Attorney General of the United States from 1993 to 2001
Janet Wood Reno
(July 21, 1938 ? November 7, 2016) was an American lawyer and public official who served as the first female and 78th
United States attorney general
. Reno, a member of the
Democratic Party
, held the position from 1993 to 2001, making her the second-longest serving attorney general, behind only
William Wirt
.
Reno was born and raised in Miami, Florida. After leaving to attend
Cornell University
and
Harvard Law School
, she returned to Miami where she started her career at private law firms. Her first foray into government was as a staff member for the Judiciary Committee of the
Florida House of Representatives
. She then worked for the Dade County State Attorney's Office before returning to private practice. She was elected to the Office of State Attorney five times and was the first woman to serve as a state attorney in Florida. President
Bill Clinton
appointed her attorney general in 1993, a position she held until Clinton left office in 2001.
Early life and education
Reno was born in
Miami
, Florida. Reno's mother, Jane Wallace (nee Wood), wrote a weekly home improvement column for
The Miami News
under a male pseudonym and later became an investigative reporter for the paper.
[1]
[2]
Janet's father, Henry Olaf Reno (ne Rasmussen),
[a]
was an emigrant from Denmark and a reporter for the
Miami Herald
for 43 years.
[1]
Janet Reno had three younger siblings: Mark; writer
Robert Reno
; and
Maggy Hurchalla
.
[4]
In 1943, the Reno family moved to a house in then-rural
South Miami
; it came with enough land to keep farm animals, including cows, chicken, ducks, goats, and turkeys.
[3]
: 18
Reno helped her parents churn butter, which the family sold to make ends meet.
[3]
: 18
As the family expanded, they outgrew the house and couldn't afford a larger one.
[3]
Jane Reno decided to build a new home herself near the
Everglades
, learning masonry, electrical work, and plumbing for the task.
[3]
The Reno family moved to the house Jane built when Janet was 8 years old.
[4]
The house would be Reno's lifelong home and a source of inspiration; she later said, "the house is a symbol to me that you can do anything you really want if it's the right thing to do and you put your mind to it."
[3]
The Renos' lot for the house originally was 21 acres, some of which they later sold to pay for the children's education.
[2]
Reno attended public school in
Miami-Dade County, Florida
.
[2]
[5]
After she completed middle school in 1951, Reno's parents sent her to stay with her uncle who served as a U.S. military judge in
Regensburg, Germany
.
[3]
: 29?30
There, Janet continued her education and traveled around Europe during breaks from school.
[3]
: 29?30
After a year, Reno returned to Florida where she was a debating champion and
salutatorian
at
Coral Gables Senior High School
.
[2]
[5]
In 1956 she enrolled at
Cornell University
, where she majored in chemistry, became president of the Women's Self-Government Association, and earned her room and board.
[5]
After graduating from Cornell, Reno enrolled at
Harvard Law School
, one of 16 women in a class of 500 students.
[6]
She graduated from Harvard in 1963.
[7]
Early career
From 1963 to 1971, Reno worked as an attorney for two Miami
law firms
. In 1971, she joined the staff of the Judiciary Committee of the
Florida House of Representatives
.
[8]
The following year, Reno unsuccessfully ran for a seat in Florida's state house.
[9]
In 1973, she worked on a project to revise the state's system of rules and regulations for criminal procedures.
[8]
Later in the same year, she accepted a position with the Dade County State Attorney's Office led by Richard Gerstein.
[9]
[10]
Shortly after joining the office, Gerstein made Reno his chief assistant.
[9]
Reno did not try any cases during her time working for Gerstein.
[9]
She worked for the Judiciary Circuit, and left the state attorney's office in 1976 to become a partner in a private law firm, Steel, Hector & Davis.
[9]
[10]
Gerstein decided to retire in 1977, creating a vacancy with Florida governor
Reubin Askew
to appoint a successor.
[9]
Reno was one of two candidates Gerstein recommended to replace him.
[9]
State Attorney
In January 1978, Governor Askew appointed Reno the
State Attorney
for Dade County (now called Miami-Dade County).
[9]
She was the first woman to serve as a state attorney in Florida.
[9]
She was elected to the Office of State Attorney in November 1978 and was returned to office by the voters four more times. Reno ran as a liberal, pro-choice Democrat even though Miami-Dade was a conservative county.
