Queen of Scotland from 1329 to 1362
Joan of the Tower
(5 July 1321 ? 7 September 1362), daughter of
Edward II of England
and
Isabella of France
, was
Queen of Scotland
from 1329 to her death as the first wife of
David II of Scotland
.
Life
[
edit
]
The youngest daughter of
King Edward II of England
and
Isabella of France
, Joan was born in the
Tower of London
on 5 July 1321.
She and her sister,
Eleanor of Woodstock
, were placed under the guardianship of
Ralph de Monthermer
and Lady Isabella de Valence.
In accordance with the
Treaty of Edinburgh?Northampton
, Joan was married on 17 July 1328 to
David
, the son and heir of
Robert the Bruce
, at
Berwick-upon-Tweed
.
She was seven years old and he was four at the time of their marriage.
Their marriage lasted 34 years, but it was childless and apparently loveless.
On 7 June 1329,
Robert I of Scotland
died and David became
king
. He was crowned at
Scone Abbey
in November 1331.
In the spring of 1333, Joan's brother,
Edward III of England
, invaded Scotland.
After his victory at the
Battle of Halidon Hill
near Berwick-upon-Tweed in July 1333, David and Joan were sent for safety to France.
They reached
Boulogne-sur-Mer
in May 1334, where they were received by
Philip VI
, her mother's cousin. Little is known about the life of the Scottish king and queen in France, except that they took up residence at
Chateau Gaillard
and Philip treated them with regard.
Meanwhile, David's representatives had obtained the upper hand in Scotland, and David and Joan were thus able to return in June 1341, when he took the reins of government into his own hands.
David II was taken prisoner at the
Battle of Neville's Cross
in County Durham on 17 October 1346,
and remained imprisoned in England for eleven years. Although Edward III allowed Joan to visit her husband in the Tower of London a few times, she did not become pregnant.
After his release in 1357, she decided to remain in England.
Joan was close to her mother, whom she nursed during her last days.
After years of being estranged from her husband, David II, Joan died in 1362, aged 41, at
Hertford Castle
,
Hertfordshire
.
Ancestry
[
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]
Ancestors of Joan of the Tower
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Notes
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Sources
[
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]
- Ashley, Mike
(1999).
The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens
. London: Robinson Publishers.
ISBN
978-0786706921
.
- Brown, Michael
(2004).
The Wars of Scotland, 1214?1371
. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
ISBN
978-0748612383
.
- Castor, Helen
(2011).
She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth
. London: Faber & Faber.
ISBN
978-0571237067
.
- Maclagan, Michael
; Louda, Ji?i (1999),
Line of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
, London: Little, Brown & Co, p. 17,
ISBN
1-85605-469-1
- Marshall, Rosalind (2003).
Scottish Queens 1034?1714
. East Linton: Tuckwell Press.
ISBN
9781862322714
.
- Mortimer, Ian
(2008).
The Perfect King The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation
. London: Vintage.
ISBN
978-0099527091
.
- Panton, James (2011).
Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy
. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
ISBN
978-0810857797
- Prestwich, Michael (1980).
The Three Edwards: War and State in England, 1272-1377
. Routledge.
- Stevenson, Katie (2014).
Power and Propaganda: Scotland 1306-1488
. Edinburgh University Press.
- Warner, Kathryn (2016).
Isabella of France: The Rebel Queen
. Amberley Publishing.
- Warner, Kathryn (2020).
Philippa of Hainault: Mother of the English Nation
. Amberley Publishing.
ISBN
978-1-4456-6280-0
.
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Royal consorts in England until 1603
| Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603
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Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in
italics
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