Annual award for the outstanding college football player
Heisman Trophy
|
Sport
| College football
|
---|
Awarded for
| Outstanding performance which best exhibits the pursuit of excellence with integrity. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, hard work.
|
---|
Presented by
| |
---|
|
First winner
| Jay Berwanger
RB, 1935
|
---|
Most recent
| Jayden Daniels
QB, 2023
|
---|
Website
| www
.heisman
.com
|
---|
The
Heisman Memorial Trophy
(
HYZE
-m?n
; usually known colloquially as the
Heisman Trophy
or
The Heisman
) is awarded annually to the most outstanding player in
college football
. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, and hard work. It is presented by the Heisman Trophy Trust in early December before the postseason
bowl games
.
The award was created by the
Downtown Athletic Club
in 1935 to recognize "the most valuable college football player east of the Mississippi", and was first awarded to
University of Chicago
halfback
Jay Berwanger
.
[1]
[2]
After the death in October 1936 of the club's athletic director,
John Heisman
, the award was named in his honor and broadened to include players west of the
Mississippi
.
[3]
[4]
Heisman had been active in college athletics as a football player; a head football, basketball, and baseball coach; and an athletic director.
It is the oldest of several overall awards in college football, including the
Maxwell Award
,
Walter Camp Award
, and the
AP Player of the Year
. The Heisman and the AP Player of the Year honor the
outstanding player
, while the Maxwell and the Walter Camp award recognizes the
best player
, and the
Archie Griffin Award
recognizes the
most valuable player
. The most recent winner of the Heisman Trophy is
Louisiana State University
quarterback
Jayden Daniels
.
[5]
Trophy design
[
edit
]
The trophy itself, designed by sculptor
Frank Eliscu
, is modeled after
Ed Smith
, a leading player in 1934 for the now-defunct
New York University
football team.
[6]
[7]
The trophy is made out of cast
bronze
, is 13.5 inches (34.3 cm) tall, 14 inches long, 16 inches in width and weighs 45 pounds (20.4 kg).
[8]
Eliscu had asked Smith, his former George Washington High School classmate, to pose for a commissioned sculpture of a football player. Smith did not realize until 1982 that the sculpture had become the Heisman Trophy. The Downtown Athletic Club presented Smith with a Heisman Trophy of his own in 1985.
[9]
From its inception in 1935, the statue was cast by
Dieges & Clust
in New York (and later Providence, Rhode Island) until 1980, when Dieges and Clust was sold to
Herff Jones
.
[10]
For a time until at least 2008, the statues were cast by
Roman Bronze Works
in New York.
[11]
Since 2005 the trophy has been made by MTM Recognition in
Del City, Oklahoma
.
[12]
Selection
[
edit
]
Originally only players east of the Mississippi were eligible, but since 1936 all football players playing in all divisions of college football nationwide are eligible for the award, though winners usually represent Division I
Football Bowl Subdivision
schools.
[13]
There are three categories of eligible voters for the award winner:
- Sports journalists: Heisman.com states that sports journalists are to be the determinants of the award since they are "informed, competent, and impartial."
[14]
There are 870 media voters: 145 voters from each of six regions.
- Previous Heisman winners (and in cases where an underclassman wins the award and remains in school to play, a prior winner may also be a current candidate). According to Heisman.com there are currently 57 prior winners eligible to vote
[14]
and, thus, 57 potential votes (a prior winner is not required to vote and does not lose his voting privileges by not voting).
- Fans: Trophy sponsor
Nissan USA
holds an ESPN-conduced fan survey through its Heisman/college football advertising campaign website. This constitutes one Heisman vote.
Except for the one vote based on the fan voting, the balloting is based on
positional voting
, whereby each voter identifies three selections, ranking them in order. Each first-place selection is awarded three points, each second-place selection is awarded two points, and each third-place selection is awarded one point. Voters must make three selections and cannot duplicate a selection, else the ballot is invalid and none of the selections count.
[14]
The accounting firm
Deloitte
is responsible for the tabulation of votes, which has moved almost exclusively to online voting since 2007.
[14]
Notable moments
[
edit
]
- Larry Kelley
and
Clint Frank
of
Yale
were the first teammates to win the Trophy, in 1936 and 1937.
