Polish-American Holocaust survivor (1925?2018)
Helen Jonas-Rosenzweig
|
---|
Born
| Helena Sternlicht
(
1925-04-25
)
April 25, 1925
|
---|
Died
| December 20, 2018
(2018-12-20)
(aged 93)
|
---|
Citizenship
| American
|
---|
Spouses
|
Joseph Jonas
(
m.
1946; died 1980)
Henry Rosenzweig
(
m.
1990; died 2007)
|
---|
Children
| 3
|
---|
Helen Jonas-Rosenzweig
(born
Helena Sternlicht
; April 25, 1925 ? December 20, 2018) was a Polish
Holocaust survivor
who was interned during
World War II
at the
Płaszow concentration camp
where she was forced to work as a maid for
SS
camp commandant
Amon Goth
.
Born in
Krakow
, she survived the Holocaust with the help of
Oskar Schindler
, who was credited with saving the lives of nearly 1,200 Jewish
forced laborers
. After the war, Jonas-Rosenzweig emigrated to the
United States
. She resided in
Boca Raton
, Florida. Jonas-Rosenzweig met the daughter of
Amon Goth
,
Monika Hertwig
[
de
]
, and together they were featured in the 2006 documentary,
Inheritance
, made for
PBS
by
James Moll
.
Early life
[
edit
]
Helen Jonas-Rosenzweig was born Helena Sternlicht in
Krakow
,
Second Polish Republic
in 1925,
[1]
to Szymon and Lola Sternlicht.
[2]
She was the youngest daughter of an observant Jewish family.
[3]
She remembered her early life as happy. She had two sisters, Bronisława and Sydonia.
[4]
When Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, she and her family were forced to relocate to the
Krakow Ghetto
.
[5]
World War II
[
edit
]
Płaszow Concentration Camp
[
edit
]
In 1942, Sternlicht and her family were deported from the Krakow Ghetto and sent to concentration camps. Her father died at the
Beł?ec extermination camp
. She, her mother, and two sisters were sent to
Krakow-Płaszow
, an
arbeitslager
(forced labor camp).
On the third day of her internment at Płaszow, Sternlicht was washing windows in a barracks when Goth, the camp commandant, entered the room. He commented on the job she was doing and ordered her to go to his villa on the grounds of the camp to work as a
housemaid
.
[4]
[7]
[8]
She moved from the barracks to Goth's residence, where she was forced to work as a maid. She shared a room in the basement with another woman, Helen Hirsch (portrayed in the novel
Schindler's Ark
and its film adaptation
Schindler's List
), who was also forced to work for Goth. The two women shared the household duties at the commandant's home for the next two years, where they lived in constant fear for their lives.
[2]
While working for Goth, Sternlicht saw his notorious sadism firsthand.
[9]
She said that he would shoot prisoners from the balcony of his villa,
[8]
and she saw him murder several people and order the deaths of many more. He also beat her. She said that while Goth as depicted in
Schindler's List
appeared to be interested romantically in his maid, he was not attracted to her in real life.
[7]
She later recalled that shortly after she moved to Goth's home, she saw him suddenly, and without provocation, shoot dead a young Jewish man who worked for him as a valet.
[2]
During this period Sternlicht had a boyfriend at the camp, Adam Sztab, who was part of a resistance group inside the camp. She stole some papers from Goth that she gave to Sztab. Goth was told of Sztab's activities by a guard. Goth shot Sztab to death within earshot of Sternlicht, and she was certain that he would kill her too, but he never mentioned it to her. Goth had Sztab's body hung publicly for other prisoners to see, along with a warning about trying to escape.
[7]
Oskar Schindler
[
edit
]
Oskar Schindler
was a frequent guest at Goth's home and he often had encouraging words for Sternlicht, who recalled his saying to her, "Remember the people in Egypt? They were
freed
. So you will be, too."
[7]
After Goth's arrest for embezzling Jewish property from the German government, she later recalled, "Like magic, all of a sudden the doorbell rings ? Schindler is standing there in his coat and saying, 'You're coming with me'". Schindler, who saved about 1,200 Jews from
Auschwitz
by claiming he needed them to work in his factory, added Sternlicht and her sisters, Bronisława and Sydonia, along with Helen Hirsch, to his list of workers who later became known as the
Schindlerjuden
.
[10]
By that time, their mother had died from pneumonia due to the poor conditions at the camp.
[7]
As the
Red Army
approached Krakow in late 1944, Płaszow was closed, and the inmates were sent to camps around Poland, including
death camps
like
Auschwitz
. Schindler made plans to open a
munitions factory
in
Brn?nec
,
Czech Protectorate
, using the workers he had in Krakow. The men on Schindler's list travelled safely by train to Brn?nec, but Schindler's 300 female workers, including Sternlicht and her sisters, were sent to Auschwitz. After a few weeks of negotiations and bribes by Schindler, the women were sent to Brn?nec as well. Sternlicht and her sisters spent the remainder of the war in the relative safety of Schindler's camp until they were liberated by the Red Army in May 1945.
