German high speed train model
This article is about a high-speed train design. For the Bridgman form of water ice, see
Ice III
.
DB/NS Class 403/406/407/408
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![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICE_3_Oberhaider-Wald-Tunnel.jpg/300px-ICE_3_Oberhaider-Wald-Tunnel.jpg) |
In service
| 2000?present
|
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Manufacturer
| Siemens
,
ADtranz
,
Bombardier
|
---|
Designer
| N+P Industrial Design,
Siemens
|
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Family name
| Velaro
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Number built
| - Class 403: 50
- Class 406: 17
- Class 407: 17
- Class 408: 90
(on order)
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Formation
| 8 cars
|
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Capacity
| - Class 403: 441
- Class 406: 430
- Class 407: 460
- Class 408: 455
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Operators
| |
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|
Car body construction
| Aluminum
|
---|
Train length
| - Class 403/406: 200.84 m (658 ft 11 in)
- Class 407/408: 200.72 m (658 ft 6 in)
- Cab car
: 25.835 m (84 ft 9.1 in)
- Intermediate car: 24.775 m (81 ft 3.4 in)
|
---|
Width
| 2.950 m (9 ft 8.1 in)
|
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Height
| 3.89 m (12 ft 9 in)
|
---|
Maximum speed
| - Class 403/406: 330 km/h (205 mph)
- Class 407/408: 320 km/h (200 mph)
|
---|
Weight
| - ICE 3: 409
t
(902,000
lb
)
- ICE 3M: 435 t (959,000 lb)
|
---|
Traction system
| |
---|
Power output
| 8,000 kW (10,728 hp)
|
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Tractive effort
| - 300 kN (67,443 lbf) starting
- 270 kN (60,698 lbf) continuous at 106 km/h (66 mph)
|
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Electric system(s)
| |
---|
Current collector(s)
| Pantograph
|
---|
UIC classification
| Bo'Bo' + 2'2' + Bo'Bo' + 2'2' + 2'2' + Bo'Bo' + 2'2' + Bo'Bo'
|
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Safety system(s)
| |
---|
Track gauge
| 1,435 mm
(
4 ft
8
+
1
⁄
2
in
)
standard gauge
|
---|
ICE 3
, also known as
Intercity-Express 3
, is a family of high-speed
electric multiple unit
trains operated by
Deutsche Bahn
. It includes classes
403
,
406,
407
and
408
, which are known as
ICE 3
,
ICE 3M
,
New ICE 3
and
ICE 3neo
respectively. Three multisystem trains, known as
ICE International
, are owned by
Nederlandse Spoorwegen
(NS, Dutch Railways).
[1]
Based on the ICE 3M/F, Siemens developed its
Siemens Velaro
train family with versions used in Germany, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Spain, China, Russia and Turkey. ICE 3 trains have a maximum speed of 320 km/h (200 mph) when travelling on the high-speed rail lines, however class 403 are permitted to go up to a maximum speed of 330 km/h (210 mph) when it travels on the high-speed route between
Frankfurt
and
Cologne
.
[2]
Class 403
[
edit
]
Interior view showing
smart glass
separating driver's cab
The design goal of the ICE 3 (Class 403) was to create a higher-powered, lighter train than its predecessors such as the
ICE 2
and the
ICE 1
. This was achieved by distributing its 16
traction motors
underneath the whole train, thus ICE 3 trains are
Electric multiple units
(EMUs). The train is certified for 330 km/h (210 mph) and has reached 368 km/h (229 mph) on trial runs. On regular
Intercity-Express
services they run at up to 300 km/h (190 mph), the maximum design speed of German high-speed lines.
Because the train does not have
power cars
, the whole length of the train is available for passenger seats, including the first car. The
lounge
-seats are located directly behind the driver, separated only by a glass wall.
The 50 sets were ordered in 1994 and specifically designed for the new
high-speed line between Frankfurt and Cologne
. They were built by a consortium led by Siemens and
Adtranz
(now
Bombardier Transportation
).
[3]
On 11 April 2017, Deutsche Bahn announced the modernisation programme called
ICE 3 Redesign
for its 66-unit ICE 3 fleet to be completed by the end of 2020.
[4]
The renovation involves replacing the seats, tables, and floor coverings. The six-seat compartment rooms are eliminated from the second class section to increase the number of seats and add more luggage compartments. In addition, the number of disability seating has been increased to two; however, no integrated wheelchair lift has been installed, and no disability seating is offered in the first-class section. The seats in some Bordrestaurant have been converted to the red bench seating while Bordbistro receives the new stand tables. The cabin illumination is provided by
LED lamps
, providing more illumination, while the reading lamps are eliminated. The seat reservation panels are moved from the walls above the windows to the seat headrests per EU directive on accessibilities: the new panel has bigger and more visible white lettering and Braille. The yellow LCD information monitors in the antechambers are replaced with larger full-colour
LED displays
, showing the map, train number, speed, and other pertinent information. The new smaller displays are attached to the ceiling above the aisle throughout the cabins.