- Nile Kinnick
of
Iowa
(1939) is the only winner to have a college stadium named after him.
[a]
He is also the only winner to die while in military service for the United States. His death in 1943 made him the first Heisman Trophy winner to die. The high school at the U.S. Navy's Yokosuka Naval Base in Japan is also named after Kinnick.
- Doc Blanchard
, who played for
Army
, was the first junior to win (1945).
- The 1946 Army versus
Notre Dame
game (called "Game of the Century") became notable as in that game there were four players who won or would go on to win the Trophy: Army's
Doc Blanchard
(1945 winner) and
Glenn Davis
(1946 winner), and Notre Dame's
Johnny Lujack
(1947 winner) and
Leon Hart
(1949 winner).
- Doak Walker
of
SMU
was the earliest recipient (1948) ever to make it into the
Pro Football Hall of Fame
, though he wasn't selected until 1986, one year after
Roger Staubach
(the 1963 winner, who played for
Navy
) became the first Heisman winner ever enshrined in Canton.
- Paul Hornung
was the only player to win the award as a player for a losing team: he took the award at Notre Dame in 1956, when the Irish finished 2?8.
- Ernie Davis
of
Syracuse
was the first black player recipient (1961).
- Terry Baker
of
Oregon State
was the only player to win the award and play in the
Final Four
in the NCAA basketball tournament in the same school year (1962?63).
- Steve Spurrier
, the 1966 recipient as a
University of Florida
player, became the first winner to coach a winner (1996,
Danny Wuerffel
, also of Florida).
[15]
- Archie Griffin
of
Ohio State
is the only player to receive the award twice, winning it as a
junior
in 1974 and as a senior in 1975.
[16]
- Andre Ware
of the
University of Houston
was the first black quarterback to win (1989).
- Charles Woodson
of the
University of Michigan
is the only primarily defensive player to win the award, beating out favorite
Peyton Manning
, quarterback for the
University of Tennessee
, in 1997.
- In 2000, former professional baseball player
Chris Weinke
became the oldest player ever to win at the age of 28, playing for
Florida State
.
- In 2007,
Tim Tebow
, playing for Florida, became the first sophomore to win. He also became the first major-college quarterback to rush for 20 touchdowns and pass for 20 touchdowns in a season.
- In 2012,
Johnny Manziel
of
Texas A&M
became the first
redshirt
freshman to win the award.
[17]
- In 2016,
Lamar Jackson
of the
University of Louisville
became the youngest player to win at 19 years, 338 days old.
- In 2017,
Baker Mayfield
of
Oklahoma
became the first former walk-on player to win.
- In 2018,
Kyler Murray
won the award the year after Mayfield, becoming the first quarterbacks from the same school to win in back-to-back years.
- In 2019, quarterback
Joe Burrow
of
LSU
broke numerous voting records. Burrow received the highest percentage of first-place votes ever, with 90.7%; he finished with 841 first-place votes, while runner-up
Jalen Hurts
of Oklahoma finished with 20 first-place votes. Burrow's win was the largest margin of victory ever, beating Hurts by 1,846 points. Burrow also received the highest-ever percentage of possible points with 93.8%, and the highest-ever percentage of ballots with 95.5%.
[18]
As of 2022,
USC
has the most Heisman trophies won with eight; Ohio State, Oklahoma, and Notre Dame each have seven; Ohio State has had six different players win the award.
The closest margin of votes was in 2009 between winner
Mark Ingram II
of
Alabama
and
Toby Gerhart
of
Stanford
.
[19]
Ten Heisman Trophy winners are in the
Pro Football Hall of Fame
,
[20]
[21]
and four winners have also been named Most Valuable Player in a
Super Bowl
. Some winners have gone on to play in other professional sports, including
Bo Jackson
in baseball and
Charlie Ward
in basketball.
Pete Dawkins
and
Dick Kazmaier
are the only winners not to pursue a professional sports career: Dawkins had a career with the
United States Army
, where he achieved the rank of
Brigadier General
, while Kazmaier attended
Harvard Business School
, founded a consulting company specializing in sports marketing, and chaired the
President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
in 1988?89.
