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History
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Date
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John Montgomery Cooper
(October 28, 1881 – May 22, 1949) was an American
priest
, anthropologist, and sociologist. He was a sociology professor at the
Catholic University of America
and from 1934 to 1949 served as chairman of the first Department of Anthropology in a Catholic university. In his anthropological fieldwork, he specialized in studying the Indians of South America and
Native Americans
of North America.
Early life
[
edit
]
John Montgomery Cooper was born on October 28, 1881, in
Rockville, Maryland
and grew up in the city of
Baltimore
.
[2]
[1]
He was a descendant of
Quaker Christians
from England.
[2]
He received his education at
Pontifical North American College
and was ordained a
priest
in 1905, having completed
Doctor of Philosophy
and
Doctor of Sacred Theology
degrees.
[2]
Career
[
edit
]
After his
ordination
to the
priesthood
in 1905, Cooper received an invitation from the rector of the
Catholic University of America
to join the Department of Apologetics.
[2]
Cooper established the Department of Religious Education at the Catholic University of America in 1920.
[2]
He became an associate professor of sociology in 1923 and gained a professorship in sociology in 1928. From 1934 to 1949, he served as chairman of the first Department of Anthropology in a Catholic university.
[1]
[2]
[3]
As an anthropologist, his original fieldwork was in the Tete de Boule of
Ottawa
.
[2]
Though Cooper's expertise was in the Indians of
South America
, he never did fieldwork there; instead, he took research trips to study Native American tribes who spoke
Algonquian languages
, making several visits to the
Great Plains
and northeastern
Canada
.
[1]
From his studies there, Cooper wrote many articles about Algonquian culture, customs, and religion.
[1]
Cooper developed the theory that both the South American and North American Indians were "marginal peoples" who were cultural relics from prehistoric times and had been displaced by subsequent migrations into less desirable living areas.
[1]
He first publicized this theory in his 1941 book
Temporal Sequence and the Marginal Cultures
.
[1]
In a hearing before the
United States Senate
in 1945,
To Permit all people from India residing in the United States to be Naturalized
, Cooper recorded that: "The people of India are predominantly Caucasoid. Their features, hair texture, hairiness, the shape of the nose, mouth, and so on, are all distinctly Caucasoid".
[4]
Cooper founded the
academic journal
Primitive Man
, which was renamed
Anthropological Quarterly
in 1953.
[1]
Personal life
[
edit
]
Cooper died on May 22, 1949, in Washington, D.C.
[1]
Selected works
[
edit
]
- An Analytical and Critical Bibliography of the Tribes of Tierra del Fuego and Adjacent Territory
(1917)
[1]
- Religion Outlines for Colleges
[2]
- Temporal Sequence and the Marginal Cultures
(1941)
[1]
- The Gros Ventres of Montana
(1957)
[1]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
"John M. Cooper"
.
Encyclopædia Britannica
. October 24, 2020
. Retrieved
December 3,
2020
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Leon, Sharon M. (June 5, 2013).
An Image of God: The Catholic Struggle with Eugenics
. University of Chicago Press. p. 42.
ISBN
978-0-226-03898-8
.
- ^
Darnell, Regna. Frederic Wright (ed.).
Celebrating a Century of the American Anthropological Association: Presidential Portraits
. University of Nebraska Press. p. 90.
In 1923 he became an associate professor, and in 1928 a professor of anthropology. A separate department was created in 1934 with Cooper as its head.
- ^
To Permit All People from India Residing in the United States to be Naturalized: Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Immigration, United States Senate, Seventy-ninth Congress, First Session, on S. 236. April 26, 1945
.
United States Senate Committee on Immigration
. April 26, 1945. p. 5.
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