Goan nationalist
Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola
, popularly known as
Fanchu Loyola
(born
Salcete
,
Goa
, 11 March 1891; died
Portugal
, 1973), was, in the words of Charles Borges, "Goa’s foremost nationalist".
[1]
He is noted for his journalism and political activism in support of human rights and democracy, humanism, anti-colonialism, and Goan independence.
[2]
Biography
[
edit
]
Born in the home of his maternal grandparents, he was the son of Avertano Loyola and Maria Angelica Conceicao Gomes, who were prominent in the
Partido Indiano
, a political party associated with the
Chardo
caste.
[3]
His uncle Jose Inacio de Loyola was a lawyer, owner of
A India Portuguesa
(itself the paper of the Partido Indiano), and a fierce critic of Portuguese colonialism in India. At the time of Fanchu Loyola's birth both his father and uncle were in exile in British India, not returning to Goa until September 1891.
[4]
In 1917, Fanchu Loyola married Amy Amelia D'Souza, daughter of Thomas D'Souza and herself highly educated; they had three girls and a boy.
[5]
Fanchu Loyola edited and founded various newspapers, among them the
Jornal da India
, though these tended to be suppressed by the government.
[6]
When the
Jornal da India
, for example, was suspended in 1913 by then Governor-General of Portuguese India, Francisco Manuel Couceiro da Costa, Loyola published an open letter to the Governor-General criticising the inhibition of his freedom of speech entitled
Cara Politica
and proceeded to found the new
Rebate
.
In 1926, Loyola was the strategist behind the election of
Prazeres da Costa
[
who?
]
to the Superior Council of Colonies. Among his writings and speeches, he became particularly noted for his speech "Basta" ("enough is enough"), a pro-democracy and anti-colonial speech given on 25 November 1932. In the 1930s, Loyola moved to
Bombay
, where he edited
Portugal e Colonias
. While inspector of village communities, in 1927, he undertook agricultural experiments in
Carambolim
, and wrote extensively on the possibilities for Goa's economic development.
[7]
On 11 October 1946, he was arrested, sentenced to four years' imprisonment and the removal of his political rights for fifteen years, and deported to
Peniche Fortress
until his early and conditional release on 12 January 1947.
[8]
He remained in Portugal until 1958, but after Goa's
conquest by India
returned to Portugal: "Disillusioned and too old to take up the fight, he returned to Lisbon to live in isolation and mourn the loss of his beloved Goa".
[9]
He died in Portugal in 1973.
Writings
[
edit
]
Many of Loyola's writings are available in English translation:
- Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000)
- Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola,
Passionate and Unrestrained
, trans. by
Alexandre Moniz Barbosa
(Panjim: Broadway Book Centre, 2008)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000).
- ^
Carmo D’Souza,
Goa Through the Eyes of Fanchu Loyola
(Agnelo D’Souza 2005).
- ^
Paul Melo e Castro (trans.),
Lengthening Shadows
, 2 vols (Saligao: Goa, 1556, 2016), I p. 14.
- ^
Carmo D'Souza, 'J. I. De Loyola: The Man with a Futuristic Vision', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xxix-xxxv (pp. xxix-xxx); Yona Loyola-Nazareth, 'Loyola: A Man of Honour', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xxxvi-xxxviii (p. xxxvi).
- ^
Yona Loyola-Nazareth, 'Loyola: A Man of Honour', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xxxvi-xxxviii (p. xxxviii).
- ^
Lino Leitao, 'J. I. de Loyola: A Born Democrat', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xvii-xxvii (pp. xvii-xix).
- ^
Carmo D'Souza, 'J. I. De Loyola: The Man with a Futuristic Vision', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xxix-xxxv (pp. xxix-xxxiii).
- ^
Lino Leitao, 'J. I. de Loyola: A Born Democrat', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xvii-xxvii; Carmo D'Souza, 'J. I. De Loyola: The Man with a Futuristic Vision', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xxix-xxxv (pp. xxix-xxxiii).
- ^
Yona Loyola-Nazareth, 'Loyola: A Man of Honour', in
Goa’s Foremost Nationalist Jose Inacio Candido de Loyola: The Man and his Writings
, ed. by Charles Borges, trans. by Lino Leitao (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 2000), pp. xxxvi-xxxviii (p. xxxvii).
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|