University success
[
edit
]
In addition to personal statistics, team achievements play a heavy role in the voting ? a typical Heisman winner represents a team that had an outstanding season and was most likely in contention for the
national championship
or a major conference championship at some point in that season.
The closest that a player outside the modern Division I FBS came to winning the Heisman is third place; in both cases, the players involved played for schools in what was at the time Division I-AA, now
Division I FCS
. The first was
Gordie Lockbaum
from
Holy Cross
in 1987, followed by
Steve McNair
, from
Alcorn State
in 1993.
Armanti Edwards
, from
Appalachian State University
, was also briefly mentioned as a candidate for the award following
Appalachian's
upset
of No. 5-ranked
Michigan
in 2007.
Besides Griffin winning consecutive Heismans at Ohio State, five other programs had two different players win the Heisman Trophy in consecutive years: Yale (1936?37),
Army
(1945?46),
Southern California (USC)
(2004?05), Oklahoma (2017?18), and Alabama (2020?21).
Only three high schools have produced multiple Heisman trophy winners. The first was
Woodrow Wilson High School
in
Dallas, Texas
(
Davey O'Brien
in 1938 and
Tim Brown
in 1987) (Woodrow remains the only
public
high school to be so recognized). Thereafter, two private high schools also achieved this distinction:
Fork Union Military Academy
in
Fork Union, Virginia
(
Vinny Testaverde
as a
postgraduate
in 1982, and
Eddie George
in 1996) and
Mater Dei High School
in
Santa Ana, California
(
John Huarte
in 1964,
Matt Leinart
in 2004, and
Bryce Young
in 2021).
Of the colleges where trophy namesake
John Heisman
coached, only
Auburn University
has produced Heisman winners, with
Pat Sullivan
in 1971,
Bo Jackson
in 1985, and
Cam Newton
in 2010.
Class and age
[
edit
]
For most of its history, most winners of the Heisman have been seniors.
[22]
Texas A&M quarterback
Johnny Manziel
became the first freshman to win the Heisman in 2012. The following year, at 19 years, 342 days old, Florida State quarterback
Jameis Winston
became the youngest Heisman Trophy winner at that time as a freshman. Both, however, were in their second year of college, having been
redshirted
during their first year of attendance, meaning that no
true
freshman has yet won the award. No sophomore won the Heisman in its first 72 years, at which point there were three consecutive sophomore winners ?
Tim Tebow
in 2007, followed by
Sam Bradford
and
Mark Ingram II
? with
Lamar Jackson
, who also surpassed Winston's record as the youngest Heisman winner, becoming the fourth in 2016. Of the four sophomores to have won the award, only Bradford had been redshirted; the others all won during their second year of college attendance. Only a few juniors have won the award, starting with the eleventh winner in 1945,
Doc Blanchard
.
Five players have finished in the top three of the Heisman voting as freshmen or sophomores before later winning the award:
Angelo Bertelli
,
Glenn Davis
,
Doc Blanchard
,
Doak Walker
, and
Herschel Walker
. Eight players have finished in the top three as freshmen or sophomores but never won a Heisman:
Clint Castleberry
,
Marshall Faulk
,
Michael Vick
,
Rex Grossman
,
Larry Fitzgerald
,
Adrian Peterson
,
Deshaun Watson
, and
Christian McCaffrey
. Four players have specifically finished second in consecutive years: Glenn Davis (second in 1944 and 1945, winner in 1946), Charlie Justice (second 1948 and 1949),
Darren McFadden
(second 2006 and 2007), and
Andrew Luck
(second 2010 and 2011).
The oldest and youngest Heisman winners ever both played for
Atlantic Coast Conference
schools. The oldest,
Chris Weinke
, was 28 years old when he won in 2000; he spent six years in
minor league baseball
before enrolling at
Florida State
. The youngest winner is 2016 recipient Lamar Jackson of
Louisville
at the age of 19 years, 338 days, four days younger than Jameis Winston was when he won in 2013.
Position
[
edit
]
The Heisman has usually been awarded either to a
running back
or a
quarterback
; very few players have won the trophy playing a position other than those two. Three
wide receivers
have been named winner:
Tim Brown
(
1987
),
Desmond Howard
(
1991
), and
DeVonta Smith
(
2020
). Two
tight ends
have also won the trophy,
Larry Kelley
(
1936
) and
Leon Hart
(
1949
).
