President of Portugal from 1996 to 2006
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio
GColTE
GColIH
GColL
(
Portuguese pronunciation:
[??????
s???paju]
ⓘ
; 18 September 1939 ? 10 September 2021) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the
18th
President of Portugal
from 1996 to 2006. Sampaio was a member of the
Socialist Party
, a party which he led between 1989 and 1992. He served as the
Mayor of Lisbon
from 1990 to 1995 and High-Representative for the
Alliance of Civilizations
between 2007 and 2013.
Sampaio was an opponent to the dictatorship of
Estado Novo
. He participated in the student crisis in the 1960s and worked as a lawyer for political prisoners. During his presidency, Portugal relinquished its last colony
Macau
, which was handed over to China, and Sampaio played an important role in the
1999 East Timorese crisis
.
Early life
[
edit
]
Sampaio was born in
Lisbon
on 18 September 1939 into a middle-class family.
[3]
[4]
The Sampaio family lived in the United States and the United Kingdom for some years due to the professional activity of his father Arnaldo Sampaio (1908?1984), a physician who was recognized for promoting the National Vaccination Program.
[5]
[4]
[6]
Jorge Sampaio's mother was Fernanda Bensaude Branco (1908?2000), daughter of Sara Bensliman Bensaude, who was a
Sephardi Jew
from Morocco and died in 1976. Sampaio's maternal grandfather
Fernando Augusto Branco
[
pt
]
(1880?1940) was an officer of the
Portuguese Navy
and later served as
Foreign Minister
of Portugal, and his maternal great-granduncle was the businessman
Jose Bensaude
[
pt
]
(1835?1922).
[5]
[6]
Sampaio did not consider himself a Jew and was
agnostic
.
[a]
In an interview for the daily newspaper
Publico
, Sampaio said he recalled his parents "putting tapes on the windows, because it was feared that Hitler would come down that way [to Portugal]".
[3]
His brother is psychiatrist and academic
Daniel Sampaio
[
pt
]
(born 1946).
[5]
[3]
Sampaio grew up in a manor house in
Sintra
.
[3]
He attended Queen Elizabeth's School, in Sao Bento, Lisbon.
[8]
In the 1947?1948 school year, the Sampaio family?except Daniel?moved to the United States and settled in
Baltimore
, where his father taught at
Johns Hopkins University
. Sampaio enrolled at the
YMCA
, where he practiced boxing and swimming; he also attended piano lessons at the
Peabody Institute
and participated in its orchestra. At the end of the school year, Sampaio returned to his aunt's and uncle's house in Lisbon, and soon after to Sintra when his parents returned from the US. In 1949, Jorge Sampaio wanted to enter
Colegio Militar
, but failed, so he enrolled at Liceu Pedro Nunes. After finishing the fifth grade, Sampaio chose a set of subjects that gave him access to the Law course at Liceu Passos Manuel.
[4]
[9]
Political career
[
edit
]
Jorge Sampaio started his political career as a student of the
Faculty of Law
of the
University of Lisbon
.
[4]
Sampaio had a key role in student resistance and the
1960s academic crisis
protesting against the fascist
Estado Novo
regime, and led the Lisbon students union between 1960 and 1961.
[10]
Following his graduation in 1961, Sampaio started a career as a lawyer before entering politics following his father's advice, and often defended political prisoners.
[4]
He was in charge of the defense of the accused in famous cases such as the assault on
Beja Barracks
and those arrested during the
Vigilia da Capela do Rato
[
pt
]
protest. In his office were the documents that opposed the exile of
Mario Soares
, who Sampaio would later succeed in the presidency of the Republic.
[10]
He also worked as a director for the
Portuguese Bar Association
.
[10]
In the 1970s, he was a co-founder of
Movimento de Esquerda Socialista
(MES).
[11]
Carnation Revolution and political beginnings
[
edit
]
On 25 April 1974, during the
Carnation Revolution
, Sampaio was awakened by a friend's telephone call; he went to his office to gather information but returned home when the
Armed Forces Movement
ordered via radio no-one should leave their homes. Sampaio originated the slogan "
25 de Abril, sempre!
" ("Always the 25 of April!").
[10]
[12]
In May 1974, Sampaio co-founded the
Movement of Socialist Left
("Movimento de Esquerda Socialista (MES)") but soon after abandoned the political project when, in the first MES congress in December, he strongly opposed its
Marxist-Leninist ideology
.
