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Jaysh al-Ahrar

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Jaysh al-Ahrar
Army of the Free
Arabic : ??? ???????
Leaders
  • Hasim al-Shaykh ("Abu Jaber", founder and commander until Sept. 2017) [1]
  • Khalil Ismail Arslan ("Abu Ismail Gubas", deputy commander)   † [2]
  • Walid al-Mushayil ("Abu Hashim", artillery commander) [3]
Dates of operation 1 December 2016 ? present
Split from Ahrar al-Sham [4]
Group(s)
  • Liwa al-Tamkeen [5]
  • Liwa Ahrar al-Jabal al-Wastani [5]
  • Martyr Ali Mutlaq Battalion [6]
  • al-Naasan Bloc [7]
Active regions Northwestern Syria
Ideology Sunni Islamism
Size 1,500?2,000 ( Jan. 2017 ) [8]
Part of Tahrir al-Sham (Jan.?Sep. 2017) [9]

National Front for Liberation ( since Aug. 2018 ) [3]

Defeat the Invaders Operations Room ( Feb.?May 2018 ) [10]
Allies Tahrir al-Sham Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
Ahrar al-Sham
Sham Legion
Free Syrian Army [10]
Opponents   Syria
  Iran
  Russia
Hezbollah
Battles and wars Syrian Civil War
Website https://twitter.com/jishalahrar

Jaysh al-Ahrar ( Arabic : ??? ??????? , lit.   'Army of the Free'), is an armed Salafi Islamist rebel group in northwestern Syria that originated as a clique composed of 16 units in Ahrar al-Sham that opposed involvement in Operation Euphrates Shield , after a fatwa was released by religious clerics in Jabhat Fatah al-Sham , which led to the group's separation from Ahrar al-Sham. [4]

Most members of the group joined Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in January 2017. The founding leader of Jaysh al-Ahrar, Hashim al-Shaykh ("Abu Jaber") was appointed as the head of HTS. Jaysh al-Ahrar left HTS in September 2017, and have since then closely cooperated with both HTS and Ahrar al-Sham, as well as other rebel groups in the area. [13]

History [ edit ]

Formation and HTS [ edit ]

On 20 September 2016, Ahrar al-Sham's shura council authorized its fighters to cooperate with the Turkish Armed Forces and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army and participate in Operation Euphrates Shield against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the Syrian Democratic Forces , while the Battle of Aleppo was still active. This led to a split between Ahrar al-Sham's majority pro-Turkey, nationalist and pragmatic faction on one side and its minority Salafi jihadist faction, who favoured a merger with Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, the former Syrian branch of al-Qaeda , on the other. [4] Members of the pragmatic faction opposed such merger in fears of losing support from foreign backers , mainly Turkey . [14]

On 1 December, 16 units from the hardliner faction grouped together under the name of Jaysh al-Ahrar, led by Abu Jaber. Soon after its formation, Jaysh al-Ahrar destroyed Liwa Ahfad al-Sahaba in the Kafr Halab area after the latter killed one of the former's fighters. [5]

On 22 January 2017, amid heavy infighting between Ahrar al-Sham and JFS, Abu Jaber announced the temporary dissolution of Jaysh al-Ahrar, while continuing to push for a merger with JFS. [5] This merger was achieved when JFS, member groups of Jaysh al-Ahrar and other Ahrar al-Sham defectors, Jabhat Ansar al-Din , Liwa al-Haqq , Jaysh al-Sunna , and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement formed Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) on 28 January. Abu Jaber was named HTS's general commander. [14]

In September 2017, a number of Jaysh al-Ahrar members left HTS due to disagreements with HTS after a leak in which Abu Muhammad al-Julani and HTS Idlib commander Abu Hamza Binnish discussed using foreign Salafi jihadist clerics such as Abdullah al-Muhaysini as tools. While Abu Maria al-Qahtani encouraged Abu Muhammad al-Julani to eliminate other rebel groups and to develop a relationship with Iran . The split came after Muhaysini as well as another cleric officially resigned from HTS. However Jaysh al-Ahrar and HTS both agreed to maintain good terms and continue to cooperate. [15]

