From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Janismo
is a political behavior and ideology often attributed to
Janio Quadros
,
[1]
the 22nd
President of Brazil
.
Background
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During the term of former president
Juscelino Kubitschek
, the Brazilian government adopted a policy of
developmentalism
. It constructed the city of
Brasilia
under the promise of development in national industry within 5 years.
[2]
Main tenets
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Janismo is defined by the electoral campaign promises and government actions under Janio Quadros' presidency. The main goal of the ideology is to combat corruption.
[3]
It is characterized as
right-wing populism
making opposition to
Getulismo
and
Peronism
. The difference between Janismo and Vargas' Getulismo was in the way their policies targeted the lower class. While Vargas appealed to the working class for his promises of better living conditions,
[4]
Janio appealed to the same class using promises of bringing corrupt government officials to justice.
Other characteristics of Janismo include:
- Anti-communism
and
right-wing populism
- Non-alignment: Janio refused to follow the viewpoints of his political coalition; he kept relations with
Eastern-Bloc
countries despite his party's
conservative
ideology. He also appointed ministers that were rivals of his political base in the
Brazilian Congress
.
- Anti-parliamentarian: After Janio lost the support of the Brazilian Congress, he wrote a letter to the public declaring that the parliament was dominated by political elites who were trying to boycott his government.
[5]
Janio hoped to govern above the will of the legislative branch through gaining popular support.
- Anti-corruption: Janio spread anti-corruption propaganda throughout his election campaign.
- Anti-Getulism: Janismo appealed to the labor class differently.
- Non-partisan politics:
[6]
Janio never compromised with any party, but "only with the masses", who he wanted to have trust in his leadership. According to historians Lilia Schwarcz and Heloisa Starling, Janio made it clear that he was above all parties and traditional politicians.
[7]
- Janio appealed to the public as a new kind of politician who opposed mainstream politics.
[8]
Jan?Jan Movement
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During the
1960 Brazilian presidential election
, dissatisfied with the candidacy of
Henrique Teixeira Lott
(supported by the
Brazilian Labour Party
),
syndicalists
supported Janio Quadros's candidacy for president, and that of
Joao "Jango" Goulart
, his rival, for vice-president.
[9]
This non-formal coalition was named the "Jan?Jan Movement." For the first time in decades, a vice-president who ran in opposition was elected (Goulart was an ally of Janio's main rival Kubitschek). Despite the disagreement between the leaders, Janio was the favorite candidate of the working class.
In modern days
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Some modern right-wing politicians like
Levy Fidelix
and
Fernando Chiarelli
have made attacking the corruption of the Brazilian state in the Janismo fashion the main tenet of their campaign platforms.
[10]
[11]
Some parties that generally follow the principles of Janismo are:
References
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