de la Republica). Neither environmental nor engineering studies were conducted before the road was announced. There were accusations of mismanagement and corruption. The Ministerio Publico (Costa Rican attorney general) announced an official inquiry about the charges of corruption. Francisco Jimenez, minister of public works and transportation, was dismissed by Chinchilla as a consequence of the affair.
[
citation needed
]
Public image
[
edit
]
Chinchilla presented a significant image of "soft or feminine" leadership. This was in part because of her leadership style of collaborating with others. Her supporters saw this as a sign of conciliation, while detractors saw it as an inability to act independently.
[10]
: 90?91
Her leadership was often contrasted with that of her predecessor, Arias, who maintained a strong, authoritative image and was less open to collaboration.
[10]
: 92
In 2013, the
Mexican
opinion poll firm Consulta Mitofsky released a survey that placed Chinchilla as the least popular president in
Latin America
with a 13% approval rate, just behind
Porfirio Lobo
of
Honduras
.
[15]
At the end of Chinchilla's presidency, Costa Rica had many economic troubles. Public debt had reached 50% of GDP, unemployment was steadily rising and, despite high annual growth, 20% of the population lived below the poverty line.
[16]
In 2016, Chinchilla was considered one of the most powerful women in Central America according to the
World Economic Forum
.
[17]
Cabinet
[
edit
]
Chinchilla appointed 42 cabinet ministers during her presidency, and she kept several ministers from the Arias presidency.
[10]
: 151
Her selection of ministers emphasized
technocratic
and academic experience, though the appointment of Minister of Planning
Laura Alfaro
was seen as a personal gesture.
[10]
: 159
Minister of Public Works and Transportation Francisco Jimenez was relieved from his position due to scandal.
[10]
: 161
Chinchilla elevated the
National Institute of Women
to cabinet level status.
[10]
: 152
The following were members of Chinchilla's presidential cabinet. Names marked with an asterisk (*) also held the position during Arias's presidency.
[10]
: 153?154
Policies and political views
[
edit
]
Chinchilla's politics have been described as
centre-right
,
[9]
and she is considered a social conservative.
[18]
[19]
Economy
[
edit
]
At the time of Chinchilla's inauguration, the
Great Recession
had caused Costa Rica's economy to decline, and recovery from the recession took place during her term. GDP growth reached 5% at its highest point while she was president, while overall poverty and unemployment increased.
[10]
: 117
Chinchilla was expected to give continuity to the previous government's pro-
free trade
policies.
[18]
She signed free trade agreements with China and Singapore, but the deals were not completed.
[10]
: 117
Chinchilla also began the process of incorporating Costa Rica into the
OECD
.
[20]
Chinchilla increased taxes on corporations and allocated the funds to security.
[10]
: 118
Crime and security
[
edit
]
Chinchilla had significant experience in security issues when she was elected president, as this was the main area in which she worked, and it was one of her main policy areas of interest.
[10]
: 51
Her security policy saw a mixed response. During her presidency, the number of homicides went down, but other violent crimes became more common.
[10]
: 118
Femicide
declined during her term by nearly 70%.
[21]
In her first hundred days as president, Chinchilla hired hundreds of police officers and expanded the country's prison capacity.
[12]
: 22
After conducting a citizen consultation, the Citizen Security and Social Peace Policy (POLSEPAZ) was designed,
[22]
defining the main strategic lines of action and the need to promote a comprehensive, sustainable and state policy on the matter.
[
citation needed
]
Chinchilla rejected more punitive measures against crime outside of major drug trafficking crimes. Instead, she described poverty and inequality as leading causes of crime, and her
welfare
policy was integrated with her security policy. She held a moderate position on crime, favoring strong enforcement in conjunction with prevention.
[23]
Environment
[
edit
]
Chinchilla was a supporter of environmentalist policies while she was president. During her campaign, she declared her intention to see Costa Rica be
carbon neutral
by 2021.