[11]
Reno did not always face serious challengers, although in 1984
Cuban-American
lawyer Jose Garcia-Pedrosa ran against Reno, and picked up the endorsement of the
Miami Herald
editorial board.
[9]
In spite of his support among Miami's Hispanic voters, Reno won the election decisively.
[9]
The office she led included 95 attorneys and an annual caseload that included 15,000 felonies and 40,000 misdemeanors.
[9]
As state attorney, she developed a reputation for ethical behavior, going so far as to purchase a car at sticker price to avoid the appearance of impropriety.
[11]
Drug court
She established a
drug court
which was later replicated in other parts of the country.
[12]
She worked actively in various civic organizations, including the Miami Coalition for a Safe and Drug Free Community and the Beacon Council, which was formed to address Miami-Dade's economic development.
[13]
McDuffie trial
In May 1980, Reno prosecuted five white policemen who were accused of beating a black insurance salesman, Arthur McDuffie, to death.
[14]
[15]
The policemen were all acquitted.
[14]
During the resulting
1980 Miami riots
, eighteen people were killed, with looters in
Liberty City
angrily chanting "Reno! Reno! Reno!"
[14]
Reno met with nearly all of her critics, and a few months later, she won reelection in a landslide.
[14]
Child abuse prosecutions
During Reno's tenure as state attorney, she began what the
PBS
series
Frontline
described as a "crusade" against accused
child abusers
.
[16]
Reno pioneered the "Miami Method",
[17]
"a controversial technique for eliciting intimate details from young children and inspired passage of a law allowing them to testify by closed-circuit television, out of the possibly intimidating presence of their suspected molesters."
[18]
Bobby Fijnje
, "a 14-year-old boy, was acquitted after his attorneys discredited the children's persistent interrogations by a
psychologist
who called herself the 'yucky secrets doctor'."
[18]
[19]
Grant Snowden
was acquitted, retried, convicted,
[20]
and eventually freed by a federal appeals court after 12 years in prison."
[21]
[22]
Reno's "model case" was against
Frank Fuster
, co-owner of the Country Walk Babysitting Service in a suburb of Miami, Florida.
[23]
In 1984, he was found guilty of 14 counts of abuse
[24]
and sentenced to prison with a minimum of 165 years.
[25]
Fuster was convicted based in large part on the testimony of his 18-year-old wife, Ileana Flores, who pleaded guilty and testified against him,
[18]
[26]
after allegedly being tortured.
[27]
In a 2002 episode of
Frontline
, Flores maintained that she and her ex-husband were innocent,
[28]
and that Reno personally pressured her to confess.
[29]
The number and timing of Reno's visits are in dispute.
[25]
[30]
As of 2020,
[update]
Fuster remains imprisoned.
[27]
In 1989, as Florida state attorney, Reno pressed adult charges against 13-year-old
Bobby Fijnje
, who was accused of sexually molesting 21 children in his care during church services. The charges were driven by the testimony of children interviewed by mental-health professionals using techniques later discredited.
[31]
[32]
Fijnje refused plea-bargain offers.
[33]
[34]
During the trial, the prosecution was unable to present any witnesses to the alleged abuse. After two years of investigation and trial, Fijnje was acquitted of all charges.
[35]
[36]
When Reno was nominated for attorney general in the
Clinton administration
,
the Nation
[26]
and
Miami New Times
[25]
[33]
raised questions about her handling of these cases,
Debbie Nathan
's journal article
[30]
was faxed to the White House, and Fijnje's father (a Dutch diplomat) "sent a letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee".
[34]
[37]
However, Reno was not directly questioned about them.
[20]
[38]
When she was asked in 2002, Reno said that she lacked the time to review the
Country Walk case
files.
[16]
[28]
Death penalty
Although Reno personally opposed the death penalty, her office secured 80 capital punishment convictions during her tenure.
[39]
None of these were executed during her tenure, but five were later executed.
[40]
U.S. Attorney General
President-elect
Bill Clinton
had vowed to assemble an administration that "looked like America", and it was widely assumed that one of the major cabinet posts would go to a woman.
[41]
[42]
On February 11, 1993, Clinton introduced Reno as his nominee for
United States Attorney General
, stating that he wanted to hire a woman for the job but had also considered multiple male candidates.
