American R&B, soul and funk band
Kool & the Gang
|
---|
Kool & the Gang performing in 2017
|
|
Also known as
|
- The Jazziacs
- The Soul Town Band
- The New Dimensions
- Kool & the Flames
|
---|
Origin
| Jersey City, New Jersey
, U.S.
|
---|
Genres
| |
---|
Years active
| 1964?present
|
---|
Labels
| |
---|
|
Members
|
|
---|
|
Past members
|
|
---|
|
Website
| koolandthegang
.com
|
---|
Kool & the Gang
is an American
R&B
,
soul
, and
funk
group formed in
Jersey City, New Jersey
in 1964. Its founding members include brothers
Robert "Kool" Bell
and
Ronald Bell
,
Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas
, Robert "Spike" Mickens,
Charles Smith
, George Brown, Sir Earl Toon, Woodrow "Woody" Sparrow, and Ricky Westfield. They have undergone numerous changes in personnel and have explored many musical styles throughout their history, including jazz, rhythm and blues, soul, funk, disco, rock, and pop music. The group changed their name several times. Settling on Kool & the Gang, the group signed to
De-Lite Records
and released their debut album,
Kool and the Gang
(1969).
The band's first had mainstream success came with the release of their fourth album
Wild and Peaceful
(1973); it contains the US top-ten singles "
Jungle Boogie
"
[1]
and "
Hollywood Swinging
". Kool & the Gang entered a period of decline before they reached a second commercial peak between 1979 and 1986 following their partnership with
Brazilian
musician and producer
Eumir Deodato
and the addition of singer
James "J.T." Taylor
to the line-up. Their most successful albums of the time include
Ladies' Night
(1979),
Celebrate!
(1980), and
Emergency
(1984), their highest selling album with two million copies sold in the US. Their hit singles during the period include "
Ladies' Night
", the US No. 1 "
Celebration
", "
Get Down on It
", "
Joanna
", "
Misled
", and "
Cherish
". The group continues to perform worldwide, including as support for
Van Halen
in 2012 and their fiftieth-anniversary tour in 2014.
Kool & the Gang have won numerous awards, including two
Grammy Awards
, seven
American Music Awards
, and, in 2006, a
Music Business Association
Chairman's Award for artistic achievement. The group has been inducted into the
New Jersey Hall of Fame
and been given a
MOBO Award
for Outstanding Achievement, the
Soul Train Legend Award
, the
Marian Anderson Award
, and a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
as well. In 2007, the group was inducted into the
Vocal Group Hall of Fame
. During 2018, the Bells, Brown, and Taylor were also inducted into the
Songwriters Hall of Fame
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
and the group were selected as inductees into the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
in 2024.
[7]
Their
discography
includes 23 studio albums and almost 70 singles. They have sold 7.5 million and 4.5 million
RIAA
-certified albums and singles, respectively, in the United States.
[8]
[9]
Worldwide, they have sold 70 million albums.
[10]
History
[
edit
]
1964?1972: Formation and signing with De-Lite
[
edit
]
The band formed in
Jersey City, New Jersey
, in 1964 when seven school friends decided to perform together as an instrumental jazz and soul group named the Jazziacs.
[11]
Among them were
Robert "Kool" Bell
on bass, his brother
Ronald Bell
on keyboards,
[12]
Robert "Spike" Mickens on trumpet,
Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas
on saxophone, Ricky West on keyboards, George Brown on drums, and
Charles Smith
guitar.
[13]
Except Smith, all of them attended
Lincoln High School
in Jersey City.
Robert Bell had given himself the nickname "Kool" as a way of adapting to the street gangs in his neighborhood after moving from Ohio.
[15]
The Bells' father Bobby and uncle
Tommy
were boxers. They moved to
New York
to train and lived in the same apartment building as
Thelonious Monk
, who became Robert's godfather.
Miles Davis
would drop by because he wanted to be a boxer.
[16]
Their first gigs took place as the opening act to a weekly jazz night held in a local theatre every Sunday.
[12]
They also played occasionally with
McCoy Tyner
,
Pharoah Sanders
, and
Leon Thomas
during their early years as a group.
[17]
They then had several name changes, including to The Soul Town Band and The New Dimensions.