[10]
: 108
In 2011, she implemented Costa Rica's second moratorium on petroleum exploitation, which was later extended. To do so, she cited the constitution's guarantee of a right to a health environment. Costa Rica only had limited petroleum operations, but the move was met with extended legal challenges from energy companies.
[24]
The government sustainability variable was displayed by Chinchilla promoting policies for the generation of clean energy which exceeded 90% of electricity generation from renewable sources, at the end of her term.
[25]
Equal importance was given to the protection of the seas, through Chinchilla's extension of marine protection zones and a strong fight against
shark finning
,
[26]
this led to international recognition for her efforts made towards sustainability.
[27]
One of Chinchilla's first actions upon taking office was to restore a ban on
open-pit gold mining
, which had been a subject of controversy in Arias's presidency.
[12]
: 17
Education
[
edit
]
Education became one Chinchilla's greatest priorities. She moved into action
Article 78 of Costa Rica’s Constitution
[
permanent dead link
]
, The Strengthening Education Effort, whereby the government must allocate 8% of its funding toward education.
[1]
[
failed verification
]
During her tenure the actual figure reached 7.2%, the highest of any country in the region.
[2]
[
failed verification
]
Chinchilla continued the
Avancemos
program that Arias had established in 2006 to give financial support to families in
extreme poverty
as their children progress in school.
[10]
: 234
Foreign relations
[
edit
]
Chinchilla meets with U.S. President
Barack Obama
on 3 May 2013
After leaving office, Chinchilla joined Arias and other Latin American figures in a joint statement supporting the
Cuban thaw
and demanding democracy in Cuba.
[28]
Social issues
[
edit
]
One of Chinchilla's main programs as president was
Red de Cuido
(Network of Care), which funded
child care
and
elderly care
.
[10]
: 107
It was first established after she took office in 2010, having spoken about it extensively during her campaign. The program involved many organizations, such as the
Joint Social Welfare Institute
,
CEN-CINAI PANI
, local governments, community
NGOs
, and churches. The program was expanded in May 2014 when Chinchilla signed the National Network of Care into law, creating the Technical Secretariat of the Network of Care. 852 new care sites had been built through the program during Chinchilla's presidency.
[10]
: 233
This program was recognized by international organizations.
[29]
Chinchilla opposed
separation of church and state
in Costa Rica, wishing to retain its status as a
Roman Catholic
nation.
[30]
Chinchilla opposed
abortion
and
emergency contraception
as president. She also opposed
in vitro fertilisation
, but she legalized it in April 2013 following an order from the
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
.
[10]
: 235?236
Chinchilla personally opposed
same-sex marriage
as president, but she agreed to sign bill that made it legal. The law was later rejected as invalid by the courts.
[10]
: 235
Post-presidency
[
edit
]
Chinchilla led the Observation Mission deployed by the
OAS
to Mexico to observe the June 2015 federal election, as well as the Observation Electoral Mission during the 2016 elections in the US, and the electoral process in Brazil
[31]
and in Paraguay
[32]
in 2018.
Chinchilla currently teaches at
Georgetown University
[7]
at the Institute of Politics and Public Service and is also the titular of the Cathedra Jose Bonifacio, at the
University of Sao Paulo
, since 2018,
[33]
and leads the Latin American Chair of Citizenship in the School of Government and Public Transformation of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education.
[34]
Since 2016, Chinchilla has been serving as the president of the Advisory Council of She Works, a company focused on the empowerment of women;
[35]
and is also a rapporteur for the freedom of expression of the
Telecommunications Organization of Latin America
.
[
citation needed
]
Chinchilla was widowed on 15 April 2019, when her husband died of Alzheimer's.
[11]
In 2019, Chinchilla served on the advisory board of the annual
Human Development Report
of the
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), co-chaired by
Thomas Piketty
and
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
.
[36]
In 2020, she was Costa Rica's candidate to head the Washington-based
Inter-American Development Bank
.