[4]
After the war, Sternlicht testified against Amon Goth at his trial in Krakow, where he was sentenced to death and executed. She met Joseph Jonas two days after liberation, married him and emigrated with her family to the United States in 1946.
[4]
Inheritance
[
edit
]
In 2004, Jonas-Rosenzweig met with
Monika Hertwig
[
de
]
, Amon Goth's daughter.
[8]
[11]
[12]
Hertwig had requested the meeting, but Jonas-Rosenzweig was hesitant because her memories of Goth and the concentration camp were so traumatic. She eventually agreed after Hertwig wrote to her, "We have to do it for the murdered people."
[8]
Jonas-Rosenzweig felt touched by this sentiment and agreed to meet her at the Płaszow Memorial Monument in Poland and tour Goth's villa with her for the 2006 documentary
Inheritance
. The documentary's director,
James Moll
, an associate of
Steven Spielberg
, helped bring the two women together to make the film for
PBS
.
[8]
[11]
[12]
[13]
Personal life
[
edit
]
Two days after they were liberated from the Nazis, she met her first husband, Joseph Jonas. They married in 1946 and emigrated to the United States. They lived in
the Bronx
, raising three children: a son and twin girls.
[4]
In 1980, Joseph, who suffered from
survivor's guilt
, committed suicide.
[7]
She then married a philanthropist and real-estate developer, Henry Rosenzweig (born 5 September 1917).
[14]
She was widowed a second time in 2007. She resided in
Boca Raton
, Florida until her death in December 2018.
[7]
[15]
[16]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"List of Schindler's Workers"
(PDF)
. Yad Vashem Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 2 February 2016
. Retrieved
4 April
2012
.
- ^
a
b
c
Crowe, David (2007).
Oskar Schindler: The Untold Account of His Life, Wartime Activities, and the True Story Behind the List
. Basic Books. pp. 259?64.
ISBN
9780465002535
.
- ^
Walsh, Treva (2020-12-14).
"Those Who Were There: Helen Jonas"
.
Museum of Jewish Heritage ? A Living Memorial to the Holocaust
.
Archived
from the original on 2023-07-20
. Retrieved
2023-07-20
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Brecher, Elinor J. (1994).
Schindler's Legacy
. Plume. pp.
53?76
.
ISBN
9780452273535
.
- ^
Essential Krakow (27 April 2012).
"History of the Krakow Ghetto with photographs"
. Krakow-Poland.com. Archived from
the original
on 1 February 2014.
- ^
Bartosz T. Wieli?ski (10 July 2012).
"Amon Goth my?liwy z KL Płaszow"
[Amon Goth, the hunter of KL Płaszow].
Column alehistoria
(in Polish).
Gazeta Wyborcza
.
Archived
from the original on 10 June 2015
. Retrieved
1 April
2013
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Sturrock, Staci (25 January 2011).
"Holocaust survivor: 'I lived in such fear. I experienced such evilness'
"
.
The Palm Beach Post
. Retrieved
15 August
2019
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Fishman, Aleisha.
"Helen Jonas, Holocaust Survivor"
.
Voices on Antisemitism ? A Podcast Series
. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from
the original
on 3 September 2013
. Retrieved
3 April
2012
.
- ^
Santos, Fernanda (2007-09-24).
"Shared Present Helps Ease Survivors' Painful Past"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on 2013-11-14
. Retrieved
3 April
2012
.
- ^
"11 May 1945: Schindlerjuden Befreiung"
.
Daily Kos
. Kos Media LLC.
Archived
from the original on 1 November 2013
. Retrieved
4 April
2012
.
- ^
a
b
"Overcoming Prejudice"
.
Oprah.com
. Harpo Productions.
Archived
from the original on 2 July 2012
. Retrieved
3 April
2012
.
- ^
a
b
Tanabe, Karin.
"Daughter of evil"
. CBS Interactive.
Archived
from the original on 26 July 2013
. Retrieved
3 April
2012
.
- ^
Dettelbach, Cynthia (December 12, 2008).
"Collecting an 'Inheritance' no one would wish for"
.
Cleveland Jewish News
.
Archived
from the original on 2023-10-23
. Retrieved
2018-08-24
.
- ^
Levine, Zach.
"Schindler survivor tells story of enslavement"
.
New Jersey Jewish News
.
Archived
from the original on 15 January 2012
. Retrieved
3 April
2012
.
- ^
"Helen Jonas Obituary"
.
legacy.com
.
- ^
"Jonas, Helen Obituary"
.
bethisraelchapel.com
.
Archived
from the original on 2019-12-03
. Retrieved
2019-12-03
.
External links
[
edit
]