They played
Motown
covers as the backing musicians for Soul Town, a small Jersey City-based organization similar to Motown.
[15]
In 1967, they decided to perform as their own identity and became regulars at the Blue Note Lounge in Jersey; one of the MC's advertised them with a new name, Kool & the Flames. However, their manager Gene Redd advised against it to avoid confusion with
James Brown
's band,
The Famous Flames
. They settled on Kool & the Gang, in 1969.
[19]
After selecting their new name and line-up, Kool & the Gang signed a recording deal with Redd's new independent label,
De-Lite Records
. Redd wrote: "I discovered these eight super talented incomparable young musicians[...] I immediately realized that their potential would earn them success unknown by most musicians".
[20]
The group entered the studio and recorded their debut album, the all-instrumental
Kool and the Gang
(1970), with Redd as a producer, arranger, conductor, and partial songwriter. It is their only album with guitarist Woody Sparrow who completed a temporary eight-man formation.
[21]
The album peaked at No. 46 on the
Billboard
R&B chart. Around this time, the group began to develop their stage performance after they witnessed a set by Willie Feaster and the Mighty Magnificents which, according to Robert Bell, "Blew us away[...] We thought, 'Wow, if we want to be in show business, we have to change our act. We can't just stand up there and play'."
[12]
Also at this time, the group were asked to deliver songs with vocals. Despite Bell recalling the group sounding "real ragged" with lyrics at first, "Bit by bit we gained in confidence... we kinda learnt how to sing as we went along."
[22]
The group followed their debut with two live albums:
Live at the Sex Machine
, recorded the year before, and
Live at PJ's
, both released in 1971. These were their final albums before their amicable split with Redd. Their next album,
Music Is the Message
, was the first time the group self-produced one of their records.
[22]
It was released in July 1972, and peaked at No. 25 on the R&B chart. It was followed with
Good Times
in November, which features the band backed by a string section. The elements of jazz, rock, and instrumental styles on the record made it difficult for reviewers to label them as one specific genre.
[23]
The album failed to generate the amount of radio exposure the group had expected to gain a new audience, so they looked at ways to breakthrough without relying on the radio.
[22]
1973?1978: First commercial success and low period
[
edit
]
By the spring of 1973, Kool & the Gang began to observe disco music trends influencing the group to become as Robert Bell described as "a much harder, funkier, tighter" unit than before.
[22]
He clarified, saying that most of the group did not visit discos and learned of disco culture from others. As a result of their change in direction, the group scored their first major commercial success with their fourth studio album,
Wild and Peaceful
.
[22]
The album went to No. 33 on the album chart, became their first gold album for selling 500,000 copies, and spawned the single "Funky Stuff" which entered the Top 40 pop chart. The next two, "
Jungle Boogie
" and "
Hollywood Swinging
" fared even better by entering the US top 10, marking the group's breakthrough to a white audience.
[22]
[24]
The latter two songs sold over one million copies and were certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (
RIAA
).
[25]
Their success continued with
Light of Worlds
(1974), which contained the hit instrumental "
Summer Madness
". In October 1974, the group landed a spot on the national television music show
Soul Train
.
[26]
In 1975 Kool & the Gang added Larry Gittens from
the Stylistics
, and released
Spirit of the Boogie
which contained the top 40 single "
Spirit of the Boogie
". That was followed by the part-studio part-live release
Love & Understanding
, in 1976.
In mid-1976, Kool & the Gang entered a period of commercial decline;
Rolling Stone
writer Geoff Himes wrote the disco-era "frowned on their loose and greasy approach to dance music."
[19]
Their three albums released during this time,
Open Sesame
(1976),
The Force
(1977), and
Everybody's Dancin'
(1978) failed to generate the same commercial or critical acclaim as their previous records. Bell later said the albums "bent our style a bit and we didn't feel at home with it".
[27]
The Force
and
Everybody's Dancin
'
displayed the group's attempt to adopt disco elements with female vocalists and a string section, but Robert Bell later said the group got "Too fancy and over-creative[...] We got away from the basic Kool & the Gang sound[...] and the public didn't like it". The change in style affected their ability to secure as many dates as before, working "just off and on" during this time.