[37]
Shortly before the vote, she dropped her bid, arguing that the process favored U.S. President
Donald Trump
’s nominee
Mauricio Claver-Carone
.
[38]
In addition, Chinchilla holds numerous other positions, including the following:
Awards and recognition
[
edit
]
Laura Chinchilla in 2010
Chinchilla was awarded with the “Women of the Decade in Public Life and Leadership Award” at the Women Economic Forum in Amsterdam.
[49]
She holds Honorary Doctorates from the
University for Peace
of the United Nations,
[50]
Georgetown University,
[51]
and Kyoto University of Foreign Studies.
[52]
Publications
[
edit
]
She has several publications, in Spanish and English?books, monographs and articles?on issues related to the administration of justice, citizen security, and police reform. Among the most prominent are:
- Community Crime Prevention, Center for the Administration of Citizen Security Justice in Latin America, Siglo XXI Editors (2002).
- Police Reforms in Latin America, Open Society Institute (2006).
- Seguridad Ciudadana en America Latina y el Caribe
. Laura Chinchilla and Doreen Vorndran. BID (2018).
- Unfulfilled Promises
. Latin America Today The InterAmerican Dialogue (2019).
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
de Miguel, Veronica (14 August 2012).
"Laura Chinchilla: Is honesty enough for Costa Rica?"
.
VOXXI
. Archived from
the original
on 5 February 2013
. Retrieved
15 December
2012
.
- ^
"Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of Foreign Governments"
. The Central Intelligence Agency of America. Archived from
the original
on 24 March 2010
. Retrieved
22 February
2010
.
- ^
"2010 Presidential election results"
(in Spanish). Supreme Court of Elections. 8 February 2010. Archived from
the original
on 25 February 2010
. Retrieved
22 February
2010
.
- ^
"Costa Rica to inaugurate first female president Saturday"
. Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, Republica de Costa Rica. 6 May 2010. Archived from
the original
on 9 May 2010
. Retrieved
8 May
2010
.
- ^
Economist.com
- ^
Skard, Torild (2014) "Laura Chinchilla" in
Women of power - Half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide
, Bristol: Policy Press
ISBN
978-1-44731-578-0
, pp. 238-40
- ^
a
b
"Laura Chinchilla - GU Politics"
. Retrieved
4 October
2016
.
- ^
"Laura Chinchilla (GRD '89)"
.
Institute of Politics and Public Service
. Retrieved
20 April
2021
.
- ^
a
b
Long, Chrissie; Miller Llana, Sara (8 February 2010).
"Costa Rica elects first woman president, inspiring the region"
.
Christian Science Monitor
.
ISSN
0882-7729
. Retrieved
19 September
2023
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
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j
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n
o
p
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r
s
t
u
v
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x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
af
ag
ah
ai
aj
ak
al
Jalalzai, Farida (20 August 2015).
Women Presidents of Latin America: Beyond Family Ties?
. Routledge.
ISBN
978-1-317-66835-0
.
- ^
a
b
Lascarez, Carlos (15 April 2019).
"Muere Jose Maria Rico, esposo de la expresidenta Laura Chinchilla"
.
La Nacion (San Jose)
.
Archived
from the original on 16 April 2019
. Retrieved
21 April
2019
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Political Risk Yearbook: Costa Rica Country Forecast (Report). The Political Risk Services Group. 30 November 2011.
- ^
a
b
Florez-Estrada, Maria (2010). "La Campana De Laura Chinchilla Y Las Mujeres: ¿Oportunismo o Compromiso Con Un Nuevo Pacto Sexual?".
Revista de Ciencias Sociales
(in Spanish).
4
(130). University of Costa Rica: 85?99.
- ^
"Nombre de trocha fronteriza revive espiritu nacionalista - EL PAIS - La Nacion"
.
La Nacion El Pais
. 18 February 2012. Archived from
the original
on 23 February 2012
. Retrieved
19 September
2023
.