[10]
[12]
On 28 September 1974, Sampaio participated in the barricades to prevent the arrival of citizens at a demonstration in support of General
Antonio de Spinola
, then-president of the Republic, in an act known as the "demonstration of the silent majority".
[12]
After the failed communist
coup of 25 November 1975
, Sampaio founded
Intervencao Socialista
(IS) (Socialist Intervention) in an attempt to unify the left but with little success.
[12]
In 1978, IS was absorbed by the
Partido Socialista
(PS) ("Socialist Party") and Sampaio joined that party, where he was associated with its left-most wing.
[12]
[13]
Sampaio was first elected to the
Assembly of the Republic
in the
1979 legislative election
as a deputy for Lisbon, an office he successively held until 1991.
[10]
Between 1979 and 1984, Sampaio was the first Portuguese member of the
European Commission for Human Rights
of the
Council of Europe
.
[14]
Between 1987 and 1988,
[15]
he was president of the parliamentary bench of the PS.
[10]
On 18 November 1988, Jorge Sampaio became a candidate for Secretary-General of the PS, and on 16 January 1989, after defeating
Jaime Gama
, he succeeded
Vitor Constancio
, who resigned. Sampaio led the PS until 1992, when
Antonio Guterres
defeated him by winning the primaries, after being presented as an alternative following the party's poor results in the
1991 legislative election
.
[4]
[10]
[12]
Mayor of Lisbon
[
edit
]
Also in 1989, Sampaio was
elected
the 62nd
Mayor of Lisbon
with a left-wing coalition the PS led after winning 49.1% of the vote against PSD candidate
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
.
[16]
[17]
This alliance was the first between the PS and the
Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP) after the Carnation Revolution, and was joined by the PEV, the UDP, the MDP/CDE and the PSR, and inaugurated a policy of municipal alliances with the PCP at Sampaio's initiative, which the PS did not support.
[16]
[17]
Sampaio's mandate as mayor of Lisbon saw the conclusion of the
Plano Estrategico e do Plano Diretor Municipal
(PDM) and of the
Plano Especial de Realojamento
(PER), the consolidation and inauguration of Lisbon as
European Capital of Culture
in 1994, the reconstruction of
Chiado
district that burned down in 1988, and the opening of the Chiado and Music museums.
[16]
[17]
Sampaio was re-elected for a second term as mayor in
1993
.
[12]
In February 1995, he announced his intention to run for the following year's
presidential election
, which he confirmed in July. Due to his candidacy, Sampaio resigned from his mayoral post and was succeeded by
Joao Soares
on 15 November, the day he presented his candidacy before the
Constitutional Court
.
[6]
[12]
[18]
Presidency (2006?2016)
[
edit
]
First term: 1996?2001
[
edit
]
The electoral campaign began on 31 December 1995; throughout the campaign, polls favored Sampaio over the other candidate, former Prime Minister
Anibal Cavaco Silva
.
[19]
[20]
Sampaio won the election with 3,035,056 votes (52.66%)
[21]
[22]
and was sworn in on 9 March 1996 in a ceremony at the
Assembly of the Republic
, succeeding
Mario Soares
.
[23]
There was also a historic coincidence: it was the first time the sitting president and prime minister were members of the same political party.
[17]
On 13 April, Sampaio was admitted to Lisboan Santa Cruz hospital to undergo heart surgery and was discharged 12 days later. On 27 July, he was again admitted to the hospital for open heart surgery.
[12]
Due to this, Sampaio requested leave for a temporary impediment at the
Constitutional Court
; it was the first-such incident. Sampaio was replaced by the President of the Assembly
Almeida Santos
.
[10]
[12]
On 19 May 1996, during the
1996 Taca de Portugal Final
at
Estadio Nacional
, a
S. L. Benfica
cheerleader laucnhed a rocket that killed a
Sporting CP
fan. Sampaio called for an emergency meeting at halftime in which he tried to cancel the second half of the match.
[3]
[24]
In May 1998, Sampaio inaugurated
Expo '98
in Lisbon.
[25]
In 1998, Sampaio became the first president to call referenda: the first was held on 28 June about
abortion
and the second was held on 8 November about
regionalization
.
[12]
East Timorese struggle
[
edit
]
Upon becoming president in 1996, Sampaio and the government of
Antonio Guterres
began to work on the independence of
East Timor
, which was then a province of Indonesia. In Oslo in 1999, in a
CNN
debate on the situation in Timor with Nobel Peace Prize winners
Jose Ramos-Horta
and bishop
Carlos Ximenes Belo
, Sampaio's intervention had international repercussions due to his confrontation with the Indonesian ambassador to the
United Nations
(UN)
Nugroho Wisnumurtio
.
