Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 1960
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah
KCMG
(
Jawi
:
????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???
; 13 May 1898 ? 1 September 1960) was
Sultan of Selangor
from 1938 to 1942, later from 1945, and the second
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
of the
Federation of Malaya
from 14 April, until his death on 1 September 1960.
Early life and education
[
edit
]
He was the third son of
Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah ibni Raja Muda Musa
(1863?1938) by Cik Puan Hasnah binti Pilong, a commoner wife. Named Tengku Alam Shah at birth, he was not expected to succeed as he had two elder half-brothers.
Educated at the
Malay College Kuala Kangsar
, he was instrumental in the establishment of the Malay College Old Boys Association (MCOBA) in 1929. In 1931, he was appointed Tengku Laksamana of Selangor, having previously served as Tengku Panglima Raja.
Selangor succession dispute
[
edit
]
Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah had multiple children, his first three sons in chronological order being Tengku Musa Eddin, Tengku Badar Shah and Tengku Alam Shah. The first two sons were children by his royal consort, Tengku Ampuan Maharum binti Tengku Dhiauddin of the royal house of
Kedah
. In 1903, Tunku Musa Eddin had been made
Tengku Mahkota
and was promoted to
Raja Muda
or heir apparent in 1920.
[1]
However, at the instigation of the British
Resident
,
Theodore Samuel Adams
(1885?1961; in office 1935 ? 1937), Tengku Musa Eddin was dismissed as
Raja Muda
in 1934 for alleged "misbehaviour". Adams had accused Tengku Musa Eddin as a spendthrift and wastrel with a penchant for gambling. However, many Malays in Selangor believed the real reason for Tengku Musa Eddin's dismissal was his refusal to follow Adams' orders.
[2]
Although Sultan Sulaiman pleaded for the case of Tengku Musa Eddin (even petitioning the Secretary of State for the Colonies and discussing the issue directly with him in London), Tengku Alam Shah was instead proclaimed
Raja Muda
or heir to the throne over the head of his other half-brother Tengku Badar.
[3]
The appointment occurred on 20 July 1936.
[4]
First reign as Sultan of Selangor
[
edit
]
Tengku Alam Shah was proclaimed Sultan on 4 April 1938, four days after the death of his father. On 26 January 1939, he was crowned at Istana Mahkota Puri in
Klang
. Tengku Musa Eddin, then Tengku Kelana Jaya Putera, presided over the ceremony.
[5]
Japanese occupation
[
edit
]
On 15 January 1942, Col. Fujiyama, the Japanese Military Governor of Selangor, invited Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah to King's House in Kuala Lumpur. In an interview with Major-General Minaki, the Sultan confessed that he had made speeches in support of the British war efforts but had been persuaded by the British resident to do so. After being told to surrender the regalia to his older brother, the Japanese removed Sultan Alam Shah and in November 1943, proclaimed Tengku Musa Eddin as the new
Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah
of Selangor.
[6]
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah declined to work with the Japanese and from 1943, refused their allowance awarded to him and his children.
[7]
Second reign as Sultan of Selangor
[
edit
]
The return of the British finally brought Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah back to the throne, while ex-Sultan Musa was exiled to the
Cocos Keeling Islands
.
[8]
Although he had signed the
Malayan Union
treaty, like all other Malay rulers, he later repudiated it and gave open support to Malay nationalist effort to overthrow the plan.
[
citation needed
]
On 1 March 1946, Sultan Alam Shah officiated the First Malay Unity Congress at the Sultan Sulaiman Club in Kuala Lumpur which was instrumental in creating
UMNO
. The Congress was organised by the Selangor Malay Society (PMS) which had as its president the scholar
Zainal Abidin Ahmad
(Za'ba), a critic of British colonial rule.
[
citation needed
]
Election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong
[
edit
]
On 31 August 1957, by eight votes to one, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was elected Deputy
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
of independent Malaya.
[9]
Election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
[
edit
]
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was elected second
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
or federal
Paramount Ruler
of independent
Malaya
(the present
Malaysia
before the accession of British North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore in 1963) on the death of
Tuanku Abdul Rahman
. His term of office began on 14 April 1960. On 30 July 1960 he proclaimed the end of the Emergency in Malaya.
[10]
Death and funeral
[
edit
]
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah died from an unidentified illness at Istana Tetamu, in
Kuala Lumpur
on 1 September 1960, aged 62, the day fixed for his installation. He was interred at the Royal Mausoleum near
Sultan Sulaiman Mosque
in Klang, Selangor on 3 September 1960.