[39]
Both of his previous choices,
Zoe Baird
and
Kimba Wood
, faced problems because
both had employed undocumented immigrants as nannies
.
[7]
Clinton said he had discounted Reno early in his search because she did not have experience in the
Justice Department
or
federal law
, but ultimately he came to understand that she had experience with a variety of criminal law issues from her role as State Attorney.
[39]
[43]
On March 11, 1993, the
Senate
confirmed Reno by a vote of 98 to 0.
[44]
[45]
She was sworn in the next day, becoming the first woman to serve as U.S. Attorney General.
[41]
[46]
As Attorney General, Reno oversaw the Justice Department and its 95,000 employees.
[47]
Reno remained Attorney General for the rest of Clinton's presidency, making her the longest-serving Attorney General since
William Wirt
in 1829.
[7]
In 1994, Reno tasked the Justice Department with compiling a report on DNA exoneration. The science was still new at that point in time. Reno commissioned the report after reading about the exoneration of a death row inmate. She wanted to know how many cases existed like the one she read about and what the Department of Justice could learn from it. The resulting report concluded there was a strong possibility that many more wrongful convictions that could be cleared with DNA evidence existed. Reno changed policies on how to interview eyewitnesses and laboratory protocols in response.
[45]
The following
Department of Justice
actions occurred during Reno's tenure:
- The 51-day
Waco siege
standoff and resulting 76 deaths?the
Branch Davidians
?in
Waco, Texas
. (The standoff began on February 28, 1993, twelve days before Reno was installed as attorney general). Reno stated in congressional testimony that she authorized the FBI assault on the Branch Davidians because of reports that militia groups were en route to Waco during the standoff "either to help [Branch Davidian leader David] Koresh or to attack him."
[48]
The FBI had also, erroneously, reported to Reno that children were being abused at the compound.
[49]
Reno publicly expressed her regret of the decision to storm the compound, and accepted full responsibility for the loss of life.
[50]
- The antitrust division brought
suit
against the software company
Microsoft
for violation of the
Sherman Antitrust Act
.
[51]
[52]
The Justice Department alleged that Microsoft was bundling its browser with its operating system to decrease competition for other browser makers.
[52]
Microsoft executive
Steve Ballmer
responded to the suit saying "To Heck with Janet Reno", a comment for which he later expressed regret.
[53]
[54]
The case was ultimately settled in 2001, after Reno's departure.
[55]
- Declining to question anyone in the
Wenatchee child abuse prosecutions
,
[21]
with Reno concluding there was no "evidence of prosecutable violations of federal civil rights law".
[19]
- Prosecution resulting in the conviction of 21 of the
Montana Freemen
, a group that did not believe there should be government above the county level, after an 81-day armed standoff which ended without loss of life.
[56]
[57]
In March 1996, Montana Freemen began a 61-day standoff with the FBI after the FBI arrested three members of the group for refusing to leave property from which they had been evicted.
[57]
Following the tragedy at Waco, the FBI was determined to avoid violence, and Reno assured the public that the FBI was looking for a peaceful solution to the standoff.
[57]
- Capture and conviction of
Ted Kaczynski
, the Unabomber.
[58]
[59]
- Capture and conviction of
Timothy McVeigh
and
Terry Nichols
for the
Oklahoma City bombing
.
[58]
[59]
- Capture and conviction of those who conducted the
1993 World Trade Center bombing
, resulting in life-sentences of Sheik
Omar Abdel-Rahman
and four conspirators.
[59]
- Leak to the news media regarding
Richard Jewell
that led to the widespread and incorrect presumption of his guilt in the
Centennial Olympic Park bombing
. She later apologized, saying "I'm very sorry it happened. I think we owe him an apology. I regret the leak."
[60]
- The government's unsuccessful defense of the
Communications Decency Act
, which culminated in the Supreme Court decision
Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union
.
- Identification of the correct suspect (
Eric Rudolph
) in the
Centennial Olympic Park bombing
and other bombings, who remained a fugitive throughout her tenure.
[61]
Rudolph was apprehended in 2003 and pleaded guilty to the attacks.
- Capture and conviction of
Mir Qazi
for the
1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters
.