Class 406
[
edit
]
NS logoed ICE 3 (Class 406) on the
Cologne?Frankfurt high-speed rail line
The
ICE 3M
(Class 406; M for
multisystem
) was developed to operate international services under the four different
railway electrification systems
in use on Europe's main lines and with support for various
train protection systems
. The
Deutsche Bahn
(DB) ordered 13 of these units in 1994, the NS (
Nederlandse Spoorwegen
) four, making sure that the demands of the Dutch rail network are taken care of. Though these trains carry NS logos, the DB and NS trains together form a pool and therefore, the NS trains may operate DB services as well. In 2007 the train was licensed for operation in the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Currently, those trains are used for cross-border runs between Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, and France. On the French
LGV Est
, some trains reach a regular top speed of 320 km/h (200 mph).
The 17 class 406 sets were built by the same consortium as the Class 403. They were first introduced in November 2000 on services between Cologne and Amsterdam. Since December 2002, they have also been operating three journeys daily each way between Frankfurt and Brussels (increased to four per day since December 2010).
[3]
A picture of a DB ICE 3 class 406 cab
In Belgium, the train was licensed in 2002 to run on the classic 3 kV DC lines with speeds up to 160 km/h (100 mph) and, from December 2004, also on the new 25 kV AC high-speed lines, but initially limited to 250 km/h (155 mph) instead of 300 km/h (190 mph).
Problems with flying gravel and its frictionless
linear eddy current brake
came up during testing. In order to limit the creation of tornado-like
vortices
that pick up gravel and to limit damage from flying gravel to the train, spoilers have been added under the car joints, under the carbody next to the
bogies
and under the powered axles on the bogies.
Additional spoiler (marked red) to limit the creation of vortices that pick up gravel and to protect the bogie and the underframe
The linear eddy current brake, which is required for higher speeds, cannot yet be used, because the magnetic field would rip off the magnetic covers of some trackside equipment; those covers will have to be replaced by non-magnetic ones according to the EU
Technical Specifications for Interoperability
for international rail traffic in Europe.
As in Belgium, licensing procedures for France took five years to be completed. Trial runs were completed in late 2005 and the same two problems were encountered as in Belgium: loose gravel damage and possible side-effects of the brakes. ICE 3Ms were allowed on the
LGV Est
and started service there on 20 June 2007, mixed with
TGVs
. Since December 2007, DB operates ICE 3M trains from
Frankfurt central station
to
Paris Est
, initially with five daily runs between both cities. The six trains for running into France (designated
ICE-3 MF
, indicating
multisystem France
) were modified at
Bombardier's Hennigsdorf plant
and were extensively tested on Siemens'
test site in Wegberg-Wildenrath
before the modified trains re-entered commercial service.
Despite this, the "French" subset of six class 406 trains have suffered from reliability problems, so that some Paris?Frankfurt services are operated instead by French TGVs (currently
TGV 2N2 'Euroduplex'
as of 2015) under the "Alleo" joint venture between DB and SNCF.
[3]
In Switzerland, licensing took only six months.
Class 407
[
edit
]
A
Siemens Velaro
D, on display at InnoTrans 2010. These trains were delivered in 2011 and 2012.
Deutsche Bahn placed an order for fifteen trains valued €500 million in November 2008.
[6]
On 18 April 2010, Deutsche Bahn presented the first
Velaro D
at Siemens'
Krefeld
plant.
[7]
It is designed for operation at up to 320 km/h (200 mph), is wider, quieter and more energy-saving, should be less susceptible to malfunctions than its predecessor, and incorporates additional
crashworthiness
and fire safety measures.
[7]
The new train was supposed to be used mainly for international services from Germany to France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
[8]
The new type's safety measures are in line with the new specifications for operating passenger trains inside the
Channel Tunnel
, allowing the Class 407 to be used on the services that DB planned to operate from London to Amsterdam and Frankfurt in 2015.
[9]
The planned service to London was never introduced.
[10]
The new train was designated Class 407 and was originally scheduled to enter service at the end of 2011. This date has since been postponed several times.
[11]
In December 2013 the first four trains delivered to DB were licensed for domestic operation as
multiple units
and started with passenger traffic. Four more trains were expected for delivery in spring 2014, whereas the remainder of eight trains shall be used by Siemens for test runs in France and Belgium to gain type approval there.
[12]
In June 2011, Deutsche Bahn ordered one additional Velaro D set in order to replace an ICE3MF set damaged in an accident in August 2010.
[13]
Class 408
[
edit
]
In 2019 Deutsche Bahn needed more trains to run on national and international high-speed tracks. Siemens offered them an evolution of the Velaro D equipped with
multi-system
capability and hence labelled Velaro MS. In 2020 Deutsche Bahn ordered 30 trainsets for delivery starting in 2022. The trains are designed for operation at 320 km/h and will be deployed from the end of 2022 on routes that use the Cologne ? Frankfurt high speed line which is designed for operation at 300 km/h.
[14]
The first of the trains, called
ICE 3neo
by Deutsche Bahn and classed as 408, was completed in late 2021 with test runs started immediately. In February of 2022, the order volume increased to 73 trains and the first train was shown to journalists. All 73 trains are supposed to be in service by early 2029.
