1983 environmental treaty
The
International Tropical Timber Agreement
(ITTA), 1983) is an agreement to provide an effective framework for cooperation between
tropical timber
producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of
tropical forests
and their
genetic resources
.
The
International Tropical Timber Organization
was established under this agreement, which first
opened for signature
on 18 November 1983, then
Entered into force
on 1 April 1985. There were subsequent treaties, with an increasing number of signatories, in 1994 (ITTA2) and 2006 (ITTA3).
ITTA2 (1994) was drafted to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of
tropical timber
originated from
sustainably
managed sources and to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective.
It further defined the mandate of the
International Tropical Timber Organization
. The agreement was opened for signature on 26 January 1994, and entered into force on 1 January 1997.
ITTA3 (2006) aimed to "promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in
tropical timber
from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests and to promote the
sustainable
management of tropical timber producing forests".
[1]
It entered into force on 7 December 2011.
[2]
Parties
[
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]
Fifty eight parties signed up to the 1983 agreement:
Australia
,
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Burma
,
Cameroon
,
Canada
,
People's Republic of China
,
Colombia
,
Democratic Republic of the Congo
,
Republic of the Congo
,
Ivory Coast
,
Denmark
,
Ecuador
,
Egypt
,
European Union
,
Fiji
,
Finland
,
France
,
Gabon
,
Germany
,
Ghana
,
Greece
,
Guyana
,
Honduras
,
India
,
Indonesia
,
Ireland
,
Italy
,
Japan
,
South Korea
,
Liberia
,
Luxembourg
,
Malaysia
,
Nepal
,
Netherlands
,
New Zealand
,
Norway
,
Panama
,
Papua New Guinea
,
Peru
,
Philippines
,
Portugal
,
Russia
,
Spain
,
Sweden
,
Switzerland
,
Thailand
,
Togo
,
Trinidad and Tobago
,
United Kingdom
,
United States
,
Venezuela
Sixty-two parties ultimately ratified the 1994 agreement:
Australia
,
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Burma
,
Cambodia
,
Cameroon
,
Canada
,
Central African Republic
,
People's Republic of China
,
Colombia
,
Democratic Republic of the Congo
,
Republic of the Congo
,
Ivory Coast
,
Denmark
,
Ecuador
,
Egypt
,
European Union
,
Fiji
,
Finland
,
France
,
Gabon
,
Germany
,
Ghana
,
Greece
,
Guatemala
,
Guyana
,
Honduras
,
India
,
Indonesia
,
Ireland
,
Italy
,
Japan
,
South Korea
,
Liberia
,
Luxembourg
,
Malaysia
,
Mexico
,
Nepal
,
Netherlands
,
New Zealand
,
Nigeria
,
Norway
,
Panama
,
Papua New Guinea
,
Peru
,
Philippines
,
Poland
,
Portugal
,
Spain
,
Suriname
,
Sweden
,
Switzerland
,
Thailand
,
Togo
,
Trinidad and Tobago
,
United Kingdom
,
United States
,
Uruguay
,
Vanuatu
,
Venezuela
As of October 2018, there are 74 parties to ITTA3.
Nigeria
and
Paraguay
have signed the agreement but have not
ratified
it.
Canada
ratified the agreement in 2009 but has since denounced it.
References
[
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]
This article incorporates
public domain material
from
The World Factbook
(2024 ed.).
CIA
.
(Archived 2003 edition.)
External links
[
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]