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Hokushin Itt?-ry?

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Hokushin Itt?-ry? Hy?h? ( 北辰一刀流兵法 )
Ko-ry?
Foundation
Founder Chiba Sh?saku Taira no Narimasa ( 千葉 周作 平 成政 )
Date founded c.  1820
Period founded Late Edo period
Location founded Japan Edo , Japan
Current information
Current headmaster Various lineages are still extant and taught
Arts taught
Art Description
Kenjutsu Sword art ? long and short sword
Battojutsu / Iaijutsu Sword drawing art
Naginatajutsu Glaive art
Gekiken Sparring
Ancestor schools
Descendant schools
Chiba Sh?saku Narimasa

Hokushin Itt?-ry? Hy?h? ( 北辰一刀流兵法 ) is a kory? ( 古流 , school of traditional Japanese art, in this instance martial arts) that was founded in the late Edo period by Chiba Shusaku Narimasa ( 千葉周作成政 , 1794?1856) . He was one of the last masters who was called a kensei ( ' sword saint ' ) .

Curriculum and Characteristics [ edit ]

The curriculum of this ry?ha (martial arts style) contains mainly kenjutsu , iaijutsu / batt?jutsu and naginatajutsu , but the main weapons used are the long and short swords ( katana and wakizashi ). [1]

Hokushin Itt?-ry? is a very intense duelling style which focuses on simple and fast techniques where no unnecessary movements are made. Controlling the enemy's centre line with the kiri-otoshi (cutting down the opponent's sword, a signature technique and principle of Itt?-ry? [2] [3] ) and dominating them with extremely fast tsuki-waza (sword thrusting techniques) are the signature techniques of this ry?ha . The principles of this style are that a perfect technique should contain defence and offence in one action.

Characteristic of the training is the use of onigote (heavily padded gloves) like in its ancestor styles Ono-ha Itt?-ry? and Nakanishi-ha Itt?-ry?, which are used in several kumitachi-kata (two person practice). [4] This kind of training became more and more obsolete towards the end of the Edo period with the spread of gekiken (full contact duels with bamboo training swords and training armour) and the use of b?gu (training armour) and shinai (bamboo training sword).

Hokushin Itt?-ry? is also one of the remaining ry?ha which still practices kumitachi with bokuto (wooden swords). [ clarification needed ] The habiki kata is practiced using habiki (real swords with the sharp edge removed). [5]

Hokushin Itt?-ry? also includes Iaijutsu ( Hokushin-ry? iai ( 北辰流居合 ) ). Today only a few teachers know the techniques. [ citation needed ] Some techniques are depicted in old papers in the Kumamoto prefectural library. It is a very simple form of iaijutsu , with 4 kata while seated (reacting to an enemy in front or behind), 4 kata while standing (reacting to an enemy in front or behind), and 3 kata with hiki-waza (stepping backwards).

In the Noda-Konishi line, some kata have been added to Gogy?-no-kata ( 五行の形 ) and Batt?jutsu ( ?刀術 ) .

Gogy?-no-kata has five kumitachi and three kodachi-gumi which look very similar to Koshi-Gogy?-no-kata ( 高師五行の形 ) , which were the Nakanishi-ha's kata as revised by Takano Sasaburo ( 高野佐三? ) in 1908. [ citation needed ]

In 1932, Noda Wasaburo ( 野田和三? ) and Kobayashi Sadayuki ( 小林定之 ) demonstrated seven kumitachi and three kodachi-gumi as Hokushin Itt?-ry? at Kyoto-Butokuden ( 京都武?殿 ) . [6] The number of kumitachi kata is two more than in the Gogy?-no-kata.

Batt?jutsu is not the Chiba family's Hokushin-ry? iai. The kata names and techniques were introduced by Konishi Shigejir? (refer to Kendo Nippon , Mar. 1978 12?15), but the techniques and the kata names differ from the Edo-Meiji period's densho texts. [ citation needed ] For example, Unry?-ken (雲龍?), Hien-gaeshi (飛燕返) and Taih?-ken (大鵬?).

