Countess of Bardi
Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimaraes
(10 November 1858 ? 15 April 1946) was the fifth child and fourth daughter of
Miguel of Portugal
and his wife
Adelaide of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
. A member of the
House of Braganza
by birth, Adelgundes became a member of the
House of Bourbon-Parma
through her marriage to
Prince Henry of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi
. She was also the Regent of the Monarchic Representation of
Portugal
and for that reason assumed the title of Duchess of Guimaraes, usually reserved for the Head of the House.
Early life
[
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]
Adelgundes de Jesus Maria Francisca de Assis e de Paula Adelaide Eulalia Leopoldina Carlota Micaela Rafaela Gabriela Gonzaga Ines Isabel Avelina Ana Estanislau Sofia Bernardina, Infanta de Portugal, Duquesa de Guimaraes
, was born in
Bronnbach
,
Wertheim
,
Germany
.
[
citation needed
]
Her father died on November 14, 1866, a few days after her eighth birthday,
[1]
and Adelgundes and her siblings were educated in a Catholic and conservative environment by their mother. Her maternal uncle, Prince Carl zu Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, was like a second father to the children.
Marriage
[
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]
Adelgundes married
Prince Henry of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi
, fourth child and youngest son of
Charles III, Duke of Parma
and his wife
Princess Louise Marie Therese of France
, on 15 October 1876 in
Salzburg
,
Austria-Hungary
.
[
citation needed
]
Henry, who was 25 years old, had been previously married to
Princess Luisa Immacolata of the Two Sicilies
, who had died three months after their marriage at the age of 19 in 1874.
[2]
Henry had taken part in the
Carlist war
and fought in the Battle of Lacar. War wounds turned him into an invalid.
Their union produced no issue, as her nine pregnancies all ended in
miscarriages
. The failed pregnancies, the last of which she suffered in 1890, were a source of great grief to the couple.
[
citation needed
]
They divided their time between the Castle of Seebenstein in
Austria
and the
Ca' Vendramin Calergi
in
Venice
. After almost 30 years of marriage, Adelgundes became a widow in 1905.
[
citation needed
]
She was close to her many nephews and nieces, particularly
Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide of Luxembourg
, from the time of her abdication to her early death.
[
citation needed
]
. The composer,
Richard Wagner
died of a heart attack at the age of 69 on 13 February 1883 at
Ca' Vendramin Calergi
, a 16th-century palazzo on the Grand Canal as a guest of
Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
and Infanta Adelgundes.
Regent-in-absentia
[
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]
Between 1920 and 1928, Adelgundes acted as the
regent-in-absentia
[
citation needed
]
on behalf of her nephew and
Miguelist claimant
to the Portuguese throne,
Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
, who was only twelve years old when his father Miguel renounced his claim to the throne in his favor. At the beginning of her regency in 1920, Adelgundes assumed the title of Duchess of Guimaraes.
[
citation needed
]
In 1921 she authored a
manifesto
outlining the House of Braganza's goals for the restoration of the Portuguese monarchy. During her regency, the ex-King
Manuel II of Portugal
agreed that owing to an heir, the rights of succession could pass to Duarte Nuno (although Duarte Nuno's grandfather
Miguel I of Portugal
was excluded from the throne and
the Miguelist line deprived of its dynastic rights of succession
). But Infanta Adelgundes failing to get an agreement mentioning the reestablishment of a traditional monarchy, the Integralists withheld their support to an accord, and on September 1925, Adelgundes, in a letter to King Manuel, repudiated the incomplete agreement. Since any pact resolved the issue of succession (former
Dover Pact
and
Paris Pact
having been both repudiated) and without known documents, there was no direct heir to the defunct throne, but at the death of King Manuel, however, the monarchist Integralismo Lusitano movement acclaimed Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza as King of Portugal.
[
citation needed
]
Duarte Nuno lived with Adelgundes at Seebenstein until the German occupation of
Austria
when the whole family relocated to
Bern
, Switzerland, where she died in Gunten on 15 April 1946 at age 87.
[
citation needed
]
Ancestry
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]
Ancestors of Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimaraes
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* also an infanta of Spain and an archduchess of Austria
,
**
also an imperial princess of Brazil
,
***
also a princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess in Saxony
,
?
Also a princess of Braganza
,
?
title of pretense
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