Charles Woodson
is the only primarily
defensive
player to win the award, doing so as a
defensive back
, while also serving as kick returner and occasional wide receiver for
Michigan
in
1997
.
The highest finish ever for any individual who played exclusively on defense is second, by defensive end
Hugh Green
of
Pittsburgh
in
1980
, linebacker
Manti Te'o
of Notre Dame in
2012
, and by defensive end
Aidan Hutchinson
of Michigan in
2021
. Although the Heisman is named in honor of
an interior lineman
, no interior
lineman
on either side of the ball has ever won the award. Legendary
linebacker
Dick Butkus
placed sixth in
1963
and third in
1964
and could qualify as an interior lineman, as he played center on offense during his era when two-way players were still common.
Offensive guard
Tom Brown
of
Minnesota
and the offensive tackle
John Hicks
of
Ohio State
placed second in 1960 and 1973, respectively. Rich Glover, a defensive lineman from Nebraska, finished 3rd in the 1972 vote?which was won by his Cornhusker teammate
Johnny Rodgers
.
Washington's
DT
Steve Emtman
finished 4th in voting in 1991.
Ndamukong Suh
of
Nebraska
finished fourth in 2009 as a defensive tackle. Also,
Kurt Burris
, a center for the
Oklahoma
team, was a runner-up for the award in 1954 and
Orlando Pace
finished fourth in 1996 as an offensive tackle for
Ohio State
.
[
citation needed
]
Venue
[
edit
]
Due to the neighborhood housing the
Downtown Athletic Club
's facilities becoming blockaded after the attacks on
9/11
, the 2001 award ceremony was moved to the
New York Marriott Marquis
in
Times Square
. After the DAC filed for bankruptcy in 2002, the
Yale Club
hosted the presentation at its facility in 2002 and 2003. The ceremony moved to the
Hilton New York
for 2004, and was presented annually at
Palladium Times Square
(then Nokia Theatre Times Square) from 2005 until its closure in 2019 (except in 2017, when the presentation was moved back to the Marquis because of a scheduling conflict).
[23]
[24]
The 2008 Heisman press conference was held at the
Sports Museum of America
at
26 Broadway
near the old Downtown Club building. There was an entire gallery with the museum-attraction dedicated to the Trophy, including the making of the Trophy, the history of the DAC, and information on John Heisman and all the Trophy's winners. There was also a dedicated area celebrating the most recent winner, and the opportunity for visitors to cast their vote for the next winner (with the top vote-winner receiving 1 official vote on their behalf).
[25]
The Sports Museum of America closed permanently in February 2009.
[26]
After Palladium Times Square (then PlayStation Theater) closed in December 2019, the Heisman Trust began searching for a new location to conduct the trophy presentation. The 2020 ceremony would ultimately be held at the studios of ESPN in
Bristol, Connecticut
due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
; the ceremony was a
virtual event
with all participants appearing via remote interviews.
[27]
The 2021 ceremony returned to an in-person event, with the presentation held at The Appel Room at
Jazz at Lincoln Center
.
[28]
History
[
edit
]
The award was first presented in 1935 by the
Downtown Athletic Club
(DAC) in
New York City
, a privately owned recreation facility located on the lower west side near the later
World Trade Center site
. It was first known simply as the DAC Trophy. The first winner,
Jay Berwanger
, was drafted by the
Philadelphia Eagles
but declined to sign for them. He never played professional football for any team. In 1936,
John Heisman
died and the trophy was renamed in his honor.
[29]
Larry Kelley
, the second winner of the award, was the first man to win it as the "Heisman Trophy".
[30]
The first African American player to win the Heisman was
Syracuse
's
Ernie Davis
, who never played a snap in the NFL. He was diagnosed with
leukemia
shortly after winning the award and died in 1963. In 1966, former
Florida Gators
quarterback
Steve Spurrier
gave his Heisman trophy to the university president, Dr.
J. Wayne Reitz
, so that the award could be shared by Florida students and faculty.
[6]
The gesture caused Florida's student government to raise funds to purchase a replacement trophy for Spurrier.
[6]
Since then, the Downtown Athletic Club has issued two trophies to winners, one to the individual and a replica to his college.