[15]
In May 2023 DB announced to order the remaining 17 Options of Class 408-trains, so the total order rose to 90.
Special services
[
edit
]
For the
EXPO 2000
in
Hanover
, Deutsche Bahn provided 120 additional train services. Some of these special services were operated by ICE trains and labelled "ExpoExpress" (EXE). These services also constituted the first widespread use of the then-new ICE 3 train sets, presenting them to the domestic and international general public.
[16]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"ICE ? NS"
(PDF)
.
- ^
Tiwari, Sakshi (3 July 2023).
"At 453 KM/H, China Tests World's Fastest, New-Gen High-Speed Train That Is Safer, Energy-Efficient & Intelligent"
.
Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News
. Retrieved
12 September
2023
.
- ^
a
b
c
"The German ICE family".
Modern Railways
. London. December 2010. pp. 70?71.
- ^
"ICE 3 Redesign: Die Anpassungen im Uberblick"
. 11 April 2017.
- ^
"Siemens receives order over 15 high-speed trains from Deutsche Bahn"
(Press release). Siemens. 17 December 2008. Archived from
the original
on 10 June 2022
. Retrieved
27 December
2008
.
Reference Number: I MO 200812.006-04.
- ^
a
b
"DB unveils next-generation ICE"
.
Railway Gazette International
. London. 28 April 2010. Archived from
the original
on 9 August 2011
. Retrieved
4 May
2010
.
- ^
"Neuer ICE: Hightech gegen die Achsenkrise"
.
Spiegel Online
(in German). 28 April 2010
. Retrieved
28 April
2010
.
- ^
Fender, Keith (December 2010). "DB unveils plans for London services".
Modern Railways
. London. pp. 68?69.
- ^
"Germany's Frankfurt-London high-speed rail link put on ice"
. February 2014
. Retrieved
21 February
2014
.
- ^
Keith Barrow (14 June 2013).
"DB secures Channel Tunnel access"
.
International Railway Journal
.
- ^
"EBA approves Velaro D high speed trains for domestic operation".
Railway Gazette International
. London. 23 December 2013.
- ^
Smith, Kevin (June 2011).
"DB and Siemens finally sign ICx contract"
.
International Railway Journal
. Falmouth. p. 4.
- ^
"Deutsche Bahn orders 320 km/h Velaro derivatives"
.
Railway Gazette
. 15 July 2020
. Retrieved
1 February
2022
.
.
- ^
"DB orders more ICE3neo sets as first unit is unveiled"
.
Railway Gazette
. 1 February 2022
. Retrieved
1 February
2022
.
- ^
"Dritte Generation ICE-Triebzuge fur DB Reise&Touristik".
Elektrische Bahnen, Elektrotechnik im Verkehrswesen
(in German) (11). 2000.
ISSN
0013-5437
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
ICE 3
.
|
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|
Technologies
| |
---|
High-speed trains
| 350 km/h
(217 mph)
or more
| |
---|
300?349 km/h
(186?217 mph)
|
- Renfe Class 100, 101
,
102
,
103
- Alstom AGV
- China Railway
Hexie
CRH2C
,
3C
,
380A
/
MTR CRH380A
,
380B
,
380C
,
380D
- ETR 500
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;
e320
- ICE 3
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,
II (Sancheon)
,
KTX-Cheongryong
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,
N700
,
N700S
,
E5/H5
,
E6
,
E8
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,
Atlantique
,
Reseau
,
Duplex
,
POS
,
2N2
,
M (Avelia Horizon)
- TCDD HT80000
- Thalys PBA, PBKA
- THSR 700T
- Siemens Velaro
|
---|
250?299 km/h
(155?186 mph)
|
- Avelia Liberty
- China Star
,
DJF2
,
China Railway
Hexie
CRH1A, 1B, 1E
,
2A, 2B, 2E, 2G
,
3A
,
5A, 5E, 5G
,
China Railway
Fuxing
CR300AF, CR300BF
- ICE
1
,
2
,
4
(ICx)
- KTX-Eum
- New Pendolino
- Renfe Class 120, 121
,
130
- Sapsan
- SBB RABe 501
,
RABe 503
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,
300
,
700
,
800
,
E2
,
E3
,
E7/W7
- TCDD HT65000
- TGV Sud-Est (original)
,
La Poste
- V250
|
---|
200?249 km/h
(124?155 mph)
|
- Acela
- ACS-64
- Adelante
- APT
- China Railway DJJ1
,
China Railway
Hexie
CRH6
,
China Railway
Fuxing
CR200J
- ER200
- HHP-8
- IC4
- ICNG
- InterCity 125
,
225
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,
TD
,
ICE L
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- Railjet
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,
100
,
400
,
E1
,
E4
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- Re 460
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,
SJ X40
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,
801
,
802
,
803
,
805
,
807
,
810
- Talgo XXI
- Voyager/Meridian
- X3
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High-speed railway line
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By countries and territories
planned networks in italics
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Trainsets run in Germany (
ICE
)
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Export trainsets (
Velaro
)
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BR number
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Older, pre-1968 classes
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Battery railcars
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S-Bahn EMUs
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