Russian and Soviet artist, sculptor
Ivan Shadr
(
Russian
:
Иван Шадр
), pseudonym of
Ivan Dmitriyevich Ivanov
(
Russian
:
Ива?н Дми?триевич Ивано?в
; 11 February [
O.S.
30 January] 1887 — 3 April 1941) was a
Russian
/
Soviet
sculptor
and medalist who took his pseudonym after his hometown of
Shadrinsk
.
Biography
[
edit
]
Ivan Ivanov was born on 11 February [
O.S.
30 January] 1887, in
Taktashi
[
ru
]
,
Chelyabinsky Uyezd
,
Orenburg Governorate
,
Russian Empire
(now
Taktashi
[
ru
]
,
Mishkinsky District
,
Kurgan Oblast
,
Russian Federation
). His father, Dmitry Yevgrafovich Ivanov (1862-1926), was a carpenter. He worked temporarily in Taktashi.
Shadr studied at the Artistic Industrial School in
Yekaterinburg
from 1903 to 1907, and from 1907 to 1908 at the Drawing School of the
Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts
in
St Petersburg
where the famous
Nicholas Roerich
was his teacher. He furthered his education under
Auguste Rodin
and
Emile-Antoine Bourdelle
in
Paris
(1910?1911), and in
Rome
(1911?1912).
From 1914 to 1917, he worked for the film industrialist
Aleksandr Khanzhonkov
. In 1918, he went to
Omsk
to take his family to Moscow, but remained in this city until 1921. He gave lectures on art there.
Shadr's early works, such as the project for the
Monument to the World's Suffering
(1916), were designed according to the principles of
Art Nouveau
. After the
1917 Revolution
he was an active participant in the execution of the
Monumental Propaganda Plan
, in particular, he sculptured reliefs depicting the Socialist ideological leaders
Karl Marx
,
Karl Liebknecht
, and
Rosa Luxemburg
, as well as some sixteen separate monuments to
Vladimir Lenin
.
In these years the characteristics of Shadr’s style were consolidated: an elevated,
romantic
organization of the figures and an emotional, dynamic composition. Among his most famous and characteristic works are sculptures
The Cobblestone Is the Weapon of the Proletariat
(1927) and
Girl with an Oar
(1936).
In the 1920s, Shadr together with sculptor
Piotr Tayozhny
came up with one of the first
designs
of the
Order of Lenin
, the highest
Soviet award
. Shadr also worked for
Goznak
, including on designing new Soviet
money
that included the symbols of that time: a worker, a peasant and a
Red Army
soldier. Those sculptures remarkable for their vigorous and dynamic typical characters can be seen nowadays in the
Russian Museum
(plaster casts) and in the
Tretyakov Gallery
(bronze sculptures).
Shadr died in Moscow and in 1952 was awarded the
Stalin Prize
posthumously. He is buried in
Novodevichy Cemetery
in Moscow, where his sculptural work can also been seen at the grave of
Nadezhda Alliluyeva
, the second wife of Stalin, and the grave of theater director
Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko
.
Selected work
[
edit
]
Honours and awards
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Ivan Shadr
.
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