[6]
Several Heisman trophies have been sold over the years; although there is a ban on the sale of all trophies awarded since 1999, trophies awarded in previous years can be sold.
[31]
O. J. Simpson
's 1968 trophy was sold in February 1999 for
$
230,000 as part of the settlement of the civil trial following the acquittal in his
murder case
.
[6]
Yale end
Larry Kelley
sold his 1936 Heisman in December 1999 for $328,110 to settle his estate and to provide a bequest for his family.
[6]
Charles White
's 1979 trophy first sold for $184,000 and then for nearly $300,000 in December 2006 to help pay back federal income taxes.
[6]
The current record price for a Heisman belongs to the trophy won by Minnesota halfback
Bruce Smith
in 1941 at $395,240.
[6]
Paul Hornung
sold his Heisman for $250,000 to endow scholarships for
University of Notre Dame
students from his hometown of
Louisville, Kentucky
.
[6]
Eliscu's original plaster cast sold at
Sotheby's
for $228,000 in December 2005.
[6]
Television coverage
[
edit
]
The presentation of the Heisman Trophy was not broadcast on television until
1977
.
[32]
Before 1977, the presentation of the award was not televised as a stand-alone special, but rather as a quick in-game feature. The ceremony usually aired on
ABC
as a feature at halftime of the last major national telecast (generally a rivalry game) of the college football season. ABC essentially showed highlights since the award was handed out as part of an annual weeknight dinner at the DAC. At the time, the event had usually been scheduled for the week following the
Army?Navy Game
.
[
citation needed
]
The most watched Heisman ceremony ever was in 2009 when Mark Ingram won over Toby Gerhart and
Colt McCoy
.
[33]
On December 8, 1977, CBS (who paid $200,000 for the rights) aired a one-hour (at 10:00 p.m.
Eastern Time
) special to celebrate the presentation of the Heisman Trophy to
Earl Campbell
of the
University of Texas
.
Elliott Gould
and O. J. Simpson were the co-hosts, with
Connie Stevens
and
Leslie Uggams
providing musical entertainment and
Robert Klein
providing some comic relief.
[
citation needed
]
Since then, a number of companies have provided television coverage of the event:
[
citation needed
]
Controversies and politics
[
edit
]
Regional bias controversy
[
edit
]
A number of critics have expressed concern about the unwritten rules regarding player position and age, as noted above.
[
citation needed
]
Over the years, there has been substantial criticism of a regional bias, suggesting that the Heisman balloting process has ignored West Coast players.
[34]
At present, the
Pac-12 Conference
(formerly Pac-10 and Pac-8) represents 12 of the 65 teams (roughly 18.5%) in the
Power Five conferences
. The Heisman can be, and has been, presented to players from other conferences, but a random sample over a long period of time might suggest that Pac-10/12 players might win somewhere close to 18% of the Heisman awards.
[35]
In the 20 seasons between 1981 (
Marcus Allen
) and 2002 (
Carson Palmer
), not a single
Pacific-10 Conference
or other West Coast player won the Heisman Trophy. Four
Southern California
(USC) players have won the Trophy in the early years of the 21st century and three won it subsequent to Palmer. Although
Terry Baker
, quarterback from
Oregon State
, won the trophy in 1962, and
Gary Beban
from
UCLA
won in 1967, no non-USC player from the West Coast had won between
Stanford
's
Jim Plunkett
in 1970 and
Oregon's
Marcus Mariota
in 2014. Other than Mariota's win, the closest since Plunkett's win have been
Chuck Muncie
,
John Elway
,
Toby Gerhart
,
Andrew Luck
,
Christian McCaffrey
, and
Bryce Love
. Muncie was a running back for the
California Golden Bears
who finished second in the Heisman balloting in 1975. The other five were Stanford players who finished second in the Heisman balloting in 1982, and each year from 2009 to 2011, 2015, and 2017.