Famous swordsmen [ edit ]

Towards the end of the Bakumatsu period (1853-1867), the Hokushin Itt?-ry? was one of the three biggest and most famous ry?ha all over Japan. Swordsmen of the Hokushin Itt?-ry? had a strong influence on the development of modern kend? in the late 19th century. Also many famous and politically influential people were masters of this swordsmanship school.

Some of the most prominent figures are:

  • Sakamoto Ry?ma 坂本龍馬 (Famous revolutionary)
  • It? Kashitar? 伊藤甲子太? (Military advisor of the Shinsengumi )
  • Yamaoka Tessh? 山岡?舟 (Founder of the Itt? Sh?den Mut?-ry?)
  • Chiba Sana 千葉さな (Daughter of the 1st Chiba-D?j? headmaster, also known as Chiba Sanako)
  • Yamanami Keisuke 山南敬介 (Vice commander of the Shinsengumi )
  • T?d? Heisuke 藤堂平助 (Captain of the 8th squad of the Shinsengumi )
  • Kiyokawa Hachir? ?河八? (Founder of the Kiyokawa-school and Roshigumi)
  • Yoshimura Kanichir? 吉村貫一? (Kenjutsu instructor of the Shinsengumi )
  • Negishi Shorei 根岸松? (13th S?ke of the Annaka-han Araki-ry? and founder of the Negishi-ry? (Shurikenjutsu))
  • Okada Sadagoro 岡田定五? (Famous swordsman of the Bakumatsu and Meiji period and 14th S?ke of the Annaka-han Araki-ry?)
  • Nait? Takaharu ?藤高治 (A key developer of modern kendo)
  • Takano Sasaburo 高野佐三? (A key developer of modern kendo)
  • Monna Tadashi 門奈正 (A key developer of modern kendo)
  • Mochida Moriji 持田盛二 (One of the most famous kendoka of the 20th century)
  • Hoshino Amachi 星野天知 (Novelist, scientist, also Yagy? Shingan-ry? shihan)
  • Sakurada Sakuramaro 櫻田櫻? (Master of Ono-ha Itt?-ry?, Hokushin Itt?-ry?, founder of Ch?ka-Itt?-ry? 中和一刀流)
  • Suzuki Naonoshin 鈴木直之進 (Master of Yagy? Shingan-ry?, Ono-ha Itt?-ry?, Hokushin Itt?-ry?, and founder of Tenshin Itt?-ry? 天辰一刀流)

Ranking System [ edit ]

The Hokushin Itt?-ry? has three teaching steps:

  • Shoden 初? (entry-transmission)
  • Ch?den 中? (middle-transmission)
  • Okuden ?? (inner-transmission)

Like many other kory?, Hokushin Itt?-ry? traditionally awards makimono-scrolls and/or inka-j?. There is no modern dan/ky? system in this school. The traditional five scrolls of Hokushin Itt?-ry? are:

  1. Kirigami 剪紙
  2. Hatsumokuroku 初目?
  3. Kaj?mokuroku / Seigandenju 箇?目? / 星眼?授
  4. Ch?mokuroku / Menkyo 中目? / 免許 (full transmission of all techniques)
  5. Daimokuroku / Menkyo-Kaiden 大目? / 免許皆? (full transmission of the ry?ha)

The so-called Naginata Mokuroku 長刀目? also exists and is normally issued together with the Menkyo (Ch?mokuroku). It certifies the mastery of all naginatajutsu techniques of the school. Some names of the naginata kata are the same as those in the Hokushin Mus?-ry? (北辰夢想流) densho (?書). [ citation needed ]

In the Tottori-han (鳥取藩), the Sadakichi line (定吉系) also awarded Hon-mokuroku (本目?) like Ono-ha Itt?-ry? (see the Sadakichi line's densho collected in Tottori prefectural museum (鳥取?立博物館) [1] ). However, the Shusaku line (周作系) had only three Mokuroku, which are the Hatsumokuroku (初目?), the Ch?mokuroku-Menkyo (中目?免許) and the Daimokuroku-Kaiden (大目?皆?), so written in the "Kenpo Hiketsu" by Chiba Shusaku (千葉周作「?法秘訣」).

