Isotopes of vanadium

Isotopes of vanadium ( ₂₃V)
Standard atomic weight A r °(V)
	50.9415 ± 0.0001 ; 50.942 ± 0.001 ( abridged ) ;
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Naturally occurring vanadium ( ₂₃V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 2.71×10 ¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture . The next most common mode is beta decay . The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 ( titanium ) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 ( chromium ) isotopes.

List of isotopes [ edit ]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass ( Da ) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)		Note
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy ^{[n 5]}			Half-life ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion	Range of variation	Note
⁴⁰V	23	17	40.01109(54)#		p	³⁹Ti	2?#
⁴¹V	23	18	40.99978(22)#		p	⁴⁰Ti	7/2?#
⁴²V	23	19	41.99123(21)#	<55 ns	p	⁴¹Ti	2?#
⁴³V	23	20	42.98065(25)#	80# ms	β ⁺	⁴³Ti	7/2?#
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β ⁺ (>99.9%)	⁴⁴Ti	(2+)
⁴⁴V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β ⁺, α (<.1%)	⁴⁰Ca	(2+)
^44mV	270(100)# keV			150(3) ms	β ⁺	⁴⁴Ti	(6+)
⁴⁵V	23	22	44.965776(18)	547(6) ms	β ⁺	⁴⁵Ti	7/2?
⁴⁶V	23	23	45.9602005(11)	422.50(11) ms	β ⁺	⁴⁶Ti	0+
^46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	⁴⁶V	3+
⁴⁷V	23	24	46.9549089(9)	32.6(3) min	β ⁺	⁴⁷Ti	3/2?
⁴⁸V	23	25	47.9522537(27)	15.9735(25) d	β ⁺	⁴⁸Ti	4+
⁴⁹V	23	26	48.9485161(12)	329(3) d	EC	⁴⁹Ti	7/2?
⁵⁰V ^{[n 9]}	23	27	49.9471585(11)	2.71(13)×10 ¹⁷ y	β ⁺	⁵⁰Ti	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487?0.002502
⁵⁰V ^{[n 9]}	23	27	49.9471585(11)	2.71(13)×10 ¹⁷ y	β ^? (<3% ^[3])	⁵⁰Cr	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487?0.002502
⁵¹V	23	28	50.9439595(11)	Stable			7/2?	0.99750(4)	0.997498?0.997513	See V-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
⁵²V	23	29	51.9447755(11)	3.743(5) min	β ^?	⁵²Cr	3+
⁵³V	23	30	52.944338(3)	1.60(4) min	β ^?	⁵³Cr	7/2?
⁵⁴V	23	31	53.946440(16)	49.8(5) s	β ^?	⁵⁴Cr	3+
^54mV	108(3) keV			900(500) ns			(5+)
⁵⁵V	23	32	54.94723(11)	6.54(15) s	β ^?	⁵⁵Cr	(7/2?)#
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β ^? (>99.9%)	⁵⁶Cr	(1+)
⁵⁶V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β ^?, n	⁵⁵Cr	(1+)
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β ^? (>99.9%)	⁵⁷Cr	(3/2?)
⁵⁷V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β ^?, n (<.1%)	⁵⁶Cr	(3/2?)
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β ^? (>99.9%)	⁵⁸Cr	3+#
⁵⁸V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β ^?, n (<.1%)	⁵⁷Cr	3+#
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β ^? (>99.9%)	⁵⁹Cr	7/2?#
⁵⁹V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β ^?, n (<.1%)	⁵⁸Cr	7/2?#
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β ^? (>99.9%)	⁶⁰Cr	3+#
⁶⁰V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β ^?, n (<.1%)	⁵⁹Cr	3+#
^60m1V	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms			1+#
^60m2V	101(1) keV			>400 ns
⁶¹V	23	38	60.96848(43)#	47.0(12) ms	β ^?	⁶¹Cr	7/2?#
⁶²V	23	39	61.97378(54)#	33.5(20) ms	β ^?	⁶²Cr	3+#
⁶³V	23	40	62.97755(64)#	17(3) ms	β ^?	⁶³Cr	(7/2?)#
⁶⁴V	23	41	63.98347(75)#	10# ms [>300 ns]
⁶⁵V	23	42	64.98792(86)#	10# ms			5/2?#
⁶⁶V ^[4]	23	43	65.99324(54)#	10# ms (>620 ns)	β ^?? ^{[n 10]}	⁶⁶Cr
					β ^?, n? ^{[n 10]}	⁶⁵Cr
					β ^?, 2n? ^{[n 10]}	⁶⁴Cr
⁶⁷V ^[5]	23	44	66.99813(64)#	8# ms (>620 ns)	β ^?? ^{[n 10]}	⁶⁷Cr	5/2?#
					β ^?, n? ^{[n 10]}	⁶⁶Cr
					β ^?, 2n? ^{[n 10]}	⁶⁵Cr
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mV – Excited nuclear isomer .
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1 σ ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe .
^ ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ Primordial radionuclide
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

References [ edit ]

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium" . CIAAW . 1977.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Bohlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Groning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi : 10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi : 10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^ Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (April 2009). "Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25" . Physical Review Letters . 102 (14): 142501. arXiv : 0903.1975 . Bibcode : 2009PhRvL.102n2501T . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.142501 . PMID 19392430 . S2CID 42329617 . Retrieved 3 January 2023 .
^ Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (May 2013). "Production cross sections from 82 Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line" . Physical Review C . 87 (5): 054612. arXiv : 1303.7164 . Bibcode : 2013PhRvC..87e4612T . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054612 .

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The N UBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" , Nuclear Physics A , 729 : 3?128, Bibcode : 2003NuPhA.729....3A , doi : 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert ; Bohlke, John Karl; De Bievre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . 75 (6): 683?800. doi : 10.1351/pac200375060683 .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . 78 (11): 2051?2066. doi : 10.1351/pac200678112051 .
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised" . International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry . 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The N UBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" , Nuclear Physics A , 729 : 3?128, Bibcode : 2003NuPhA.729....3A , doi : 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center . "NuDat 2.x database" . Brookhaven National Laboratory .
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press . ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9 .
History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).

[3] V – Excited nuclear isomer .

[4] ( ) – Uncertainty (1 σ ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-5] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[6] Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe .

[TNN-7] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[8] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

p: Proton emission

[9] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[10] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[11] Primordial radionuclide

[decay_mode_1-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium" . CIAAW . 1977.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Bohlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Groning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi : 10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .

[NUBASE2020-12] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi : 10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .

[13] Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (April 2009). "Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25" . Physical Review Letters . 102 (14): 142501. arXiv : 0903.1975 . Bibcode : 2009PhRvL.102n2501T . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.142501 . PMID 19392430 . S2CID 42329617 . Retrieved 3 January 2023 .

[15] Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (May 2013). "Production cross sections from 82 Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line" . Physical Review C . 87 (5): 054612. arXiv : 1303.7164 . Bibcode : 2013PhRvC..87e4612T . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054612 .

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