[28]
[29]
The latter album received negative responses; one review for
Everybody's Dancin
'
had the headline: "Kool and the Gang have gone bland." Writer Mike Duffy wrote, "They've joined the disco lemmings [...] The edge has gone. Say so long to the raw and raunchy."
[30]
During their low period, the group gained some mainstream attention with their contribution of "Open Sesame" to the
soundtrack
of
Saturday Night Fever
(1977).
[27]
"
Summer Madness
" was also used in
Rocky
(1976), but not released on its soundtrack album.
[27]
1979?1988: J.T. Taylor, Deodato partnership, and commercial peak
[
edit
]
By 1979, Kool & the Gang changed musical direction in two distinct ways. After several years of consideration, and at the suggestion of promoter turned
SOLAR Records
founder
Dick Griffey
, they brought in a dedicated lead vocalist to become a focal point of their music.
[31]
[32]
[33]
James "J.T." Taylor
from
South Carolina
was added; Taylor noted that vocals added more warmth to the songs, especially to ballads, which the group had previously avoided as no vocalist in the group could sing them properly. He recalled some resistance to his arrival from some group members and the female singers they had used on
The Force
and
Everybody's Dancin
'
.
[34]
The change in style developed further when the group entered a four-album association with Brazilian musician, songwriter, and arranger
Eumir Deodato
as their producer, who helped them move towards mainstream pop and dance-oriented music with greater emphasis on catchy hooks and chorus lines.
[35]
The group's first choice,
Stevie Wonder
, was too busy to work with them.
[34]
Earl Toon Jr. was added to the group.
Kool & the Gang's first album with Deodato,
Ladies' Night
, was released in September 1979 and became their most successful album since their formation. This was helped by the hit singles "
Too Hot
" and "
Ladies' Night
", which went to No. 5 and No. 8 on the
Billboard
Hot 100 chart, respectively.
[36]
In January 1980,
Ladies' Night
was certified
platinum
by the RIAA for selling one million copies in the US.
[24]
[9]
Later that year,
Celebrate!
became a bigger commercial success than
Ladies' Night
; the lead single "
Celebration
" remains the band's only single to reach No. 1 on the
Billboard
Hot 100 singles chart. The song originated from the lyric "Come on, let's all celebrate" from "Ladies' Night", which inspired Robert Bell to write "an international anthem."
[19]
[36]
The group developed the song on a tour bus after attending the
American Music Awards
.
[37]
The song was used in national media coverage for the
1980 World Series
, the
1981 Super Bowl
, the
1981 NBA Finals
, and the
1981 return of the Iran hostages
.
[19]
After the release of
Something Special
(1981), which continued the level of success of the previous two albums, the band recorded their fourth and final album with Deodato,
As One
(1982). The latter struggled to reach gold certification in the US, which led to the band's decision to end their time with Deodato as they had enough with the direction they had adopted.
[34]
They then decided to produce their next album,
In the Heart
(1983), by themselves with Jim Bonnefond as co-producer. The album contained the US top-five single "
Joanna
". The song was declared the most-played pop song in 1984 by Broadcast Music International.
[38]
Bonnefond stayed with the group for
Emergency
(1984), which remains their highest selling album with over two million copies sold in the US. It spawned four US top 20 singles, including "Emergency", "
Cherish
", "
Fresh
", and "Misled". The feat made Kool & the Gang the only group to have four top 20 singles from a single album in 1985.
[39]
In June 1984, Kool & the Gang took time off from recording
Emergency
to perform at
Wembley Stadium
as part of a sold-out summer concert organised by
Elton John
.
[39]
That November, during a visit to
Phonogram
's offices in London,
Bob Geldof
arrived to pitch his idea of the multi-artist charity single "
Do They Know It's Christmas?
" to the label. Kool & the Gang participated in the project.
[39]
In 1985, Bell said the group retained control of their own business affairs, avoiding to hire management on a full-time basis and preferring to hire consultants and agents for each project or a single term.
[41]
The group's seventeenth album,
Forever
, was released in November 1986. The album included two hit singles on the
Billboard
Hot 100 chart: "Victory" (US #10, R&B #2) and "
Stone Love
" (US #10, R&B #4). Two further singles, "Holiday" and "Special Way" were also released from the album; the former reached the top ten on the R&B Chart, the latter hit reached No. 6 on the Adult Contemporary chart.