During the Bakumatsu period, Hokushin Itt?-ry? was very popular due to the decreased number of mokuroku down to only 3, from the 8 of the Ono-ha Itt?-ry?. In all Bujutsu ry?ha, students have to pay money or send gifts to the instructor when issued with a mokuroku, therefore Hokushin Itt?-ry? was a more accessible ry?ha for poorer farmers and bushi. Also, a number of the students joined the coup of the Edo Bakufu with other students from newer ry?ha, such as those from Shinto Munen-ry?. [ citation needed ]

Lineage [ edit ]

Old main lines [ edit ]

The two main lines were that of the founder Chiba Shusaku Narimasa at the Edo-Genbukan, and that of the founder's younger brother Chiba Sadakichi Masamichi at the Chiba-D?j?. Towards the end of the Meiji period, the line of the Edo-Genbukan became extinct. The Chiba-D?j? line, unlike that of the Edo-Genbukan has survived until today. Currently the Hokushin Itt?-ry? Hy?h? is headed by ?tsuka Ry?nosuke Masatomo, its 7th Soke . [7] [8]

Edo-Genbukan (extinct) [ edit ]

  • 1st Chiba Sh?saku Narimasa 千葉周作成政
  • 2nd Chiba Kisotar? Takatane 千葉寄蘇太?高胤
  • 3rd Chiba Eijir? Nariyuki 千葉?二?成之 (he led the Edo-Genbukan until his death in 1862)
  • 4th Chiba Michisabur? Mitsutane 千葉道三?光胤
  • 5th Chiba Sh?nosuke Koretane 千葉周之助之胤

Chiba Sh?nosuke Koretane restored the Edo-Genbukan in 1883 with the help of Inoue Hachir? and Yamaoka Tessh?. The Edo-Genbukan was closed between the 20th?30th year of the Meiji-period. The exact date is unknown. [9]

Chiba family Seiden (revived, Ry?gasaki 龍ヶ崎) [ edit ]

  • 1st Chiba Sh?saku Narimasa 千葉周作成政
  • 2nd Chiba Eijir? Nariyuki 千葉?二?成之 (he led the Genbukan until his death in 1862)
  • 3rd Chiba Michisabur? Mitsutane 千葉道三?光胤
  • 4th Chiba Einosuke 千葉英之助 (He did not practice Hokushin Itt?-ry?)
  • 5th Chiba Masatane 千葉雅胤 (He did not practice Hokushin Itt?-ry?)
  • 6th Chiba Yoshitane 千葉吉胤 (He did not practice Hokushin Itt?-ry?)
  • 7th Shiina Kazue 椎名市衛 (He claims to have practiced Hokushin Itt?-ry? [10] under Yajima Saburo (谷島三?), who practiced under the Tobukan 3rd generation headmaster Kozawa Toyokichi (小澤豊吉) [ citation needed ] )

This Hokushin Itt?-ry? line ended with the 3rd generation headmaster, Chiba Michisaburo. However Shiina Kazue managed to find Chiba Michisaburo’s progeny, Chiba Yoshitane, who did not practice Hokushin Itt?-ry?. Shiina Kazue became S?ke in 2013. [2]

Chiba-D?j? (Revived, ?tsuka-ha 大塚派) [ edit ]

  • 1st Chiba Sadakichi Masamichi 千葉定吉政道
  • 2nd Chiba J?tar? Kazutane 千葉重太?一胤
  • 3rd Chiba T?-ichir? Kiyomitsu 千葉統一??光
  • 4th Chiba Tsukane 千葉束
  • 5th Chiba Hiroshi Masatane 千葉弘 (He did not practice Hokushin Itt?-ry?)
  • 6th ?tsuka Y?ichir? 大塚洋一? (He practiced Hokushin Itt?-ry? under Konishi Shigejir? (小西重治?))
  • 7th ?tsuka Ry?nosuke 大塚龍之介 (He practiced Hokushin Itt?-ry? under Konishi Shigejir? and ?tsuka Y?ichir?)