- ^
"Presidente Chinchilla en sotano de popularidad en America Latina"
- ^
"Costa Rica : Solis remporte sans surprise la presidentielle"
.
Le Monde.fr
. 7 April 2014.
- ^
"Las 50 mujeres mas poderosas de Centroamerica"
. 4 August 2016.
- ^
a
b
Marin, Karmentxu (23 May 2010).
"Todos rosarios"
.
El Pais
. Retrieved
8 June
2010
.
- ^
Hernandez, Daniel (10 May 2010).
"Costa Rica welcomes Laura Chinchilla, its first female president"
.
Los Angeles Times
. Retrieved
4 January
2024
.
- ^
"Costa Rica's adherence to the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises"
. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 30 September 2013
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
Herrera, Manuel (25 November 2013).
"Disminuyen los femicidios en Costa Rica durante el 2013"
.
La Nacion
(in Spanish)
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
"Politica Nacional Integral y Sostenible de Seguridad Ciudadana y Promocion de la Paz"
(in Spanish). United Nations Development Programme. 2011. Archived from
the original
on 6 October 2017
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
Malone, Mary Fran T.; Dammert, Lucia; Perez, Orlando J. (2023).
Making Police Reform Matter in Latin America
. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Incorporated. p. 105.
ISBN
978-1-68585-353-2
.
- ^
Tudela, Fernando (13 September 2020).
"Obstacles and opportunities for moratoria on oil and gas exploration or extraction in Latin America and the Caribbean"
.
Climate Policy
.
20
(8): 923?924.
doi
:
10.1080/14693062.2020.1760772
.
ISSN
1469-3062
.
- ^
"Costa Rica: committed to renewable energy"
.
The Costa Rica Star
. 13 October 2012
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
Ercolani, Steve (19 October 2012).
"Fighting shark finning in Costa Rica"
.
Al Jazeera
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
Fendt, Lindsay (28 November 2013).
"Costa Rican President Laura Chinchilla named Shark Guardian of the Year"
.
The Tico Times
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
"Documents on Democracy".
Journal of Democracy
.
27
(3): 187?189.
- ^
Guzman, Juany (2014).
"Red Nacional de Cuido y Desarrollo Infantil en Costa Rica. El proceso de construccion 2010-2014"
(PDF)
. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
. Retrieved
5 April
2018
.
- ^
"No desde Costa Rica al aborto, Estado laico y matrimonios homosexuales"
(in Spanish). elnuevoalcazar.es. 3 February 2010. Archived from
the original
on 6 February 2010
. Retrieved
22 February
2010
.
- ^
"Electoral Observation Mission of the Organization of American States (EOM/OAS)"
.
www.itamaraty.gov.br
. Retrieved
22 October
2019
.
- ^
OAS (1 August 2009).
"OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development"
.
www.oas.org
. Retrieved
22 October
2019
.
- ^
"Ex-presidente da Costa Rica assume a Catedra Jose Bonifacio"
.
Jornal da USP
(in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 April 2018
. Retrieved
22 October
2019
.
- ^
https://escueladegobierno.itesm.mx/profesores-e-investigacion/personal-docente/mtra-laura-chinchilla-miranda
- ^
"About us - SheWorks!"
. 25 June 2021.
- ^
2019 Human Development Report Advisory Board Members
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP).
- ^
Stott, Michael (4 March 2020).
"Latin America must curb inequality or risk decline, IADB chief warns"
.
Financial Times
. Retrieved
20 September
2023
.
- ^
"Ex-Costa Rican leader drops bid to lead Inter-American Development Bank"
.
Reuters
. 3 September 2020
. Retrieved
20 September
2023
.
- ^
Seven new Members join International IDEA’s Board of Advisers
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
(International IDEA), press release of 8 December 2020.
- ^
Expert: Laura Chincilla
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Laura Chinchilla Miranda
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"Ms Laura CHINCHILLA - Comite Olimpico Nacional de Costa Rica, IOC Member since 2019"
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External links
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