[42]
By 1986, the group had scored 14 top 40 singles in the US since 1980, more than
Michael Jackson
.
[43]
In July 1986, the group recorded a special version of "Celebration" with different vocals that was used in an advertisement for
Wendy's
.
[44]
In 1987, the group completed a 50-city tour of the US. The tour included the group establishing their own public service program, devised by Robert Bell and Taylor, which encouraged school children to pursue education, giving free tickets to those with perfect attendance.
[45]
The group rehearsed their stage show with a choreographer at
Prince
's studio at
Paisley Park
.
[35]
At the time of the tour's start, the group ceased producing adverts with Schlitz beer because of their new image towards children and that they felt it had run its course.
[38]
After the tour, Taylor left Kool & the Gang to pursue a solo career. He returned in 1996 for their
State of Affairs
album.
1988?present: Later career
[
edit
]
In February 1988, news of Taylor's departure from the group to pursue a solo career was reported in the press.
[46]
[19]
The group had discussed pursuing solo projects during the previous year, with Thomas suggesting the band had considered splitting into twos or threes.
[38]
Taylor was replaced by three vocalists: Sennie "Skip" Martin, Odeen Mays, and Gary Brown.
In 1989 the group's 18th album
Sweat
was released. By that time
Khalis Bayyan
and Robert "Spike" Mickens also had departed the group. The album did not fare well.
Unite
, the group's nineteenth studio album, was released in 1992. It marked the return of Khalis Bayyan to the group. In 1995, Taylor returned to the group for
State of Affairs
(1996), hailed as the group's "comeback" album.
[19]
All of the songs on the album were written by Khalis Bayyan and Taylor. Taylor left the group for the second time in 1999.
On their next studio album
Gangland
(2001), Kool & the Gang pursued elements of hip hop. The album was a compilation of rappers backed by Kool and the Gang remaking some of the group's songs. During 2003 the group was given a
Mobo Award
for Outstanding Achievement.
[4]
[47]
In 2004 they released another album featuring remakes and some new songs.
The Hits Reloaded
contained collaborations with artists such as
Atomic Kitten
,
Lisa Stansfield
and
Jamiroquai
. The album reached No. 21 on the
UK R&B Albums
chart.
[48]
During 2007 the group released another album entitled
Still Kool
. The album reached No. 31 on the US
Billboard
Top Soul Albums
chart.
[49]
Still Kool has also been certified
Platinum
in France by the
SNEP
.
[50]
In 2012, Bell accepted
Van Halen
singer
David Lee Roth
's invitation for Kool & the Gang to be the opening act during their
A Different Kind of Truth Tour
as Roth had noticed a significant portion of their concert audience were women. Roth wanted the group after seeing their set at Glastonbury.
[11]
In 2013 the group released a Christmas album
Kool for the Holidays
. That was the group's 24th studio album.
[19]
In 2015, 50 years after formation, the group received their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
[51]
During that year they were also inducted into the
New Jersey Hall of Fame
.
[52]
In 2016, a
Jersey City
street was renamed the "Kool and the Gang Way".
[53]
During 2019 Kool and the Gang was also bestowed with the
Marian Anderson Award
.
[3]
In 2021, the group released
Perfect Union
, their 25th studio album and first album of new material in 14 years. The album was produced by Khalis Bayyan before his 2020 death.
[54]
On November 20, 2022, the group performed a special live concert at the naming ceremony for the newly christened
Carnival Celebration
, notably performing “
Celebration
” as a nod to the newest addition to the Carnival fleet.
[55]
Kool & The Gang were selected for induction into the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
in April 2024.
