Indian physicist (1898?1961)
Sir Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan
,
FRS
[1]
(4 December 1898 ? 14 June 1961) was an Indian
physicist
. He was a co-discoverer of
Raman scattering
,
[2]
for which his mentor
C. V. Raman
was awarded the 1930
Nobel Prize in Physics
.
Early life
[
edit
]
Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan generally referred to as K. S. Krishnan or KSK, was born in a
Vaishnavite
brahmin
family
[3]
on 4 December 1898 in
Watrap
,
Tamil Nadu
. His father was a farmer-scholar deeply versed in
Tamil
literature. He had his early education in Hindu Higher Secondary school, in Watrap, after which he attended
the American College in Madurai
and the
Madras Christian College
. After gaining his degree in Physics he became a demonstrator in chemistry.
[1]
Early career
[
edit
]
In 1920, Krishnan went to work with
C.V. Raman
at the
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
,
Kolkata
(then Calcutta). There he engaged himself in experimental study of the scattering of light in a large number of liquids and its theoretical interpretations. He played a significant role in the discovery of the Raman scattering.
In 1928 he moved to the
Dacca University
(now in Bangladesh) as the Reader in the physics department where he studied magnetic properties of crystals in relation to their structure. Krishnan, along with other rising scientists such as Santilal Banerjee, B.C. Guha, and
Asutosh Mukherjee
developed an elegant and precise experimental technique to measure the magnetic anisotropy of diamagnetic and paramagnetic crystals. Their findings were published by the Royal Society of London in 1933 under the title,
Investigations on Magne-Crystallic Action.
[4]
[5]
In 1933 he returned to Kolkata to take up the post of
Mahendralal Sircar
Professor of Physics in the
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
where he continued to collaborate fruitfully with Banerjee to elaborate on the magnetic properties of crystals in relation to their structure. Their joint papers and communications (published in
Nature, Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity
, and by the Royal Society), remain to this day, aside from a number of other pathbreaking contributions they also published in various Physics journals, the most definitive scientific studies on the structure and tendencies of small crystals. Their experiments in Dacca and continued collaborative research in Kolkata led to what is now known as the
Krishnan Banerjee method
for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of small crystals.
[6]
[7]
Krishnan was elected as
Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1940
.
[8]
His Royal Society candidature certificate in 1935 read:
"
Distinguished for his investigations in molecular optics and in magne-crystalline action:collaborated with Sir C.V. Raman in extensive theoretical and experimental studies on light scattering, molecular optics and in the discovery of the Raman Effect (1928). More recently has been publishing many valuable investigations (Phil Trans Royal Society and elsewhere) on the significance of magnetic anisotropy in relation to crystal architecture and thermo-magnetic behaviour at the lowest temperatures. Has published important work on pleochroism in crystals and its relation to photo-dissociation. Leader of an active school of research in Calcutta.
"
[9]
In 1942, he moved to
Allahabad University
as Professor and Head of the Department of Physics where he took up the physics of solids, in particular of metals.
He was knighted in the 1946 Birthday Honours List
[10]
and awarded the
Padma Bhushan
by the
Government of India
in 1954.
[11]
He was the first recipient of the prestigious
Bhatnagar Award
in 1958.
On 4 January 1947 K. S. Krishnan was appointed first director of
National Physical Laboratory
India
. This was one of the earliest national laboratories set up under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.
[12]
Quotes about Krishnan
[
edit
]
- What is remarkable about Krishnan is not that he is a great scientist but something much more. He is a perfect citizen, a whole man with an integrated personality.
? Jawaharlal Nehru
[13]
Collected works
[
edit
]
The scientific papers of K. S. Krishnan have been published in 1988 by the National Physical Laboratory (located on Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012). The book of 950 pages has been made available in the Public Library of India collection of the Internet archive at
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.502306
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
Lonsdale, D. K.; Bhabha, H. J. (1967). "Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan. 1898-1961".
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
.
13
: 244?255.
doi
:
10.1098/rsbm.1967.0012
.
S2CID
71581323
.
- ^
Singh, R. (2002). "C. V. Raman and the Discovery of the Raman Effect".
Physics in Perspective
.
4
(4): 399?420.
Bibcode
:
2002PhP.....4..399S
.
doi
:
10.1007/s000160200002
.
S2CID
121785335
.
- ^
Srinivasan, Mahadeva (5 June 2012).
"Not for him the second fiddle"
.
The Hindu
.
ISSN
0971-751X
. Retrieved
11 January
2022
.
- ^
by K.S. Krishnan, S. Banerjee, Volume 234, Issue 739 of Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London: Mathematical and physical sciences (1935).
Further Studies on Organic Crystals
. Harrison & Sons. p. 34.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link
)
- ^
Santilal Banerjee, Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan.
Modern Magnetism
.
Cambridge University Press
. p. 165.
- ^
By A. B Pippard (1985).
Response and stability: an introduction to the physical theory
.
Cambridge University Press
. p.
134
.
- ^
Mahanti, Dr Subodh.
"Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan"
. Vigyan Prasar Science Portal. Archived from
the original
on 23 December 2007.
- ^
"Not for him the second fiddle"
.
thehindu.com
. 5 June 2012
. Retrieved
28 September
2021
.
- ^
http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27EC%2F1940%2F12%27&dsqCmd=Show.tcl
[
dead link
]
- ^
London Gazette, 4 June 1946
- ^
"Archived copy"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 10 April 2009
. Retrieved
7 December
2010
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
)
- ^
"Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar"
. Archived from
the original
on 18 October 2013
. Retrieved
28 September
2021
.
- ^
"Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan"
. Archived from
the original
on 23 December 2007
. Retrieved
6 December
2007
.
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