The Chiba-D?j? of Chiba Sadakichi Masamichi (younger brother of school's founder) became one of the most famous D?j? all over Japan after its founding in the late 1840s. The teaching-line of the Edo-Genbukan disappeared soon after the D?j? was closed at the end of the Meiji period. The Chiba-D?j? was also closed at the beginning of the Taisho period. The Chiba family, which did not practice the school but owned the family documents has survived until today. The 5th generation head of the family, Chiba Hiroshi, did not practice or train in the school, nor was there anyone actively practicing under him. Therefore he renounced his family's claims and documents to ?tsuka Y?ichir? Masanori, the 6th S?ke who trained under Konishi Shigejir? of the Noda-ha Hokushin Itt?-ry?. ?tsuka recreated the Chiba-line in 2013, and was then succeeded by a German citizen named Markus Losch, who later changed his name to ?tsuka Ry?nosuke when he became Menkyo-Kaiden in 2014. He later was appointed the 7th S?ke in March 2016.

Regional Lines [ edit ]

At the middle of the Meiji-period there were many side branches, founded by pupils of the two main lines. One of the most famous was the Tobukan in Mito. It was established by Kozawa Torakichi, a student of the Edo-Genbukan. Kozawa Torakichi was also an instructor at the Kodokan (弘道館), the official clan school of the Mito-clan. After the Meiji-restoration and the abolishment of the traditional clan system the Kodokan was closed, so in order to continue teaching, Kozawa Torakichi opened his own D?j?, the Tobukan. There he taught Hokushin Itt?-ry? together with Shin Tamiya-ry? (新田宮流?刀術) and Suifu-ry? (水府流?術). (Torakichi's second son Kozawa Jiro Atsunobu (小澤二?篤信) inherited Suifu-ry? kenjutsu from his own other d?j?.) This Hokushin Itt?-ry? line is also the line of the school which is a member of the Nihon Kobudo Kyokai. Up until today, the Kozawa family is still preserving the teachings of its first headmaster at the Tobukan in Mito.

Mito-Tobukan 水?東武館 [ edit ]

In the Tobukan there is no Hokushin Itt?-ry? "S?ke". Instead there exists a Hokushin Itt?-ry? "representative" (as described in the Nikon Kobudo kyokai homepage). [11]

The family name "Kozawa" of the 3rd generation, Toyokichi, and the 4th generation, Takeshi are son-in-law taken into family with Ichiro's daughter (as described on the Tobukan homepage).

  • 1st Kozawa Torakichi Masakata 小澤寅吉政方
  • 2nd Kozawa Ichiro Hirotake 小澤一?弘武
  • 3rd Kozawa Toyokichi 小澤豊吉 , Moriyama Shigeo 森山繁雄 , Sato Nobuo 佐藤信雄
  • 4th Kozawa Takeshi 小澤武 , Kozawa Kiyoko 小澤喜代子
  • 5th Kozawa Satoshi 小澤智 , Osono Toshitsugu 小?壽嗣 [12]

Otaru-Genbukan 小樽玄武館 (Noda-ha) [ edit ]

(This d?j? is not to be mistaken for the Edo-Genbukan.)

Kobayashi Seijiro was granted the Inka-jo from Chiba Michisaburo, and opened the Shisei-kan d?j? in Tokyo. He did not have a son, so he adopted Katsuura Shiro, who was later granted a Hokushin Itt?-ry? menkyo. He then went to Otaru, Hokkaido for musha-shugyo. The master of Otaru Nanburo, Noda Wasaburo, approved of his kenjutsu and personality. His daughter Haru married Shiro, and Shiro was taken into family as Noda Shiro. In 1913, the Otaru Genbukan was constructed in Nanburo. Chiba Katsutaro (Michisaburo's second son) gave his permission to use the name Genbukan.

In 1933, 14 year-old Konishi Shigejir? became a disciple of Otaru Genbukan, becoming an assistant instructor in 1937. In 1938, Shigejir? joined the war. In 1944, Noda Shiro died. After the war in 1945, Shigejir? conceded the inheritance of the line to his senior Miura Yoshikatsu, but Shigejir? later inherited it from Yoshikatsu in turn.