Abu Jaber remained with HTS. On 1 October, he resigned as HTS's general commander, being replaced by Abu Muhammad al-Julani, who was considered to be HTS's top commander all along. Abu Jaber was then appointed as the head of HTS's shura council. [16]

Post-HTS [ edit ]

Jaysh al-Ahrar fought alongside other rebel groups, including HTS, Ahrar al-Sham, Free Idlib Army , Army of Victory , Army of Glory , Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, and Jund al-Malahim [12] against the Syrian Army 's Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017?February 2018) , which resulted in a rebel defeat.

In February 2018, during fighting between Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and the Syrian Liberation Front , a coalition of Ahrar al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement , Jaysh al-Ahrar released a statement urging the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria to not get involved in the fighting on the side of HTS, and for HTS' leader Abu Mohammad al-Julani to submit to the authority of a Sharia court in order to mediate the conflict. [17]

On 18 June 2018, unidentified gunmen assassinated Jaysh al-Ahrar deputy commander Khalil Ismail Arslan ("Abu Ismail Gubas") and his son in a village near Saraqib . [2]

On 1 August 2018, the group, along with the Ahrar al-Sham-led Syrian Liberation Front, Suqour al-Sham Brigades , and the Damascus Gathering joined the National Front for Liberation . Walid al-Mushayil ("Abu Hashim"), artillery commander of Jaysh al-Ahrar, was appointed the NFL's second deputy commander. [3]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ "16 formations of Ahrar al-Sham unite under "Jaysh al-Ahrar" " . Orient News . 21 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Number-Two man assassinated of "Jaish Al Ahrar" by unknown gunmen" . Syria Call . 18 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020 . Retrieved 8 August 2018 .
  3. ^ a b c "Meet the leading leaders of the "National Liberation Front" " . Enab Baladi . 1 August 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d Haid Haid (21 December 2016). "Why Ahrar al-Sham is fighting itself - and how this impacts the battle for Syria" . Middle East Eye .
  5. ^ a b c d Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (7 January 2017). "Syrian Rebel Mergers: A Harakat Nour Al-Din Al-Zinki Perspective" .
  6. ^ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DW0_6NjW0AAmymC.jpg [ bare URL image file ]
  7. ^ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DW_NU9JWsAE-sc1.jpg [ bare URL image file ]
  8. ^ "Jaish al-Ahrar: A New Crisis Threatens to Split Ahrar al-Sham" . Syrian Observer . 5 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Jaish al-Ahrar leaves Tahrir al-Sham alliance: statement" . Zaman al-Wasl . 14 September 2017.
  10. ^ a b "New FSA Operations Room To Repel Regime Attacks In Northern Syria" . Revolutionary Forces of Syria Media Office . 4 February 2018.
  11. ^ Jo?ko Bari?. "Syrian War Daily ? 20th of December 2017" . Archived from the original on 2017-12-22 . Retrieved 2018-08-08 .
  12. ^ a b "Idlib Rebel Groups Unite Under New Joint Operations Room" . Enab Baladi . 6 January 2018.
  13. ^ "Tahrir Al-Sham Shrinks to its First Core" . Enab Baladi . 17 September 2017.
  14. ^ a b Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (February 2017). "The Formation of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and Wider Tensions in the Syrian Insurgency" . Combating Terrorism Center .
  15. ^ "Successive defects of Hayyaat Tahrir Al-Sham in Idlib by leaders and Sharia members" . Syrian Observatory for Human Rights . 14 September 2017.
  16. ^ "Gulani returns to lead his military formation again" . Enab Baladi . 2 October 2017.
  17. ^ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DWqtG-DW0AAhjuT?format=jpg&name=900x900 [ bare URL image file ]
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