Australian diplomat and academic (1915-2010)
John Wear Burton
(2 March 1915 ? 23 June 2010) was an Australian
public servant
,
High Commissioner
and
academic
.
Early life
[
edit
]
Burton was born in
Melbourne
, the son of the Rev John Wear Burton, a
Methodist
Minister
.
[2]
He was educated at
Newington College
(1924?1932)
[3]
and went on to graduate from the
University of Sydney
in 1937.
[1]
Public service
[
edit
]
In 1937 Burton became a member of the
Commonwealth Public Service
from where he was granted a Commonwealth scholarship to pursue a
doctorate
at the
London School of Economics
.
[4]
He joined the
Department of External Affairs
in 1941 and served as private secretary to
Herbert Vere Evatt
. In 1947, aged 32,
[5]
he became Secretary of the Department of External Affairs and held that position until June 1950.
[6]
At the beginning of 1951 he took up the position of Australian High Commissioner to
Ceylon
,
[7]
but resigned to return home and contest the Federal election of that year in the electorate of
Lowe
. As the
Australian Labor Party
(ALP) candidate he was beaten by
William McMahon
, a future Prime Minister of Australia.
[8]
Academic career
[
edit
]
While writing his first book,
The Alternative
, Burton farmed outside
Canberra
and in 1960 was awarded a fellowship at the
Australian National University
. Two years later the
Rockefeller Foundation
awarded him a grant to study neutralism in
Africa
and
Asia
. In 1963, while a Reader in International Relations at
University College
University of London
, he established the Centre for the Analysis of Conflict. He then went on to hold fellowships at numerous universities while living in Canberra.
[9]
Burton introduced the terminology of "rooted causes of conflict," which focuses on unmet human needs as the source of conflicts.
[10]
: 14
Burton's view was that conflicts often emerge where there are social inequalities and barriers to people's needs for identity and participation.
[10]
: 14?15
In such situations, communities may resort to violence to protect what they deem as their values or culture.
[10]
: 15
Death
[
edit
]
Burton died in a Canberra hospital on 23 June 2010 after suffering a stroke. He was survived by his third wife, Betty, and three children from the prior marriages. Another daughter predeceased him.
[1]
Legacy
[
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]
In introducing Burton as a guest on
Radio National
,
Phillip Adams
said; "John Burton was probably the most controversial and visionary public servant of the 20th Century. Branded a
pink eminence
of the Labor Party by conservative critics, he was clearly one of the most important intellectuals and policy-makers associated with the Curtin Labor Government of the 1940s. As a close associate of 'Doc' Evatt and head of the department of External Affairs (now Foreign Affairs) he did more to shape Australian foreign policy towards Asia and the Pacific than any other person before or since."
[11]
Burton's theoretical work on conflict resolution has been highly influential in setting up
conflict resolution
as an academic discipline in its own right, which is very much needed in the modern globalised world because of the greater potential for disputes between different ethnic and religious communities. In Australia, Burton's work greatly influenced the pioneering course in conflict resolution at Macquarie University, Sydney.
[12]
Scholarships, fellowships and grants
[
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]
Publications
[
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]
- "The Alternative" (1954)
- "Labour in transition" (1957)
- "International relations: a general theory" (1965)
- "Controlled communication" (1969)
- "World society" (1972)
- "Internationale politiek" (1974)
- "Deviance, terrorism & war: the process of solving unsolved social and political problems" (1979)
- "Resolving deep-rooted conflict: a handbook" (1987)
- "Conflict resolution as a political system" (1988)
- "On the need for conflict prevention" (1989)
- "Conflict: resolution & provention [The Conflict Series vol 1]" (1990)
- "Conflict: human needs theory [The Conflict Series vol 2]" (1993)
- "Conflict: readings in management and resolution [The Conflict Series vol 3]" (1990)
- "Conflict: practices in management, settlement and resolution [The Conflict Series vol 4]" (1990)
- "Conflict resolution: its language and processes" (1996)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
"Burton, John Wear (1915?2010): From Canberra Times"
,
Obituaries Australia
, Australian National University, p. 3, 3 July 2010
, retrieved
24 April
2020
- ^
Thornley, A. W. (1979).
"Burton, John Wear (1875?1970)"
.
Australian Dictionary of Biography
. National Centre of Biography,
Australian National University
.
ISSN
1833-7538
. Retrieved
24 April
2020
.
Hardcopy 1979, Vol.7. Nb. His
fathers
bio
- ^
Register of Past Students 1863?1998
, Sydney: Newington College, 1999, p. 26
- ^
Brown, Malcolm,
"Burton, John Wear (1915?2010): From Sydney Morning Herald"
,
Obituaries Australia
, Australian National University
- ^
Steketee, Mike,
"Burton, John Wear (1915?2010): From Australian"
,
Obituaries Australia
, Australian National University
- ^
CA 18: partment of External Affairs [II], Central Office
, National Archives of Australia
, retrieved
9 December
2013
- ^
"Dr. Burton's New Post"
(digitised)
.
The West Australian
. 13 February 1951. p. 2
. Retrieved
24 March
2020
– via Trove.
- ^
McDonald, Hamish,
"Burton, John Wear (1915?2010)"
,
Obituaries Australia
, Sydney Morning Herald – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
- ^
http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms8405
National Library of Australia
- ^
a
b
c
Meng, Wenting (2024).
Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding
. Ibidem.
Columbia University Press
.
ISBN
9783838219073
.
- ^
Phillip Adams (25 June 2004).
"John Burton"
.
Late Night Live
. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
. Retrieved
24 April
2020
.
- ^
Tillett, Gregory (2006). Resolving conflict: A practical approach. Melbourne; oxford University Press.
ISBN
0195517539
Chapple, Angus (30 April 2011). "AUSTRALIA'S COLD WAR: Australia's Kim Philby? The case of Dr John Burton". News Weekly.
Sources
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International
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National
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People
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Other
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