[62]
- The armed seizure of six-year-old
Elian Gonzalez
and his return to his father, who eventually took him home to Cuba; Elian's mother and stepfather had died in a dangerous trip by sea, and though his U.S. relatives had lost custody to his father in court, local officials did not enforce the ruling. Reno made the decision to remove Elian Gonzalez from the house of a relative.
[8]
Clinton administration investigations
In 1994, Reno appointed
Robert Fiske
special counsel to investigate Bill Clinton's involvement in
Whitewater
, a controversy stemming from Clinton's business dealings during his time as Governor of
Arkansas
.
[63]
[64]
Fiske wrapped up his criminal investigation within six months, and found no link between Whitewater and the
suicide
of former
Deputy White House Counsel
Vince Foster
.
[64]
[65]
Congress reauthorized the investigation and in August 1994, a panel of judges from the U.S. Court of Appeals overseeing the special counsel refused to reappoint Fiske.
[64]
[65]
The panel considered it a conflict of interest for Fiske to investigate Clinton because Reno, a member of the Clinton Administration, appointed Fiske. Instead, the panel appointed former member of the Reagan and Bush Administrations
Ken Starr
to continue the Whitewater investigation.
[64]
Starr concluded the Whitewater investigation in December 1997 due to insufficient evidence.
[65]
The following month, Starr received permission from Reno to redirect his probe into conduct related to the
Paula Jones
and
Monica Lewinsky
affairs.
[66]
[67]
Starr's Report
, issued in September 1998, listed eleven grounds for impeachment against Clinton.
In 1998, the
House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
, in a party line vote, voted to recommend the House cite Reno for
contempt of Congress
for not turning over two internal Justice Department memos related to a campaign finance controversy during the impeachment of
President
Bill Clinton
.
[68]
[69]
Reno contended she refused to turn over the documents sought because the documents would reveal prosecutor strategy in an ongoing investigation.
[69]
Reno argued that her actions were in defense of the principle that prosecutors should be free of political influence.
[69]
The full House of Representatives never voted on the resolution and the documents were turned over to the House.
[70]
Later career
Reno ran for
Governor of Florida in 2002
, but lost in the Democratic primary to
Bill McBride
44% to 44.4%. Voting problems arose in the election, and she did not concede defeat until a week later.
[71]
After her tenure as United States Attorney General and her unsuccessful gubernatorial bid, Reno toured the country giving speeches on topics relating to the criminal justice system. On March 31, 2006, she spoke at a
criminology
conference at the
University of Pennsylvania
. She stated that she believed the
education system in the United States
needs to be improved, as there is a link between the quality of education and the crime rate. She also believed that too much money has been diverted away from the
juvenile court
system and that the government should find some way to make the juvenile courts work effectively, so as to prevent problems in troubled children and adolescents before these problems are exacerbated by the time they reach adulthood.
[72]
[73]
Reno was a founding member of the board of directors for the
Innocence Project
, a nonprofit organization which assists prisoners who may be exonerated through DNA testing, in 2004.
[74]
[75]
By 2013 she was director
emeritus
of the board of directors.
[76]
Personal life
Reno never married and did not have children.
[77]
She took
Spanish
lessons during her time as state attorney.
[9]
She remained active after her diagnosis of
Parkinson's disease
in 1995; she learned
inline skating
in 1996.
[78]
After her mother's death in 1992, Reno inherited her childhood home.
[2]
In response to a 1998
Saturday Night Live
sketch, which portrayed her as lonely, former Justice Department public affairs director Carl Stern said, "Both in Florida and in Washington she has a great many friends whose homes she visits, and she goes to plays, her dance card is full."
[79]
Death
Reno died from Parkinson's disease on November 7, 2016. She was surrounded by friends and family at the end of her life, including her sister Maggy and her goddaughter.
[6]
Upon her death, President
Barack Obama
praised Reno for her "intellect, integrity, and fierce commitment to justice"
[80]
and President Clinton released a statement thanking Reno "for her service, counsel, and friendship".
[81]
Awards and honors
Glamour
magazine named Reno one of its "Women of the Year" for 1993.
[82]
In 2000, Reno was inducted into the
National Women's Hall of Fame
.
[83]
In March 2008, Reno received the Council on Litigation Management's
[84]
Professionalism Award, which recognizes and commemorates an individual who has demonstrated the unique ability to lead others by example in the highest standard of their profession.