[26]
[27]
Sampaio supported the independence of East Timor.
[4]
After the
resignation of Indonesia's President Suharto
in 1998 and the succession of
B. J. Habibie
, Portuguese and international diplomacy led to the holding in East Timor of an
independence referendum
for the province.
[28]
The plebescite was held on 30 August 1999
[29]
and was followed by a campaign of extreme violence and terror by pro-Indonesian militias, and Portugal put pressure on the international community, especially the administration of U.S. President
Bill Clinton
, to take a position.
[29]
[26]
A crisis cabinet was convened at
Belem Palace
.
[28]
Sampaio and the Portuguese government made contacts for an international peacekeeping force to enter the territory.
[12]
On 15 September 1999, the
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264
was adopted and the
International Force East Timor
was established.
[30]
Former
President of East Timor
Jose Ramos-Horta said Sampaio "was a great defender of the East Timorese cause and played a crucial role in the political and diplomatic solution that led to independence".
[4]
Sampaio visited East Timor for the first time in February 2000; he was the first Portuguese head of state to do so but his visit was shortened when he learned of the death of his mother.
[12]
[31]
Sampaio returned to East Timor in 2002 following the country's Independence with
Xanana Gusmao
as president.
[28]
East Timor was also the destination for Sampaio's last official trip in 2006.
[28]
End of Portuguese sovereignty over Macau
[
edit
]
In 1999, negotiations for the transfer of sovereignty over
Macau
to China came to an end and on 19 December, the transfer was completed with the Chinese president
Jiang Zemin
. Shortly before midnight, Sampaio made a farewell speech, ending 442 years of Portuguese colonialism in Macau.
[12]
[28]
[32]
Sampaio's participation in the ceremony was doubtful in March of that year because Sampaio refused to take part without the resolution of questions about the territory's future.
[33]
Second term: 2001?2006
[
edit
]
On 19 October 2000, Sampaio announced his candidacy
[12]
in the
2001 presidential election
. Sampaio won the election, defeating
Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral
with 2,401,015 votes (55.55%).
[21]
[34]
In 2001, while the
September 11 attacks
on the U.S. cities
New York
and
Washington, D.C.
, were underway, Sampaio was having lunch with a guest at Belem Palace and had to immediately cancel.
[26]
In early September 2002, discussions about a possible
invasion of Iraq
began; from that moment, as Sampaio acknowledged in an interview in 2016, he did not agree with
Durao Barroso
's position Portugal should participate and was strongly opposed to sending troops to Iraq.
[35]
Sampaio thought the Azores summit would have the objective of avoiding war, according to the prime minister, but as president, Sampaio was not competent to decide on foreign policy.
[26]
[35]
The defeat of the Socialist Party in the
municipal elections of 2001
ended the government of Antonio Guterres, who resigned. Instead of appointing the new leader of the PS
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
as head of government, after a round of consultations with the parliamentary parties, Sampaio dissolved the Assembly and called elections for March 2002.
[36]
[26]
Jose Manuel Barroso
won the
legislative election
and Sampaio nominated him as the new prime minister.
[37]
In February 2002, in an interview for the BBC, Sampaio said Portugal would hold a new referendum to decriminalize abortion. In the same interview, he defended the government's decision to decriminalize the use of certain drugs, a proposal several European leaders criticized. Sampaio also stated Europe should commit itself more energetically to resolve the crisis in the Middle East, and that the Palestinians and Israelis should return to negotiations.
[38]
On 4 April 2002, Sampaio said he welcomed the peace accords that ended the
Angolan Civil War
, saying it "opens the way to reconciliation among Angolans and general elections".
[39]
In October 2003, Sampaio invited the presidents of Finland and Germany, and the soon-to-be EU members Hungary, Latvia, and Poland to
Arraiolos
to discuss the consequences of the
2004 enlargement of the European Union
and plans for a
Constitution for Europe
.
[40]
In 2004, Sampaio refused to hold an early election following the resignation of
Social Democratic Party
Prime Minister Durao Barroso. Sampaio's refusal was met with protests from all left-wing parties and the resignation of socialist leader
Ferro Rodrigues
.
[41]
Sampaio appointed
Pedro Santana Lopes
as Prime Minister on 9 July 2004.
[12]
On 30 November, Sampaio said the new cabinet was not achieving the desired stability and he dissolved the
Parliament
and called another
election
for February 2005.