[56]
[7]
Music appearances
[
edit
]
The group's music has been featured in several movies and video games:
Personnel
[
edit
]
Current members
- Robert "Kool" Bell
? bass, backing vocals (1964?present)
- Michael Ray
? trumpet, backing vocals (1979?1991, session/touring 2007?present)
- Curtis "Fitz" Williams ? keyboards, backing vocals (1982?1988, session/touring 1995?present), alto saxophone (session/touring 2021?present)
- Shawn "Shawny Mac" McQuiller ? vocals, guitar (1991?1995, session/touring 1995?present)
Former members
- George "Funky" Brown ? drums (1964?1998), keyboards (1989?1993, 1998?2023), percussion, backing vocals (1964?2023; his death)
- Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas
? alto saxophone, flute, backing vocals (1964?2021; his death)
- Claydes Charles Smith
? guitar (1964?2006; his death)
- Ronald Bell
? tenor saxophone, keyboards, backing vocals (1964?1989, 1992?2020; his death)
- Ricky West ? keyboards, vocals (1964?1976; died 1985)
- Robert "Spike" Mickens ? trumpet, backing vocals (1964?1986; died 2010)
- Woodrow "Woody" Sparrow ? rhythm and lead guitar (1964?1969; his death)
- Larry Gittens ? trumpet, flugelhorn, backing vocals, keyboards (1975?1977, 1986?1988, session/touring 2000?2013)
- Otha Nash ? trombone (1975?1977; died 2003)
- Kevin Lassiter ? keyboards, vocals (1976?1979)
- Clifford Adams ? trombone, backing vocals (1980?1995; session/touring 1977?1980, 1995?2015; his death)
- James "J.T." Taylor
? vocals (1979?1988, 1996?1999)
- Sir Earl Toon ? keyboards, vocals (1979?1982)
- Gary Brown ? vocals (1988?1990)
- Sennie "Skip" Martin
? trumpet, vocals (1988?1995; session/touring 1995?2007)
- Odeen Mays ? keyboards, guitar, vocals (1988?1995)
- Gerald Harris ? keyboards, guitar (1992?1995)
Session/touring musicians
- Louis Van Taylor ? tenor saxophone, backing vocals (2020?present; touring substitute for Ronald Bell 1996?2017)
- Timothy Horton ? drums, percussion (1998?present)
- Kevin Bell ? lead guitar (2006?present)
- Lavell Evans ? vocals, percussion (2009?present)
- Jermaine Bryson ? trombone, backing vocals (2015?present)
- Walt Anderson ? vocals (2016?present)
- Ravi Best ? trumpet (2016?present)
- Rick Marcel ? guitar, bass, backing vocals (2017?present)
Former session/touring musicians
- Donald Boyce ? vocals (1973?1976)
- Royal Bayyan ? guitar (1978?1987)
- Mark Blakey ? drums (1988?1989)
- Robert "Robbie G" Goble ? drums, percussion (1989?1993)
- Frank "Rusty" Hamilton ? keyboards (1996?2005)
- Rodney "King" Ellis ? vocals (2000?2007)
- Jirmad "Soul-O" Gordon ? vocals (2007?2010)
- Shelley Carrol ? tenor saxophone (touring substitute for Ronald Bell 2017?2020)
Rick West, the group's original keyboardist, who left in 1976 to form his own band, died in 1985.
Guitarist Charles Smith died after a long illness in 2006 and was replaced by the Bells' youngest brother, Amir Bayyan, former leader of the
Kay Gees
.
Original trumpet player Robert "Spike" Mickens, who retired in 1986 due to poor health, died at the age of 59 on November 2, 2010, at a nursing home in Far Rockaway, New York.
Trombonist Clifford Alanza Adams Jr. died in January 2015 at the age of 62 after a year-long battle with cancer.
[59]
Adams, who had been with Kool & The Gang since 1977, had no health insurance to cover medical expenses.
[60]
Saxophonist Ronald "Khalis Bayyan" Bell died suddenly in September 2020; the cause of death was not announced.
[61]
Alto saxophonist Dennis "D.T." Thomas died in his sleep on August 7, 2021, at the age of 70.
[62]
[63]
[64]
[65]
Drummer George “Funky” Brown died from lung cancer on November 16, 2023, at the age of 74.
[66]
Timeline
[
edit
]
Discography
[
edit
]
Studio albums
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Jungle Boogie ? Kool & the Gang"
.
AllMusic
. Retrieved
June 27,
2019
.
- ^
"Songwriters Hall Of Fame Announces 2018 Inductees ? Songwriters Hall of Fame"
.
Songhall.org
.