On April 17, 2009, Reno was awarded the Justice Award by the
American Judicature Society
.
[85]
Eric Holder
, Attorney General in the
Obama Administration
, presented the award to Reno. Seth Andersen, Executive Vice President of AJS said the award recognizes "her commitment to improving our systems of justice and educating Americans about our great common enterprise ? to ensure equality under the law".
[86]
The award is the highest given by the AJS, and recognizes significant contributions toward improvements in the administration of justice within the United States.
In popular culture
Reno had a higher profile than many of her immediate predecessors.
[87]
She appeared on the cover of
Time
and was the subject of a
Vanity Fair
profile.
[82]
Late night hosts frequently joked about her height and perceived lack of traditional femininity, and
Will Ferrell
repeatedly portrayed Reno on
Saturday Night Live
.
[82]
[87]
In 2001, Reno appeared alongside Ferrell on
Saturday Night Live
in the final installment of the recurring sketch "
Janet Reno's Dance Party
".
[88]
In a 2007
Super Bowl XLI
TV commercial, Reno was among the guests at
Chad Ochocinco
's
Super Bowl
party.
[89]
[77]
Reno curated a compilation of old-time American songs performed by contemporary artists, titled
Song of America
.
[90]
Reno worked with music producer Ed Pettersen (her niece's husband) on the project. Reno said her goal with the project was to share music with her great-nieces and great-nephews.
[91]
In 2013, Reno
voiced
herself for the "
Dark Knight Court
" episode of
The Simpsons
.
[92]
She was depicted by
Jane Lynch
in
Manhunt: Unabomber
, a fictionalized account of the true story of the
FBI
's hunt for the
Unabomber
.
Anquette
, an R&B girl group from Miami, dedicated a song to her on their 1988 album
Respect
.
[93]
See also
Explanatory notes
- ^
Henry's father decided to change the family's Scandinavian name to avoid prejudice and settled on "Reno" after looking at a map of the United States.
[3]
: 13
Citations
- ^
a
b
"Janet Reno: From Waco to Elian"
.
BBC News
. April 14, 2000.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Driscoll, Amy (November 7, 2018).
"Janet Reno's early years in Miami: Peacocks, bare feet, stubborn independence"
.
miami herald
. Retrieved
September 2,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Anderson, Paul (1994).
Janet Reno: Doing the Right Thing
. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp.
12
.
ISBN
0-471-01858-9
.
- ^
a
b
Hulse, Carl (November 7, 2016).
"Janet Reno, First Woman to Serve as U.S. Attorney General, Dies at 78"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
.
Archived
from the original on January 3, 2022
. Retrieved
November 8,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
Hightower-Langston, Donna (2014).
A to Z of American Women Leaders and Activists
. Infobase Publishing. p. 183.
ISBN
9781438107929
.
- ^
a
b
Anderson, Curt (November 7, 2016).
"Janet Reno, Former US Attorney General, Dies at Age 78"
.
ABC News
. Archived from
the original
on November 10, 2016
. Retrieved
November 8,
2016
– via archive.org.
- ^
a
b
c
"Former US attorney general Janet Reno dies at 78"
. Fox News Channel. November 7, 2016
. Retrieved
November 7,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Janet Reno Biography ? life, family, children, school, mother, young, old, information, born, house"
. notablebiographies.com
. Retrieved
November 7,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
Weaver, Jay (November 7, 2016).
"How Janet Reno handled and bounced back from the biggest cases in her life"
.
miamiherald
. Retrieved
December 10,
2017
.
- ^
a
b
"After Rocky Start, Reno is Rock Solid".
Miami Herald
.
- ^
a
b
Zorthian, Julia.
"How Janet Reno Got Her Start"
.
Time
. Retrieved
October 20,
2017
.
- ^
Driscoll, Amy; Weaver, Jay; Brecher, Elinor J. (November 7, 2016).
"Janet Reno, former Miami-Dade state attorney and U.S. attorney general, dies at 78"
.
miamiherald
. Retrieved
October 20,
2017
.
- ^
Labbee, William (November 20, 1991).
"Better Dead Than Read?"
.
Miami New Times
. Retrieved
June 10,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Mayer, Jane
(December 1, 1997).