[42]
Following the PS's absolute majority in this election, Sampaio appointed
Jose Socrates
Prime Minister.
[12]
Sampaio's successor was chosen in the
presidential election
on 22 January 2006.
[43]
Anibal Cavaco Silva
, who Sampaio defeated in 1996, succeeded him on 9 March 2006.
[44]
During his ten years in office, Sampaio convened the
Portuguese Council of State
22 times, mainly to manage the Macau issue. As of 2023
[update]
, it is the highest number of conventions of any Portuguese president.
[45]
Post-presidential career
[
edit
]
As a former President, Jorge Sampaio became a member of the Portuguese Council of State in 2006.
[46]
He was also member of the
Club de Madrid
, an organization of more than 80 former democratic statespersons.
[47]
In May 2006,
United Nations Secretary-General
Kofi Annan
appointed Sampaio as his first
Special Envoy
for the
Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis
.
[48]
On 26 April 2007, new UN Secretary-General
Ban Ki-moon
designated Sampaio as High Representative for the
Alliance of Civilizations
,
[49]
a position he held until February 2013, when
Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser
succeeded him.
[50]
In 2010, Sampaio participated in the jury for
Fondation Chirac
's Conflict Prevention Prize.
[51]
From 2013, he led the Global Platform for Syrian Students to boost the academic training of young people in Syria after the outbreak of the country's
civil war
and
refugee crisis
.
[52]
On 26 August 2021, in an article in the newspaper
Publico
, Sampaio announced the Global Platform for Syrian Students was creating academic training for female Afghan students amid the
Taliban's seizure of power in Afghanistan
.
[17]
[53]
Personal life
[
edit
]
Jorge Sampaio married twice. In 1967, he married Karin Schmidt Dias, a physician and daughter of anthropologist
Antonio Jorge Dias
[
pt
]
and German-born pianist
Margot Dias
[
pt
]
(nee Schmidt), with whom he had no children. The couple divorced in 1971.
[54]
[55]
On 6 April 1974, Sampaio married
Maria Jose Rodrigues Ritta
[
pt
]
, with whom he had two children: Vera Ritta de Sampaio was born in 1975
[56]
and Andre Ritta de Sampaio was born in 1980.
[56]
[54]
[17]
[55]
Sampaio played piano from childhood and was a member of
Sporting CP
, in which his membership number was 3,109.
[3]
He supported
bullfighting
,
[57]
and collected records and paintings. He was shy, cried easily, was discreet, had a poor temper, and was altruistic.
[55]
[58]
He also had a British accent and red hair he inherited from a paternal great-grandfather.
[3]
Death and funeral
[
edit
]
In August 2021, while on vacation in
Algarve
, Sampaio began to feel unwell and was transferred by helicopter to Lisbon. On 27 August, he was admitted to Santa Cruz hospital,
[59]
where he died of respiratory failure on 10 September 2021, eight days before his 82nd birthday.
[60]
[61]
On that day, the Council of Ministers decreed three days of national mourning would begin on 11 September.
[62]
The next day, the funeral procession transited
Lisbon City Hall
, where the mayor
Fernando Medina
received him. The final destination was the Royal Riding Arena of the
National Coach Museum
, where the mortuary chapel was installed and his coffin was flanked with wreaths of red carnations.
[63]
On Sunday 12, September, Sampaio's
state funeral
was held at
Jeronimos Monastery
and was attended by the highest national institutions, including
UN Secretary-General
and former Prime Minister
Antonio Guterres
. Also present were foreign leaders such as the
King of Spain
Felipe VI
, the
Prime Minister of Cape Verde
Ulisses Correia e Silva
, the President of the
Parliament of East Timor
Aniceto Guterres Lopes
, and delegates of the
Community of Portuguese Language Countries
.
[64]
Later, in a private ceremony, Sampaio was buried at
Alto de Sao Joao Cemetery
, Lisbon.
[65]
Honours and awards
[
edit
]
In 2004, Sampaio received the
Charles V European Award
.
[12]
In 2009, Sampaio was awarded the
North?South Prize
of the
Council of Europe
.
[66]
In 2015, he, along with Dr.
Helena Ndume
, was a recipient of the
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize
in recognition of his role in the campaign for the restoration of democracy in Portugal, the
pro bono
defense of political prisoners, and for raising awareness of
tuberculosis
as the UN Secretary-General's first Special Envoy to Stop Tuberculosis.
[67]
[68]
National honours
[
edit
]
Foreign honours
[
edit
]
Source:
[71]
Honoris causa
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
- ^
- Jerusalem Post: I understand that you have Jewish ancestry in your family. What is your personal connection to the Jewish people? Do you consider yourself to be a Jew?.