The West Coast bias discussion usually centers on the idea that East Coast voters see few West Coast games, because of television coverage contracts,
time zone
differences, or cultural interest. At Heisman-projection website StiffArmTrophy.com, commentator
Kari Chisholm
claims that the Heisman balloting process itself is inherently biased:
For Heisman voting purposes, the nation is divided into six regions?each of which get 145 votes. Put another way, each region gets exactly 16.67 percent of the votes. However, each region does not constitute an even one-sixth of the population. Three regions (Far West, Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic) have larger populations than 16.67% of the national population; and three have less (Northeast, South, and Southwest). In fact, the Far West has the greatest population at 21.2% of the country and the Northeast has the least at 11.9%.
[36]
Nullification of 2005 award and reinstatement
[
edit
]
In 2010
University of Southern California
athletic director
Pat Haden
announced the university would return its replica of the 2005 Heisman Trophy due to
NCAA
sanctions requiring the university to dissociate itself from
Reggie Bush
. The NCAA found that Bush had received gifts from an agent while at USC. On September 14, 2010, Bush voluntarily forfeited his title as a Heisman winner. The next day, the Heisman Trust announced the 2005 award would remain vacated and removed all mention of the 2005 award from its official website.
[37]
Bush eventually returned the trophy itself to the Heisman Trust in 2012.
[38]
Critical responses from the national media were strident and varied.
CBSSports.com
producer J. Darin Darst opined that Bush "should never have been pressured to return the award." Kalani Simpson of
Fox Sports
wrote, "Nice try Heisman Trust...It's a slick move to try to wipe the slate clean." Former Football Writers Association of America president Dennis Dodd, on the other hand, decided to fictitiously award Bush's vacated 2005 award to
Vince Young
, the original runner-up that year. He wrote, "Since the Heisman folks won't re-vote, we did. Vince Young is the
new
winner of the 2005 Heisman." A
Los Angeles Times
piece argued that Bush's Heisman was "tainted" but lamented that the decision came five years after Bush was awarded the trophy and, therefore, four years after the expiration of Bush's term as current holder of the Heisman title.
[39]
[40]
[41]
[42]
On April 24, 2024, the Heisman Trust announced the formal reinstatement of Reggie Bush's trophy amid what it called "enormous changes in the college football landscape". The Trust cited "fundamental changes in college athletics" in which rules that have allowed
student athlete compensation
to become an accepted practice and the 2021
United States Supreme Court
decision against the NCAA in the
Alston
case
, which the Trust said "questioned the legality of the NCAA's amateurism model and opened the door to student athlete compensation".
[43]
Elections involving notable controversy
[
edit
]
| This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
April 2021
)
|
- 1967
- Despite his team's beating the Bruins during the hours before the ceremony, USC's O. J. Simpson lost the 1967 trophy to UCLA quarterback Gary Beban; Simpson did win the trophy the next year.
[44]
- 2010
- Auburn quarterback Cam Newton won the 2010 Heisman Trophy amidst an NCAA eligibility inquiry.
[45]
- 2013
- Florida State quarterback Jameis Winston won the 2013 Heisman Trophy amidst a sexual assault investigation.
[46]
Winners
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
The field of Florida's
Ben Hill Griffin Stadium
is named for 1966 winner Steve Spurrier, though the stadium structure is named for Griffin (the facility's official full name is "Steve Spurrier-Florida Field at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium").
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Gridiron Scene for Trophy"
(PDF)
.
New York Times
. November 14, 1935.
Archived
from the original on 2022-02-10
. Retrieved
2013-12-15
.
- ^
"New York Pays High Honors to Berwanger"
.
Chicago Daily Tribune
. December 11, 1935. p. 27.
Archived
from the original on November 8, 2017
. Retrieved
November 10,
2016
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy Awarded Kelley"
(PDF)
.
New York Times
. December 2, 1936.
Archived
from the original on 2022-02-10
. Retrieved
2013-12-16
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy to Be Presented to Kelly Today"
.
Chicago Daily Tribune
. December 16, 1936. p. 30.
Archived
from the original on November 7, 2017
. Retrieved
November 10,
2016
.
- ^
Cobb, David (December 9, 2023).
"2023 Heisman Trophy winner: LSU QB Jayden Daniels claims award becoming third Tigers player to receive honor"
.
CBS Sports
. Retrieved
December 9,
2023
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
John D. Lukacs (2007-12-07).
"From the legendary to the little-known, Heisman history is never dull"
. ESPN.
