County-level city in Jilin, People's Republic of China
Hunchun
(
simplified Chinese
:
?春
;
traditional Chinese
:
琿春
;
pinyin
:
Hunch?n
;
Chos?n'g?l
: 琿春;
Hangul
: 훈춘) is a
county-level city
in the
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
, far eastern
Jilin
province. It borders
North Korea
(
North Hamgyong
province) and
Russia
(
Primorsky Krai
), has over 250,000 inhabitants, and covers 5,145 square kilometers.
[2]
[3]
The site of the eastern capital of the
Balhae
Kingdom between 785 and 793,
Donggyeong
, was located here.
The city's name Hunchun comes from
Huncun
in Manchu language. (
Manchu
:
??????
,
Mollendorff
:
huncun
,
Abkai
:
hunqun
).
[4]
The city and the village
Fangchuan
is located near the
point of junction
of the borders of China, Russia, and North Korea; provided with an observation platform, it is a popular tourist attraction.
[5]
Administrative divisions
[
edit
]
Hunchun has four
subdistricts
, four
towns
, and five
townships
.
[6]
Subdistricts:
Towns:
Townships:
Climate
[
edit
]
Climate data for Hunchun (1991?2017 normals, extremes 1981?2010)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
9.2
(48.6)
|
12.4
(54.3)
|
20.3
(68.5)
|
33.6
(92.5)
|
33.4
(92.1)
|
36.9
(98.4)
|
35.6
(96.1)
|
36.2
(97.2)
|
31.3
(88.3)
|
27.3
(81.1)
|
19.3
(66.7)
|
9.9
(49.8)
|
36.9
(98.4)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
?5.1
(22.8)
|
?0.5
(31.1)
|
6.2
(43.2)
|
14.6
(58.3)
|
19.7
(67.5)
|
22.8
(73.0)
|
25.8
(78.4)
|
26.8
(80.2)
|
23.1
(73.6)
|
15.8
(60.4)
|
4.8
(40.6)
|
?3.4
(25.9)
|
12.6
(54.6)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?10.5
(13.1)
|
?6.5
(20.3)
|
0.2
(32.4)
|
7.7
(45.9)
|
13.1
(55.6)
|
17.3
(63.1)
|
21.2
(70.2)
|
22.0
(71.6)
|
16.8
(62.2)
|
9.1
(48.4)
|
?0.6
(30.9)
|
?8.2
(17.2)
|
6.8
(44.2)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
?15.2
(4.6)
|
?12.1
(10.2)
|
?5.3
(22.5)
|
1.6
(34.9)
|
7.8
(46.0)
|
13.4
(56.1)
|
17.8
(64.0)
|
18.3
(64.9)
|
11.6
(52.9)
|
3.3
(37.9)
|
?5.1
(22.8)
|
?12.5
(9.5)
|
2.0
(35.5)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?27.7
(?17.9)
|
?27.9
(?18.2)
|
?24.1
(?11.4)
|
?7.3
(18.9)
|
?0.8
(30.6)
|
5.6
(42.1)
|
8.9
(48.0)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
?1.7
(28.9)
|
?9.2
(15.4)
|
?21.2
(?6.2)
|
?23.4
(?10.1)
|
?27.9
(?18.2)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
8.9
(0.35)
|
8.4
(0.33)
|
14.2
(0.56)
|
31.5
(1.24)
|
76.4
(3.01)
|
83.6
(3.29)
|
136.5
(5.37)
|
122.9
(4.84)
|
76.3
(3.00)
|
37.3
(1.47)
|
21.8
(0.86)
|
8.8
(0.35)
|
626.6
(24.67)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 0.1 mm)
|
2.3
|
3.1
|
4.8
|
7.0
|
13.4
|
14.4
|
15.1
|
14.2
|
9.5
|
6.1
|
5.3
|
3.7
|
98.9
|
Average snowy days
|
3.8
|
4.5
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0.7
|
4.8
|
5.3
|
25.7
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
53
|
52
|
54
|
58
|
69
|
80
|
84
|
81
|
75
|
64
|
59
|
56
|
65
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
189.9
|
197.2
|
230.6
|
220.5
|
213.6
|
179.3
|
161.4
|
178.8
|
217.3
|
212.5
|
169.5
|
169.1
|
2,339.7
|
Percent
possible sunshine
|
65
|
66
|
62
|
55
|
47
|
39
|
35
|
42
|
59
|
63
|
59
|
61
|
54
|
Source:
China Meteorological Administration
[7]
[8]
|
Economy
[
edit
]
Since the early 1990s, the Chinese government invested significantly in transforming Hunchun into a regional economic center, thanks in large part to the influence of the former
Jilin
governor
Wang Zhongyu
, whose work with
Zhu Rongji
allowed him to become the first head of China's
State Economic and Trade Commission
.
[9]
On 9 March 1992 the Chinese parliament approved to set up Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. The national government and Jilin provincial government have invested in succession over four billion yuan in Hunchun through the 1990s.
[10]
On 16 March 2013, a joint agreement to export textiles to North Korea was announced.
[11]
[12]
The textiles would be made into up to 8,000 shirts in North Korea and exported back to China.