In 1950, Shigejir? opened an outdoor d?j? in Zenpukuji temple park in Tokyo, and in the autumn constructed a proper d?j?, giving it the name Genbukan. [13] Shigejir? died in 2009 at 90 years of age.

  • 1st Noda Shiro 野田四? (founder of the Otaru-Genbukan)
  • 2nd Kobayashi Yoshikatsu 小林義勝
  • 3rd Konishi (Ono) Shigejir? 小西(小野)重治? (moved the d?j? to Tokyo and renamed it Suginami-Genbukan)
  • 4th Konishi Shin'en Kazuyuki 小西?円一之

The Chiba d?j?'s 6th S?ke, ?tsuka Y?ichir?, was a student of Konishi Shigejir?.

Hokushin Ittoryu Kot?kan 北辰一刀流　虎韜館 [ edit ]

A student of Konishi Shigejir?, Tsukada Yoshikazu, Takano Sanetora (高野眞虎) teaches in his d?j? called Kot?kan in Nagano. [14] [15]

They are training in gymnasiums and the historical Matsushiro Literary and Military School (Bunbu-gakk? 文武?校). This building was built in the Bakumatsu period, the construction is based on the Kod?kan (弘道館) in Mito (水?).

Sakurada Hokushin Itt?-ry? 櫻田北辰一刀流 [ edit ]

Sakurada Sakuramaro 櫻田櫻? was the Sendai-han's instructor of the Hokushin Itt?-ry? in Edo period. [ citation needed ] ) He started the Ch?ka-Itt?-ry? (中和一刀流) in Sendai. [ clarification needed ]

In the 20th century, Tsumura Keiji claimed that he had inherited Sakurada Sakuramaro's Hokushin Itt?-ry? line. He posted the inheritance tree of his line on his own web page. (Now, the web page is deleted.)

The inheritance tree contains several strange points. [ citation needed ] In any case, he and his students are training Itt?-ry? kumitachi kata . They are now training in Shushin Budokai (修心武道?). [3]

  • 1st Tsumura Keiji 津村?治
  • 2nd Seki Nobuhide ?展秀

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Hall, David (2013-03-25). Encyclopedia of Japanese Martial Arts . Kodansha USA. p. xiv. ISBN   978-1568364100 . (in English)
  2. ^ "Ono-ha Itto-ryu's "kiriotoshi": An "invincible" technique, born in the battlefield | BUDO JAPAN - Ttraditional Japanese martial-arts" .
  3. ^ "Principles of Budo: Ono-ha Itt?-ry? | BUDO JAPAN - Ttraditional Japanese martial-arts" .
  4. ^ Skoss, Diane (April 2002). Keiko Shokon (Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan) . Koryu Books. p. xiv. ISBN   1890536067 . (in English)
  5. ^ Chiba, Eiichiro (1942). Chiba Shusaku Ikoshu . Tokyo, Japan. p. xiv. ISBN   4-88458-220-9 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) (in Japanese)
  6. ^ Refer to The program of 36th Butoku-sai great demonstration festival No.3 第三十六回武?祭大演武會演武番組 其三)
  7. ^ Ken / Nihon no Ryuha . Tokyo, Japan. 2014. ISBN   978-4773055122 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) (in Japanese)
  8. ^ Chiba, Eiichiro (1942). Chiba Shusaku Ikoshu . Tokyo, Japan. p. xiv. ISBN   4-88458-220-9 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) (in Japanese)
  9. ^ Chiba, Eiichiro (1942). Chiba Shusaku Ikoshu . Tokyo, Japan. p. xiv. ISBN   4-88458-220-9 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) (in Japanese)
  10. ^ https://hokushin-ittoryu-en.localinfo.jp/
  11. ^ "日本古武道協? | 北辰一刀流?術" .
  12. ^ Mito Tobukan 130 nenshi . Ibaraki, Japan. 2009. zaidan hojin Mito Tobukan. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) (in Japanese)
  13. ^ Konishi, Shigejir? (1993). Hokuto no Ken . Tokyo, Japan. p. 73. ISBN   4-309-90118-2 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) (in Japanese)
  14. ^ https://kotoukan.jimdofree.com/
  15. ^ https://www.facebook.com/hokushin/

External links [ edit ]

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