"Janet Reno, Alone"
.
The New Yorker
. Retrieved
June 28,
2016
.
- ^
Smiley, David (May 16, 2015).
"McDuffie riots: revisiting, retelling story ? 35 years later"
.
miamiherald
. Retrieved
December 10,
2017
.
- ^
a
b
Frontline episode "Did Daddy Do It"
.
PBS
. April 25, 2002.
Archived
from the original on December 11, 2021.
Transcript
.
- ^
"The Miami Method of Prosecuting Child Abuse Cases | Did Daddy do It | FRONTLINE | PBS"
. PBS.
- ^
a
b
c
"Editorial: Reno owes the public answers"
.
St. Petersburg Times
. April 28, 2002. Archived from
the original
on July 31, 2012.
- ^
a
b
"Justice's watchdogs looked the other way: An angry reaction"
.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
. February 27, 1998. Archived from
the original
on February 6, 2004.
- ^
a
b
Rosenthal, Robert (1996).
"Janet Reno's Child Abuse"
.
Penthouse
. Archived from
the original
on December 21, 1996.
- ^
a
b
Rabinowitz, Dorothy
(October 28, 1996).
"The Pursuit of Justice in Dade County"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. Archived from
the original
on August 3, 2003.
- ^
"Reno Overturned"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. February 20, 1998. Archived from
the original
on April 28, 2003 – via www.wsj.com.
- ^
"Unspeakable Acts by Jan Hollingsworth (Congdon & Weed: $17.95; 581 pp.)"
.
Los Angeles Times
. November 23, 1986.
- ^
Collins, Glen (December 14, 1986).
"Nightmare in Country Walk"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
July 1,
2008
.
- ^
a
b
c
Nathan, Debbie
(March 3, 1993).
"The public was shocked. Country Walk parents demanded action. An election was near. Janet Reno was going to send someone to jail. No matter what"
.
Miami New Times
.
- ^
a
b
Cockburn, Alexander
(March 8, 1993).
"Janet Reno's Coerced Confession"
(PDF)
.
The Nation
. pp. 296?297.
Archived
from the original on May 13, 2008.
Alt URL
- ^
a
b
"The Road to Waco"
.
National Review
. October 4, 2018.
- ^
a
b
"Frontline' airs allegations against Reno"
.
Tampa Bay Times
.
- ^
"Interviews ? Ileana Flores | Did Daddy Do It | FRONTLINE | PBS"
.
www.pbs.org
.
- ^
a
b
Nathan, Debbie
(1993).
"Revisiting Country Walk"
.
IPT Journal
.
- ^
"Interviews ? Dr. Stephen Ceci | The Child Terror"
.
Frontline
. PBS
. Retrieved
January 29,
2015
.
- ^
"Book Review ? 'Witch Hunt: A True Story of Social Hysteria and Abused Justice'
"
.
IPT Journal
. April 15, 2014
. Retrieved
January 29,
2015
.
- ^
a
b
Almond, Steven (March 3, 1993).
"Reno Reconsidered (Part B)"
.
Miami New Times
.
- ^
a
b
B. Fijnje (1993).
"Open Letter to the American People"
. Archived from
the original
on October 4, 2003.
- ^
"Bobby Fijnje ? Interview | The Child Terror"
.
Frontline
. PBS. May 5, 1991
. Retrieved
January 29,
2015
.
- ^
"Bobby Fijnje ? Fijnje Jury's Letter To Janet Reno | The Child Terror"
.
Frontline
. PBS. May 9, 1991
. Retrieved
January 29,
2015
.
- ^
Underwager, Ralph
; Wakefield, Hollida (1994).
"Untying the Gordian Knot: A Return to Reason"
.
IPT Journal
.
6
(4).
- ^
"Confirmation Chronicles"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. January 19, 2001. Archived from
the original
on July 24, 2003.
- ^
a
b
c
Lauter, David (February 12, 1993).
"Miami Prosecutor Is Atty. Gen. Choice : Cabinet: Janet Reno has a reputation as a politically savvy official. The White House hopes her nomination will end the controversy over previous contenders"
.
Los Angeles Times
.
ISSN
0458-3035
. Retrieved
August 27,
2018
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General and cited references
- Attribution
Further reading
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