[11]
[12]
Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone was approved to be national-level border economic cooperation zone in 1992, with a planning area of 24 km
2
(9.3 sq mi). In 2002 and 2001, Hunchun Export Processing Zone and Hunchun Sino-Russia Trade Zone was set up in it. Being located in the junction of China, Russia, and Korea, it enjoys a strategic location. The city focuses on the development of sea food processing, electronic product manufacture, bio-pharmacy, textile industry and other industries.
[13]
Hunchun Export Processing Zone is located in 5 km
2
(1.9 sq mi) area in Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. Its planned area is 2.44 km
2
(0.94 sq mi). It enjoys good infrastructure and policies as its parent zone does.
[14]
Transport
[
edit
]
In the early 1990s,
Jilin
province government constructed a railway and improved the highway to Hunchun. The
Tumen River Bridge
connects between Hunchun and the North Korean village of Wonjeong (
遠征
) in
Sonbong
. The bridge was built during the Japanese occupation in 1938. In 2010 the bridge was renovated as part of an agreement between North Korea and China to modernize the
Rason
port in North Korea.
[15]
In addition, a new railway line was constructed which links Hunchun and
Makhalino
(a station on the
Ussuriysk
-
Khasan
line, 41 km (25 mi) before Khasan) in Russia and began operating in February 2000.
[16]
Hunchun port is 42 km (26 mi) from
Posyet
and 63 km (39 mi) from
Zarubino
port towns of Russia.
The
Jilin?Hunchun intercity railway
, a 250-km/h high-speed passenger rail line from Jilin to Hunchun via Tumen (
吉???路客???
), began construction work in January 2011, and was scheduled and finished at the end of September 2015.
[17]
[18]
The railway has been described as "
Dongbei
's most beautiful railway" (due to the terrain it runs through) and "the fastest way to
Vladivostok
" (4 hours by train from Shenyang to Hunchun, plus four hours by bus from Hunchun to Vladivostok).
[19]
Reflecting the border location of the city, the train station has its sign in four languages: Chinese, Korean, Russian, and English.
[5]
Sign near
Mount Paektu
promoting Hunchun's location near Russia and North Korea to tourists in
Standard Chinese
and
Korean
.
Sister Cites
[
edit
]
Rason
,
North Korea
[20]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
, ed. (2019).
China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017
. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50. Archived from
the original
on 18 June 2019
. Retrieved
11 January
2020
.
- ^
North Korean Economy Watch > News and analysis of the North Korean economy
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
"News and analysis of the North Korean economy : Koryolink continues to expand customer base"
. North Korean Economy Watch. November 17, 2009.
- ^
Emperor of Qing Dynasty (1771).
御製增訂?文鑑·卷十·人部一人類一·滿洲
[
Enlarged and Revised Manchu Dictionary written by the Emperor of Qing (han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe, juwanci debtelin, niyalmai ?o?ohon uju, niyalmai hacin uju, manju, 4-ci afaha)
] (in Manchu). Vol. 10, Human-beings 1. p. 4.
- ^
a
b
Schmitz, Rob (November 16, 2015).
"China's Frontier Towns > China bets big on border town with Russia, North Korea"
.
Minnesota Public Radio
.
- ^
延?朝?族自治州-行政??? www.xzqh.org
(in Chinese (China)). xzqh.org
. Retrieved
2011-04-28
.
- ^
中??象?据? ? WeatherBk Data
(in Simplified Chinese).
China Meteorological Administration
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
"Experience Template"
中??象?据?
(in Simplified Chinese).
China Meteorological Administration
. Retrieved
7 July
2023
.
- ^
Cotton, James (Nov 1996), "China and Tumen River Cooperation: Jilin's Coastal Development Strategy",
Asian Survey
, vol. 36, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1086?1101
.
- ^
"A survey of Hunchun"
. Office of the TCDC/ECDC Network in China. Archived from
the original
on 2008-04-07
. Retrieved
2008-02-09
.
- ^
a
b
Rank, Michael (March 16, 2013).
"China signs first offshore processing agreement with North Korea"
. NK Economic Watch
. Retrieved
19 March
2013
.
- ^
a
b
吉林?朝出境加工???行
(in Chinese). IDPRKorea.com. 2013-03-07. Archived from
the original
on 22 November 2014
. Retrieved
19 March
2013
.
- ^
RightSite.asia | Hunchun Border Economic Cooperation Zone
- ^
RightSite.asia | Hunchun Export Processing Zone
- ^
Bridge on China-North Korea border being renovated
Archived
2010-04-19 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Kawamura, Kazumi.
"Nine Transportation Corridors in Northeast Asia and Their Discontinuous Points"
. The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia. Archived from
the original
on 2014-05-06
. Retrieved
2008-02-09
.
- ^
"吉??路客????工 ?政才宣布工程?"
. Archived from
the original
on 2011-07-20
. Retrieved
2010-10-31
.
- ^
吉???路有望7月??行
. 2015-04-16.
- ^
"吉??高?今?? ??有望通? - 火?票?"
.
- ^
http://wb.jl.gov.cn/yhcs_85472/201910/t20191018_6115233.html
[
bare URL
]
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Hunchun
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