- Jorge Sampaio: My grandmother belonged to a Jewish family that came from Morocco in the beginning of the 19th century. She married a non-Jewish naval officer who later was Foreign Affairs minister. I am naturally very proud of this ancestry and of all those that I call my "favorite Jewish cousins", one of whom is the president of the Lisbon Jewish Community, as I am proud of the ancestry on my non-Jewish father's side. Personally, I am agnostic, and I do not consider myself a Jew; but I am proud, as I said, of my ancestors.
[7]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Henriques, Graca (18 September 2019).
"Oito decadas na vida de Jorge Sampaio"
.
Diario de Noticias
. Retrieved
30 May
2024
.
- ^
Jorge Sampaio (Presidency of the Portuguese Republic website, Previous Presidents)
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Antunes, Alexandra (11 September 2021).
"Jorge Sampaio, o presidente que tocava piano e falava ingles"
.
SAPO
(in Portuguese).
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Wise, Peter (10 September 2021).
"Jorge Sampaio, president of Portugal, 1939?2021"
.
Financial Times
. Archived from
the original
on 10 December 2022.
- ^
a
b
c
Valdemar, Antonio (10 September 2021).
"As raizes judaicas acorianas de Jorge Sampaio"
.
Publico
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Jorge Sampaio"
. Museum of the Presidency of the Republic
. Retrieved
11 August
2023
.
- ^
Portugal's President: 'I am proud of my Jewish ancestry'
, Michael Freund, retrieved from
The Jerusalem Post
of 7 November 2003
Archived
9 February 2008 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Henriques, Graca (18 September 2019).
"Oito decadas na vida de Jorge Sampaio"
.
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- ^
Ferreira, Joao (10 September 2021).
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.
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a
b
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f
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h
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"Jorge Sampaio. Presidente, socialista, paciente e conciliador"
.
Radio e Televisao de Portugal
. 10 September 2021.
- ^
Lopes, Sonia Sapage e Maria (25 April 2022).
"Cronologia dos Partidos"
.
PUBLICO
(in Portuguese)
. Retrieved
17 April
2024
.
- ^
a
b
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h
i
j
k
l
m
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o
p
q
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.
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- ^
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(PDF)
.
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7 November
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- ^
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12 September
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- ^
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- ^
a
b
c
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.
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a
b
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f
Moreira Rato, Maria (11 September 2021).
"Jorge Sampaio: Democrata e humanista"
.
Nascer do SOL
(in Portuguese).
- ^
"Camino del segundo mandato"
.
El Mundo
(in Spanish). January 2001.
- ^
"Arranca la campana presidencial en Portugal con clara ventaja de Sampaio"
.
La Vanguardia
. 1 January 1996.
- ^
"El socialista Sampaio, claro favorito en las elecciones presidenciales de hoy en Portugal"
.
La Vanguardia
. 14 January 1996.
- ^
a
b
Comissao Nacional de Eleicoes
Archived
8 April 2005 at the
Wayback Machine
(2001)
- ^
Comissao Nacional de Eleicoes
Archived
4 October 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
(1996)
- ^
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.
AP Press
. 9 March 1996.
- ^
Alvarez, Luciano (20 May 2018).
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.
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.
- ^
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.
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e
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.
Visao
.
- ^
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.
RTP
. 10 September 2021.
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a
b
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Martins, Andreia (10 September 2021).
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.
- ^
a
b
Lluis Maria de Puig, member of the Political Affairs Committee (20 September 1999).
Situation in East Timor
(Report).
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
.
- ^
"Security Council authorises multinational force in East Timor"
. United Nations. 15 September 1999.
- ^
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. 13 February 2000.
- ^
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.
BBC
. 19 December 1999.
- ^
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.
BBC
. 22 March 1999.
- ^
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.
BBC
. 14 January 2001.
- ^
a
b
Simoes, Sonia; Cruz, Mario (7 May 2016).
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.
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.
- ^
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.
BBC
. 28 December 2001.
- ^
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.
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. 21 March 2002.
- ^
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.
BBC
. 14 February 2002.
- ^
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.
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. 4 April 2002.
- ^
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.
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. Retrieved
5 October
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.
- ^
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.
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. 12 July 2004.
- ^
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.
BBC
. 10 December 2004.
- ^
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.
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. 22 January 2006.
- ^
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.
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.
- ^
Mendes, Ines (9 December 2015).
