Don
Fernando de Borbon y Braganza
(full name:
Fernando Maria Jose
) (19 October 1824 ? 2 January 1861) was a member of the Spanish royal family, and a supporter of
Carlism
. He lived most of his life in exile with his father and brothers.
Biography
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Fernando was born in
El Escorial, Madrid
, in 1824, during the reign of his uncle,
Ferdinand VII
. He was the third son of
Infante
Don
Infante Carlos Maria Isidro of Spain
and his first wife,
Infanta Maria Francisca of Portugal
. His older brothers were the Infantes
Don
Carlos Luis
and
Don
Juan
. His paternal grandparents were
Carlos IV of Spain
and
Maria Luisa of Parma
, while his maternal grandparents were
John VI of Portugal
and his wife,
Carlota Joaquina of Spain
. He was raised in an atmosphere imbued with traditional values of loyalty to the monarchy and to the Roman Catholic Church.
Life in court
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When Fernando's uncle,
King Fernando VII
, was widowed for the third time in 1829, he had no legitimate issue to succeed in the event of his death. Given the King's advanced age and failing health, his brother
Don
Carlos, Fernando's father, was his
heir presumptive
and presumed successor. A clique of conservative and
ultramontane
supporters opposed to the King's liberalism surrounded
Don
Carlos at the royal court in Madrid, consolidating in opposition when the King took a fourth bride, his and Carlos's niece
Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies
, by whom he fathered two daughters, the future
Isabella II of Spain
and
Infanta Luisa Fernanda
. When the king died,
Don
Carlos and his entourage opposed the accession to the throne of his infant niece, Isabella, whose mother nonetheless managed to obtain control as queen regent on behalf of her daughter.
Life in exile
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In 1833,
Don
Carlos was exiled to Portugal, taking his family with him, including the young Fernando. Later, in June 1834
Don
Carlos moved with his family to England, where they lived at Gloucester Lodge, Old Brompton Road, and later at Alverstoke Old Rectory,
Hampshire
. It was in England, where a year later Fernando's mother, Infanta Maria Francisca, died. Her sons were left in the care of their father and her older sister
Maria Teresa, Princess of Beira
, who eventually married
Don
Carlos in 1838 while staying briefly with the family in Spain during the
First Carlist War
.
By decree of the Queen Regent, Carlos and his future descendants were legally deprived of the title
infante of Spain
in 1834. Thereafter,
Don
Fernando lived in the shadow of his father and brothers, never marrying. Faithfully supporting the cause of his father, he joined in the travails of his father following the failure of the Carlists in civil war, which imposed poverty on the family and drove them to wander Europe in their exile. They settled in the city of
Trieste
(in present Italy), where
Don
Fernando's father died in 1855.
Death
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In 1860, during a Carlist rising, he and his brother Infante
Don
Carlos Luis were taken prisoners at San Carlos de la Rapita, although later liberated. In 1861 Fernando, Carlos Luis and the latter's wife, Carolina, died suddenly (with Fernando's death date coinciding with
his paternal grandmother's
), probably from
typhus
. The three are buried in Trieste, in the chapel of Saint Charles Borromeo in the cathedral.
Ancestors
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Ancestors of Infante Fernando of Spain
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The generations indicate descent from
Carlos I
, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
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- 1
title granted by Royal Decree
- 2
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
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