[11]
The Malayan throne passed to the next state.
Personal life and family
[
edit
]
Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was married at least twice:
- in 1920 to
Raja Jemaah
binti Raja Ahmad (1900?1973), a member of a junior branch of the Selangor royal family, who served as Tengku Ampuan of Selangor and
Raja Permaisuri Agong
- in 1927 to Kalsom binti Mahmud (1905?1990), who was the mother to
Tengku Ampuan Besar Bariah
of
Terengganu
.
- in after 1927 to Raja Halija binti Al-Marhum Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah Rahmatullah of Perak and Cik Haji Ngah Uteh Mariah binti Haji Sulaiman, daughter of
Dato
Haji Sulaiman and Fatimah binti To' Bandar Lambin
He was succeeded by his son by Raja Jemaah,
Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah
, as Sultan of Selangor, taking the title of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. Sultan Salahuddin later became the 11th
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
and also died while in office like his father.
Awards and recognitions
[
edit
]
Honour of Malaya
[
edit
]
Foreign honours
[
edit
]
Places named after him
[
edit
]
Several places were named after him, including:
- Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah
(previously known as Kolej Islam Kelang), was named after him.
- Sekolah Alam Shah
(now Sekolah Sultan Alam Shah), first in Cheras and then in Putrajaya, was named after him.
- SMS Alam Shah
, carries the name of him after
Sekolah Alam Shah
moved to Putrajaya
- The City of
Shah Alam
and
Istana Alam Shah
in
Klang
was also named in his honour.
- Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin
(formerly Victory Avenue)
,
Kuala Lumpur
was named after him
- Shah Alam Cemetery
- Shah Alam Circuit
- Shah Alam Expressway
- Shah Alam Komuter station
- Shah Alam Royal Mausoleum
- Shah Alam Royale Theatre
- Shah Alam Stadium
- Shah Alam Transfer Station
- Shah Alam?Puchong Highway
- Sultan Alam Shah Museum
- SK Shah Alam, a primary school in Shah Alam, Selangor
- SK Satu Sultan Alam Shah, a primary school in Petaling Jaya, Selangor
- SK (2) Sultan Alam Shah, a primary school in Petaling Jaya, Selangor
- SK Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah, a primary school in Kuala Lumpur
- SMK Shah Alam, a secondary school in Shah Alam, Selangor
- SAM Sultan Hisamuddin Sungai Bertih, a secondary school in Klang, Selangor
- SAMT Sultan Hisamuddin, a secondary school in Klang, Selangor
- Kolej Komuniti Shah Alam, a community college in Shah Alam, Selangor
- Shah Alam Hospital in Shah Alam, Selangor
- Taman Tasik Shah Alam
- Shah Alam National Botanical Park
- Persiaran Hishamuddin
- Persiaran Hishamuddin LRT station
Trivia
[
edit
]
- His reign was the shortest ever for any Yang di-Pertuan Agong, lasting only 139 days. His son's reign, from 21 September 1999 and 21 November 2001 was the second shortest at two years and sixty two days.
- He is the only Yang di-Pertuan Agong never to have been officially installed.
- He is the only Yang di-Pertuan Agong who never lived at
Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur
.
- He was the last Yang di-Pertuan Agong to read the Friday sermon himself.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Buyong Adil, 1971,
Sejarah Selangor
- ^
Buyong Adil,
op cit
- ^
Willan, HC (7 October 1945) Interview with the Malay Rulers CAB 101/69, CAB/HIST/B/4/7
- ^
Buyong Adil,
op cit
- ^
Buyong Adil,
op cit
- ^
Willan, HC (7 October 1945) Interview with the Malay Rulers CAB 101/69, CAB/HIST/B/4/7
- ^
ibid
- ^
Buyong Adil,
op cit
- ^
(August 4, 1957)
Sunday Times,
Singapore
- ^
Buyong Adil,
op cit
- ^
Buyong Adil,
op cit
- ^
"Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1958"
(PDF)
.
- ^
"KING'S JUBILEE MEDAL AWARDS IN MALAYA"
.
Straits Budget
. 30 May 1935. p. 16.
- ^
"CORONATION MEDALS FOR MALAYA"
.
Morning Tribune
. 26 May 1937. p. 23.
- ^
"No. 34518"
.
The London Gazette
(Supplement). 7 June 1938. p. 3690.
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