Archived
from the original on May 8, 2018
. Retrieved
May 8,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
Crimmins, Peter (November 13, 2019).
"Kool & The Gang's 'Celebration' at the Marian Anderson Award ceremony"
.
WHYY
.
- ^
a
b
"2003 MOBO Awards"
.
mobo.com
.
MOBO Awards
.
- ^
"KOOL & THE GANG"
.
New Jersey Hall of Fame
. June 26, 2015.
- ^
"Kool & The Gang - Music Inductees"
. The Vocal Group Hall of Fame
. Retrieved
January 14,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
Greene, Andy (April 22, 2024).
"Cher, Ozzy Osbourne, Dave Matthews Band, Mary J. Blige Lead Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2024 Class"
.
Rolling Stone
. Retrieved
April 22,
2024
.
- ^
"Gold & Platinum Search ? Kool & the Gang ? Singles"
. Recording Industry Association of America
. Retrieved
April 7,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
"Gold & Platinum Search ? Kool & the Gang ? Albums"
. Recording Industry Association of America
. Retrieved
April 7,
2018
.
- ^
"Our Artists: Kool & the Gang"
.
Warner Chappell Music
. Retrieved
November 28,
2019
.
- ^
a
b
Schwachter, Jeff (March 21, 2012).
"Interview: Robert "Kool" Bell of Kool & The Gang"
.
Atlantic City Weekly
.
Archived
from the original on March 17, 2018
. Retrieved
April 7,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
Silbert, Jack (June 12, 2014).
"Robert "Kool" Bell: The Gang Plays On"
.
New Jersey Monthly
.
Archived
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. Retrieved
April 3,
2018
.
- ^
"History"
.
Koolandthegang.com
.
Archived
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. Retrieved
October 23,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
Facey, Fitzroy (June 2017).
"
'Funky Stuff' Interview with Kool & The Gang"
.
The Soul Survivors Magazine
.
Archived
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. Retrieved
April 7,
2018
.
- ^
"Interview: Robert Kool Bell of Kool & The Gang"
.
Atlantic City Weekly
. March 21, 2012. Archived from
the original
on October 1, 2014
. Retrieved
June 18,
2014
.
- ^
"Kool & The Gang ? Booking A&M Entertainment"
. A&M Entertainment.
Archived
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. Retrieved
June 18,
2014
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Himes, Geoff.
"Kool & the Gang ? Biography"
.
Rolling Stone
. Archived from
the original
on August 21, 2009.
- ^
Kool and the Gang
(Media notes). De-Lite Records. 1969. DE-2003.
Archived
from the original on April 8, 2018.
- ^
Kool and the Gang
(Media notes). P&C Records. 1969. PCD-72015.
Archived
from the original on April 8, 2018.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Cummings, Tony (April 1975).
"The Funk Masters #2: Kool & the Gang"
.
Rock's Backpages
. Retrieved
December 14,
2021
.
- ^
Laffler, William D. (March 3, 1973).
"Kool and the Gang has no set mold"
.
Naugatuck Daily News
. p. 6.
Archived
from the original on April 8, 2018
. Retrieved
April 8,
2018
– via
Newspapers.com
.
- ^
a
b
Bush, John.
"Kool & the Gang ? Biography & History"
.
AllMusic
.
Archived
from the original on November 6, 2016
. Retrieved
October 23,
2016
.
- ^
Murrells, Joseph (1978).
The book of golden discs
(New and completely revised ed.). London: Barrie & Jenkins. pp.
330, 346
.
ISBN
0-214-20512-6
.
- ^
"Soul Train"
.
Suburbanite Economist
. Chicago, Illinois. October 24, 1974. p. 8.
Archived
from the original on April 9, 2018
. Retrieved
April 8,
2018
– via
Newspapers.com
.
- ^
a
b
c
Lassen, Kurt (November 1, 1979).
"Under 20 profile: Kool and the Gang"
.
The News Leader
. Stanton, Virginia. p. 23.
Archived
from the original on April 9, 2018
. Retrieved
April 8,
2018
– via
Newspapers.com
.
- ^
Lassen, Kurt (July 16, 1977).
"The Kool Gang: A guitar, a dream, recruitment"
.