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.
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.
- ^
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.
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. 17 March 2020.
- ^
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.
- ^
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(11 May 2006).
"UN Secretary-General appoints former head of state as first Special Envoy to Stop TB"
.
- ^
"Ban Ki-moon nombra a Jorge Sampaio para dirigir la Alianza de Civilizaciones"
.
ABC
. 27 April 2007.
- ^
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.
Publico
. 27 February 2013.
- ^
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.
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. Retrieved
21 December
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.
- ^
Chacon, Francisco (10 September 2021).
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.
ABC
(in Spanish).
- ^
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.
Publico
(in Portuguese). 26 August 2021.
- ^
a
b
Carrasco, Tiago (15 September 2021).
"Amores e magoas de Sampaio"
.
Sabado
(in Portuguese).
- ^
a
b
c
Teixeira da Silva, Helena (10 September 2021).
"Morreu Jorge Sampaio, o "prisioneiro da ansiedade por um futuro melhor"
"
.
Jornal do Noticias
(in Portuguese).
- ^
a
b
"Jorge Sampaio, Museu da Presidencia da Republica"
.
- ^
"Ex-Presidente da Republica, Jorge Sampaio, sai em defesa das touradas"
.
O Mirante
(in Portuguese). 28 March 2007.
- ^
"Jorge Sampaio. Um politico de lagrima facil mas de decisoes duras"
.
Jornal de Negocios
(in Portuguese). 11 September 2021.
- ^
"Jorge Sampaio internado com dificuldades respiratorias"
.
Jornal de Noticias
(in Portuguese). 27 August 2021.
- ^
"Morreu Jorge Sampaio"
.
Radio e Televisao de Portugal
(in Portuguese). 10 September 2021.
- ^
"Jorge Sampaio, who showed extent of Portuguese presidential powers, dies at 81"
.
Reuters
. 10 September 2021.
- ^
"Jorge Sampaio. Governo decreta luto nacional de tres dias"
.
RTP
. 10 September 2021.
- ^
Porfirio, Joao; Silva, Tomas; Ventura, Diogo (11 September 2021).
"Coroas de cravos vermelhos e aplausos. As imagens do velorio de Jorge Sampaio"
.
Observador
.
- ^
Lopes, Miguel A. (12 September 2021).
"Homenagem e funeral com Honras de Estado no ultimo adeus a Jorge Sampaio"
.
RTP
.
- ^
"A ultima homenagem a Jorge Sampaio, o "homem bom" que nao quis ser heroi. "Mas foi" ? como aconteceu"
.
Observador
.
- ^
"Queen Rania of Jordan and Jorge Sampaio to receive Council of Europe North-South Prize"
.
Council of Europe
. 10 March 2009
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
Kutesa announces the winners of the United Nations Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize
- ^
"United Nations News Centre"
.
UN News Service Section
. 22 June 2015
. Retrieved
21 December
2015
.
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a
b
c
d
"ENTIDADES NACIONAIS AGRACIADAS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS"
.
Presidency of Portugal
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
"Banda da Gra-Cruz das Tres Ordens"
.
Historic Archive of the Presidency of Portugal
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
af
ag
ah
ai
aj
ak
al
am
an
ao
ap
"ENTIDADES NACIONAIS AGRACIADAS COM ORDENS ESTRANGEIRAS"
.
Presidency of Portugal
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
Royal website photo
- ^
"Lithuanian Presidency"
. Archived from
the original
on 19 April 2014
. Retrieved
15 May
2012
.
- ^
Slovak republic website,
State honours
: 1st Class in 2003 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
- ^
"Real Decreto 1558/2000, de 8 de septiembre, por el que se concede el Collar de la Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III a su excelencia senor Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio, Presidente de la Republica Portuguesa"
.
Boletin Oficial del Estado
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
"Real Decreto 1126/1996, de 17 de mayo, por el que se concede el Collar de la Orden de Isabel la Catolica a su excelencia senor Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio Presidente de la Republica Portuguesa"
.
Boletin Oficial del Estado
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
"Honoris Causa"
.
University of Aveiro
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
- ^
"Jorge Sampaio recebe hoje grau de doutor "honoris causa" pela Universidade de Coimbra"
.
Publico
. 24 January 2010.
- ^
a
b
"Jorge Sampaio distinguido com doutoramento 'honoris causa'
"
.
Sol
. 12 November 2014.
- ^
"Doutores Honoris Causa pela Universidade do Porto"
.
University of Porto
. Retrieved
10 September
2021
.
External links
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