Archived
from the original on 2007-12-11
. Retrieved
2008-02-19
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy Design"
.
Heisman
. Retrieved
13 July
2022
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy Design"
.
Archived
from the original on 2020-04-12
. Retrieved
2019-12-18
.
- ^
Harmon, Jim.
"Striking a Pose for Posterity"
.
Sports Illustrated Vault | Si.com
. Retrieved
13 July
2022
.
- ^
"Hornreich Collection of U.S. & World Medal Plaques Robert T. Dieges (Dieges & Clust)"
.
NGC Collectors Society
. Retrieved
13 July
2022
.
- ^
Johnston, Joey (December 14, 2008). "Winning One Heisman Is Tough Enough, And Tebow Has His".
Tampa Tribune
.
- ^
Tracy, Marc (December 7, 2017).
"
'No Two Are Exactly the Same': How the Heisman Trophy Is Made"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on December 12, 2021
. Retrieved
December 14,
2018
.
- ^
"Berwanger Gains Trophy"
(PDF)
.
New York Times
. December 5, 1935.
Archived
from the original on 2022-02-10
. Retrieved
2013-12-15
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Heisman Trophy Balloting"
. heisman.com. Archived from
the original
on July 23, 2012.
- ^
"Florida Gators Football Head Coach Steve Spurrier"
. gatorzone.com. Archived from
the original
on 2012-03-22
. Retrieved
2013-11-25
.
- ^
"1974 & 1975 ? 40th & 41st Awards"
. Heisman.com. Archived from
the original
on 2012-01-04
. Retrieved
2012-01-04
.
- ^
"
'Johnny Heisman': Manziel first freshman to win trophy"
.
KHOU
. 2012-12-08. Archived from
the original
on 2013-06-26
. Retrieved
2012-12-08
.
- ^
"LSU QB Joe Burrow wins 2019 Heisman Trophy in record-breaking landslide"
.
sports.yahoo.com
. 15 December 2019.
Archived
from the original on 2019-12-15
. Retrieved
2019-12-15
.
- ^
Chisholm, Kari.
"A plea to sportswriters for statistical accuracy"
.
Stiff Arm Trophy
.
Archived
from the original on 7 January 2012
. Retrieved
11 December
2011
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy winners in the HOF"
. profootballhof.com.
Archived
from the original on 2008-02-13
. Retrieved
2008-02-19
.
- ^
"Heroes of the Game"
.
Archived
from the original on 2016-01-18
. Retrieved
2016-01-17
.
- ^
"Heisman Winners"
.
The Heisman Trophy
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-08-01
. Retrieved
2009-12-13
.
- ^
Aswad, Jem (2019-08-20).
"New York's PlayStation Theater to Close (EXCLUSIVE)"
.
Variety
.
Archived
from the original on 2019-10-22
. Retrieved
2019-12-08
.
- ^
Weiss, Brad (August 1, 2017).
"When is the (2017) Heisman Trophy Presentation?"
.
Archived
from the original on December 5, 2017
. Retrieved
December 3,
2017
.
- ^
Sandomir, Richard (2008-05-01).
"The Heisman Trophy Moves Into Its New Home"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
.
Archived
from the original on 2021-12-12
. Retrieved
2020-02-13
.
- ^
Sandomir, Richard (2009-02-20).
"Financial Problems Close Sports Museum"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
.
Archived
from the original on 2020-02-13
. Retrieved
2020-02-13
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy to be awarded virtually Jan. 5"
.
ESPN.com
. 2020-11-14.
Archived
from the original on 2020-11-15
. Retrieved
2020-11-16
.
- ^
"ESPN to debut new look for Heisman Trophy presentation telecast"
.
www.sportsbusinessjournal.com
. 30 November 2021.
Archived
from the original on 2021-12-09
. Retrieved
2021-12-09
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy - John W. Heisman"
.
Heisman.com
.
Archived
from the original on September 7, 2017
. Retrieved
September 27,
2017
.
- ^
"The Heisman Trophy"
. Heisman.com. Archived from
the original
on January 3, 2012
. Retrieved
January 4,
2012
.
- ^
Witz, Billy (2019-12-14).
"Congrats on the Heisman Trophy. Now Sign Here and Promise to Not Sell It"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
.
