From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kosmos 14
(
Russian
:
Космос 14
meaning
Cosmos 14
), also known as
Omega No.1
, was a
satellite
which was launched by the
Soviet Union
in 1963. It was an Omega satellite, derived from the
Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik
series.
Spacecraft
[
edit
]
It was a 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the
Yuzhnoye Design Office
, and was used by
VNIIEM
to conduct experiments with the use of
gyroscopes
to control spacecraft.
[3]
Kosmos 14 was the first
Soviet
experimental
weather
satellite. The satellite was originally considered to have been orbiting for the purpose of conducting various geophysical studies. However, nearly 4.5 years after its launch, it was specifically identified as a test platform for electrotechnical systems later used to ensure the orientation and stabilization of weather satellites. In addition, tests were made of power supplies using solar cell batteries. The satellite was in the form of a cylinder, with two hemispherical ends, and was 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) long and 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) in diameter. The control stabilisation system consisted of flywheels driven by electric motors. The kinetic energy of the flywheels was dampened by using electromagnets that produced torque by interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. This system provided three-axis stabilisation and oriented the satellite to Earth. Equipment on board monitored the operation of automatic devices that controlled the solar and chemical batteries. The satellite communicated via a "Mayak" radio transmitter operating at a frequency of 20 MHz. The results of these tests were incorporated in the
Kosmos 122
and subsequent launches in the
Meteor
system. A similar test flight will be made nearly 8 months later with Kosmos 23. These two flights comprised the first stage in the development of Soviet weather satellites.
[1]
Mission
[
edit
]
Kosmos 14 was launched from
Mayak-2
at
Kapustin Yar
, aboard a
Kosmos-2I
63S1
carrier rocket
.
[4]
The launch occurred at 11:02:00
GMT
on 13 April 1963, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into a
low Earth orbit
.
[5]
Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its
Kosmos
designation, and received the
International Designator
1963-010A. The
North American Air Defense Command
assigned it the
catalogue number
00567.
[1]
Kosmos 14 was the first of two Omega satellites to be launched,
[3]
the other being
Kosmos 23
.
[6]
It was operated in an orbit with a
perigee
of 253 kilometres (157 mi), an
apogee
of 435 kilometres (270 mi), an
inclination
of 48.88°, and an
orbital period
of 91.3 minutes.
[2]
It remained in orbit until it
decayed
and
reentered
the atmosphere on 29 August 1963 after 138 days in orbit.
[7]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
"Cosmos 14: Display 1963-010A"
.
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
. NASA. 27 February 2020
. Retrieved
25 April
2020
.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
- ^
a
b
"Cosmos 14: Trajectory 1963-010A"
.
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
. NASA. 27 February 2020
. Retrieved
25 April
2020
.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
- ^
a
b
Wade, Mark.
"Omega"
. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
the original
on 7 May 2002
. Retrieved
26 December
2009
.
- ^
McDowell, Jonathan.
"Launch Log"
. Jonathan's Space Page
. Retrieved
26 December
2009
.
- ^
Wade, Mark.
"Kosmos 2"
. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
the original
on 18 June 2012
. Retrieved
26 December
2009
.
- ^
Krebs, Gunter.
"Omega"
. Gunter's Space Page
. Retrieved
26 December
2009
.
- ^
McDowell, Jonathan.
"Satellite Catalog"
. Jonathan's Space Page
. Retrieved
26 December
2009
.
|
---|
DS-1
| |
---|
DS-2
| |
---|
DS-A1
| |
---|
DS-K
| |
---|
DS-MG
| |
---|
DS-MT
| |
---|
DS-MO
| |
---|
DS-P1
| |
---|
DS-U1
| |
---|
DS-U2
| |
---|
DS-U3
| |
---|
Omega
| |
---|
|
---|
|
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
underline
. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
italics
. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
|