From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mexican politician
In this
Spanish name
, the first or paternal
surname
is
Tornel
and the second or maternal family name is
Mendivil
.
Jose Maria de Tornel y Mendivil
(1795?1853) was a 19th-century creole (Mexican Spanish descent)
Mexican
army
general
and
politician
who greatly influenced Mexico’s political stage and the career of
President
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
.
Birth
[
edit
]
Jose Maria Tornel y Mendivil was born March 1, 1795, in the town of
Orizaba
,
Veracruz
,
New Spain
to Julian Tornel, a prominent local businessman, and Manuela Jacinta Bernarda Mendivil Vidal.
Career
[
edit
]
Tornel was prominent among the "santanistas"
a group of politicians and officials who helped Santa Anna return to power frequently, despite defeats in the 1836
Texas Revolution
and the 1846?48
Mexican?American War
. Tornel advocated a
federalist
agenda in the 1820s. During that time, Tornel y Mendivil became Mexico's first president
Guadalupe Victoria
's right arm.
1813 was the year Tornel joined the insurgency. During the War of Independence he was taken prisoner and sentenced to demise. President Guadelupe Victoria (1824-1829) and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1821) were soon to acquire Tornel as their private secretary. President Victoria named Tornel the Mexican ambassador to the United States in 1830.
His mission was to inform Victoria on Americans' ambitions to take Texas. Tornel was a bitter enemy of American policies. He complained to the Jackson administration about its failure to honor Mexico’s laws prohibiting further migration of Americans to Texas. He also tried and failed to secure a firm boundary along the Sabine River. Thanks his reports, Victoria's government came victorious in the
Fredonian Rebellion
. Although Tornel supported federalism during the Victoria presidency, he changed his political views to support Santa Anna's reactionary dictatorship in the 1850s. Tornel helped orchestrate the
Plan of Cuernavaca
revolt in 1834. Tornel served as Minister of War, and helped plan the campaign that led to the
Battle of the Alamo
.
He was the
President of the Chamber of Deputies
in 1828 and 1841.
[4]
General Tornel’s descendants continue to live in Mexico City. A street is named after him in the San Miguel Chapultepec borough in Mexico City.
Works
[
edit
]
- The "Tornel Decree" of December 30, 1835 (a key element in the
Texas Revolution
, giving Santa Anna license to execute all prisoners).
- October 12, 1842
Speech to the Constituent Congress
;
[6]
- Military Expenses of Iniquity, Barbarism and Despotism of the Spanish Government, Executed in the Towns of Orizava and Cordoba
;
[7]
- Brief historical review of the most notable events in the Mexican nation
;
[8]
- Brief historical review of the most notable events of the Mexican nation: [from 1821 to the present day]
;
[9]
- The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution
;
[10]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Enciclopedia Politica de Mexico 9 Tomo V.
(PDF)
. Senado de la Republica - Instituto Belisario Dominguez. 2010. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 2019-02-14
. Retrieved
2019-03-31
.
- ^
Tornel y Mendivil, Jose Maria (1842).
Discurso pronunciado por el exmo. sr. general ministro de guerra y marina don Jose Maria Tornel en la sesion del 12 de octubre de 1842 del Congreso constituyente. en apoyo del dictamen de la mayora de la comision de constitucio? del mismo
. Impr. de J. M. Lara – via
HathiTrust
.
- ^
Tornel y Mendivil, Jose Maria; Bustamante, Carlos Maria de (1843).
Fastos militares de iniquidad, barbarie y despotismo del gobierno espanol, ejecutados en las villas de Orizava y Cordoba en la guerra de once anos, por causa de la independencia y libertad de la nacion mexicana, hasta que se consumo la primera por los tratados de Cordoba, celebrados por ... d. Agustin de Iturbide y d. Juan de O'Donoju. Dalos a luz como documentos que apoyan las relaciones del Cuadro historico de la revolucion, y a sus espensas ...
Impreso por I. Cumplido – via HathiTrust.
- ^
Tornel y Mendivil, Jose Maria (1852).
Breve resena historica de los acontecimientos mas notables de la nacion mexicana
. Biblioteca de obras fundamentales de la Independencia y la Revolucion. Comision Nacional para las Celebraciones del 175 Aniversario de la Independencia Nacional y 75 Aniversario de la Revolucion Mexicana – via HathiTrust.
- ^
Tornel y Mendivil, Jose Maria (1853).
Breve resena historica de los acontecimientos mas notables de la nacion mexicana: [desde el ano de 1821 hasta nuestros dias]
. Biblioteca de obras fundamentales de la Independencia y la Revolucion. Instituto Nacional de Estudios Historicos de la Revolucion Mexicana – via HathiTrust.
- ^
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de; Castaneda, Carlos Eduardo; Tornel y Mendivil, Jose Maria; Urrea, Jose; Filisola, Vicente.; Martinez Caro, Ramon. (1970).
The Mexican side of the Texas Revolution, 1836
. Graphic Ideas – via HathiTrust.
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Fowler, Will (2000).
Tornel and Santa Anna: The Writer and the Caudillo, Mexico, 1795?1853
. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
ISBN
0-313-30914-0
.
[
dead link
]
- Fowler, Will (2007).
Santa Anna of Mexico
. University of Nebraska Press.
ISBN
978-0-8032-5646-0
– via
Project MUSE
.
- Haynes, Sam W.; Saxon, Gerald D.; Cantrell, Gregg; Schlereth, Eric (2015).
Contested Empire: Rethinking the Texas Revolution
. Texas A&M University Press.
ISBN
978-1-62349-310-3
– via
Project MUSE
.
- Jackson, Jack; Wheat, John (2005).
Almonte's Texas: Juan N. Almonte's 1834 Inspection, Secret Report & Role in the 1836 Campaign
. Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association.
ISBN
978-0-87611-207-6
– via Portal to Texas History.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Winders, Richard Bruce (April 4, 2017). "
"This Is A Cruel Truth, But I Cannot Omit It": The Origin and Effect of Mexico's No Quarter Policy in the Texas Revolution".
Southwestern Historical Quarterly
.
120
(4): 412?439.
doi
:
10.1353/swh.2017.0000
.
ISSN
1558-9560
.
S2CID
151940992
.
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