Archived
from the original on 2020-02-13
. Retrieved
2020-02-12
.
- ^
"Heisman Trophy Presentation broadcast history?"
. Archived from
the original
on 2009-02-12
. Retrieved
2008-12-20
.
- ^
Sen, Paul (December 13, 2012).
"Heisman Trophy Presentation Second-Most Watched on Record — Sports Media Watch"
.
SportsMediaWatch.com
.
Archived
from the original on September 28, 2017
. Retrieved
September 27,
2017
.
- ^
"
Seattle Times
, Bob Condotta"
. Retrieved
2 October
2010
.
- ^
"
San Jose Mercury News
, Jon Wilner"
. 2009-12-11.
Archived
from the original on 2022-02-10
. Retrieved
2 October
2010
.
- ^
"West Coast Bias"
. StiffArmTrophy.
Archived
from the original on 2011-07-16
. Retrieved
2007-11-20
.
- ^
"Reggie Bush's Heisman to stay vacated"
.
ESPN.com
. September 16, 2010.
Archived
from the original on November 5, 2012.
- ^
Moura, Pedro (August 16, 2012).
"Former USC RB Bush returned his '05 Heisman"
.
ESPN.com
.
Archived
from the original on 2018-10-11
. Retrieved
2018-10-11
.
- ^
"Vince Young: Heisman Trophy Should Not Be Mine"
. Sports.
Huffington Post
. 16 September 2010.
Archived
from the original on 2016-09-20
. Retrieved
2018-10-11
.
- ^
"Vince Young wins the 2005 Heisman!"
.
CBS Sports
. September 22, 2010. Archived from
the original
on September 24, 2015.
- ^
"Bush's return of Heisman is wrong move"
.
FOX Sports
. 14 September 2010.
- ^
"Reggie Bush's tainted Heisman"
.
Los Angeles Times
. 16 September 2010.
ISSN
0458-3035
.
Archived
from the original on 2016-03-06
. Retrieved
2018-10-11
.
- ^
"Reggie Bush to have Heisman Trophy returned"
.
ESPN
. 24 April 2024.
- ^
"10 Biggest Heisman Snubs Ever"
.
Bleacher Report
.
Archived
from the original on 2015-12-22
. Retrieved
2015-12-12
.
- ^
"Auburn's Cam Newton timeline: From recruitment to NCAA ruling"
.
AL.com
. 2 December 2010.
Archived
from the original on 2015-12-03
. Retrieved
2015-12-12
.
- ^
"Jameis Winston's Heisman win dogged by fallout from sexual assault case"
.
The Guardian
. December 16, 2013.
Archived
from the original on 2019-03-06
. Retrieved
2019-03-03
.
External links
[
edit
]
|
---|
Overall trophies
| |
---|
Overall media awards
| |
---|
Positional awards
| |
---|
Other national player awards
| |
---|
All-Americans
| |
---|
Head coaching awards
| |
---|
Assistant coaching awards
| |
---|
Conference awards
| |
---|
Division I FCS awards
| |
---|
Other divisions/associations
| |
---|
Academic, inspirational,
and versatility awards
| |
---|
Service awards
| |
---|
Regional awards
| |
---|
Awards organizations
| |
---|
Halls of fame
| |
---|
|
---|
NCAA
| Competitions
| Division I
| |
---|
Division II
| |
---|
Division III
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|
|
---|
Seasons
| |
---|
Programs
| |
---|
Conferences
1
| |
---|
Stadiums
| |
---|
Records
| |
---|
Related
| |
---|
|
---|
NAIA
| Competitions
| |
---|
Conferences
| |
---|
Other topics
| |
---|
|
---|
NJCAA
| |
---|
NCCAA
| |
---|
Games
| |
---|
Media
| |
---|
Related articles
| |
---|
Non-U.S. football
| |
---|
- 1
Note: Football-only conferences are listed
|
|
---|
Related articles
| |
---|
Programs
| |
---|
Game coverage
| |
---|
Current commentators
| |
---|
Past commentators
| |
---|
Lore televised by ESPN
| |
---|
Conferences
| |
---|
Conference Championships
| |
---|
Bowls broadcast by ESPN
| |
---|
Other events broadcast by ESPN
| |
---|