Nashua Telegraph
. p. 15.
Archived
from the original on April 9, 2018
. Retrieved
April 8,
2018
– via
Newspapers.com
.
- ^
Hunt, Dennis (March 2, 1980).
"Kool's kool ? really cool"
.
Los Angeles Times
. p. 84.
Archived
from the original on April 9, 2018
. Retrieved
April 8,
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– via
Newspapers.com
.
- ^
Duffy, Mike (December 31, 1978).
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.
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"
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.
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Lynch, Joe.
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.
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.
The Morning News
. Wilmington, Delaware. p. J2.
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April 8,
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Bass, Kelly (June 3, 1987).
"Kool and the Gang very hot on the charts and in sports"
.
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. Camden, New Jersey. p. 58.
Archived
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. Retrieved
April 14,
2018
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b
Hanson, Amy.
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.
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Archived
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. Retrieved
October 23,
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- ^
Saval, Malina (October 6, 2015).
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.
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.
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. Retrieved
April 3,
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"Kool & Gang tries to win over kids"
.
The Dispatch
. p. 65.
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"Kool & The Gang return to Caesars Thursday"
.
Arizona Republic
. p. 81.
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.
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. St. Louis, Missouri. pp. 23?24.
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. Retrieved
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.
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. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
- ^
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.
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. Vol. 42, no. 1. pp. 72, 74, 76.
ISSN
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.
Archived
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. Retrieved
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2018
.
- ^
Dougherty, Philip H. (June 26, 1986).
"Advertising; Wendy's Spot Created By Lockhardt & Pettus"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
. Retrieved
May 13,
2021
.
- ^
Henderson, Marguerite (June 26, 1987).
"Kool gangs up on area concert scene"
.
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. p. 64.
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. Retrieved
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.
The Akron Beacon Journal
. February 21, 1988. p. 15.
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.
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.
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. September 12, 2014.
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- ^
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.
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.
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. June 26, 2004.
- ^
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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. Retrieved
September 10,
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.
- ^
"2015 INDUCTEES"
.
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.
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. June 25, 2015.
- ^
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.
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.
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.
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. July 7, 2021
. Retrieved
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.
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"Carnival's New Cruise Ship Christened in Miami, Florida"
. November 21, 2022.
- ^
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.
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. April 22, 2024
. Retrieved
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.
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. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 32.
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. Retrieved
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.
As the opening credits to Pulp Fiction (1994) close, the blaring sounds of "Jungle Boogie" are muted, suddenly seeming to emanate from a car radio, as we join protagonists Jules Winnfield (Samuel L. Jackson) and Vincent Vega ...
- ^
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.
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.
Sources
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
Awards for Kool & the Gang
|
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|
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1950s
| |
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1960s
| |
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1970s
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1980s
| |
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1990s
| |
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2000s
| |
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2010s
| |
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2020s
| |
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|
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Duo or Group
(1979?2007)
| |
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Duo, Group or
Collaboration
(2008?2019)
| |
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Contemporary
(2020?present)
| |
---|
Traditional
(2020?present)
| |
---|
|
---|
Performers
|
- Mary J. Blige
- Cher
- Dave Matthews Band
(
Carter Beauford
,
Jeff Coffin
,
Stefan Lessard
,
Dave Matthews
,
LeRoi Moore
,
Tim Reynolds
,
Rashawn Ross
,
Boyd Tinsley
)
- Foreigner
(
Dennis Elliott
,
Ed Gagliardi
,
Lou Gramm
,
Al Greenwood
,
Mick Jones
,
Ian McDonald
,
Rick Wills
)
- Peter Frampton
- Kool & the Gang
(
Robert "Kool" Bell
,
Ronald Bell
, George Brown, Robert "Spike" Mickens,
Claydes Charles Smith
,
James "J.T." Taylor
,
Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas
, Ricky Westfield)
- Ozzy Osbourne
- A Tribe Called Quest
(
Ali Shaheed Muhammad
,
Phife Dawg
,
Q-Tip
,
Jarobi White
)
|
---|
Non-performers
(Ahmet Ertegun Award)
| |
---|
Award for Musical Excellence
| |
---|
Award for Musical Influence
| |
---|
|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Artists
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|