Town in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Heidelberg
(
German:
[?ha?dl?b??k]
ⓘ
;
Palatine German
:
Heidlberg
) is a city in the
German state
of
Baden-Wurttemberg
, situated on the river
Neckar
in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students.
[3]
Located about 78 km (48 mi) south of
Frankfurt
, Heidelberg is the
fifth-largest city
in Baden-Wurttemberg. Heidelberg is part of the densely populated
Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region
.
Heidelberg University
, founded in 1386, is Germany's oldest and one of Europe's most reputable universities.
[4]
Heidelberg is a
scientific hub
in Germany and home to several internationally renowned
research facilities
adjacent to its university, including the
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
and four
Max Planck Institutes
.
[5]
The city has also been a hub for the arts, especially literature, throughout the centuries, and it was designated a "
City of Literature
" by the
UNESCO
Creative Cities Network
.
Heidelberg was a seat of government of the former
Electorate of the Palatinate
and is a popular
tourist destination
due to its
romantic
cityscape, including
Heidelberg Castle
, the
Philosophers' Walk
, and the
Baroque
old town.
Geography
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is located on the eastern edge of the
Upper Rhine Plain
(
German
:
Oberrheinebene
), at the place where the river
Neckar
leaves its narrow valley through the
Odenwald
mountains and begins the last leg of its journey across the plain towards
Mannheim
, where it merges into the
Rhine
about 20 kilometers downstream.
A part of Heidelberg, including the historical old town and the famous
Heidelberg Castle
, is located in the narrow Neckar valley. Other parts (mostly quarters from around the 19th century or newer, or originally independent, later incorporated villages) sprawl out into the Rhine Plain and along the
Bergstraße
(
lit.
'
mountain road
'
), the narrow strip of characteristic landscape along the sharp border between the plain and the Odenwald mountains.
The town is bordered by the
Konigstuhl
(568 m), the
Gaisberg
(375 m), and the
Heiligenberg
(445 m) mountains.
Heidelberg is on
European walking route E1
(Sweden-
Umbria
).
Flora and fauna
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is among the warmest regions of Germany, and plants atypical of the
central-European
climate flourish there, including
almond
and
fig trees
, and many kinds of
palm trees
and
olive trees
. Alongside the
Philosophenweg
(
Philosophers' Walk
)
on the opposite side of the Old Town,
winegrowing
was restarted in 2000.
[6]
There is a wild population of African
rose-ringed parakeets
,
[7]
and a wild population of
Siberian
swan geese
, which can be seen mainly on the islands in the
Neckar
near the district of Bergheim.
Administrative structures
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is a
unitary authority
within the
Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe
. The
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
rural district surrounds it and has its seat in the town, although the town is not a part of the district. Heidelberg is a part of the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, often referred to as the
Rhein-Neckar Triangle
.
This region consists of the southern part of the
State
of
Hessen
, the southern part of the State of
Rhineland-Palatinate
(
Vorderpfalz
), the administrative districts of
Mannheim
and Heidelberg, and the municipalities of the
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
. The Rhein-Neckar Triangle became a European
metropolitan area
in 2005.
Heidelberg consists of 15 districts distributed in six sectors of the town. In the central area are Altstadt (the Old Town),
Bergheim
and Weststadt; in the north, Neuenheim and Handschuhsheim; in the east,
Ziegelhausen
and Schlierbach; in the south,
Sudstadt
, Rohrbach, Emmertsgrund, and Boxberg; in the southwest,
Kirchheim
; in the west, Pfaffengrund, Wieblingen, and a new district, named
Bahnstadt
, is built on land in Weststadt and Wieblingen. The new district will have approximately 5,000?6,000 residents and employment for 7,000. Further, new residential space for 10,000?15,000 residents was made available in Patrick Henry Village following the departure of the US Armed Forces.
[8]
Neighbouring communes
[
edit
]
The following towns and
communes
border the city of Heidelberg, beginning in the west and in a clockwise direction:
Edingen-Neckarhausen
,
Dossenheim
,
Schriesheim
,
Wilhelmsfeld
,
Schonau
,
Neckargemund
,
Bammental
,
Gaiberg
,
Leimen
,
Sandhausen
,
Oftersheim
,
Plankstadt
,
Eppelheim
(all part of the
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
), and
Mannheim
.
Climate
[
edit
]
Heidelberg has a
Humid subtropical climate
(
Koppen climate classification
Cfa
), defined by the protected valley between the Pfalzerwald and the Odenwald. The almost year round warm temperatures are usually determined by
Atlantic
air masses in the winter and increased influence from the western
Mediterranean
in summer.
In contrast to the nearby
Upper Rhine Plain
, Heidelberg's position in the valley leads to more frequent easterly winds than average. The hillsides of the Odenwald favor clouding and precipitation.
Spring starts earlier than the average in Germany (usually mid February in the recent years). While the weather in spring is typically warm, it is also known to change far more often than in the summer.
Summer starts typically in June and stays until September. In this time the weather is typically stable, with single thunderstorms marking the only precipitation. Day temperatures of around 30 °C are typical, but can reach up to 40 °C during heat waves.
Autumn starts warm in September and cools down to typical winter temperatures for the region by the end of November. Precipitation levels begin to increase and, due to the decreasing sunlight, the region is affected by fog more frequently from the second part of October onwards.
Winters are mostly mild, though light nighttime frosts do occur in the coldest months. Snow is a rare event, and precipitation normally falls as rain. Winters are the wettest time of the year, with frequent western winds blowing from the Atlantic. Storms ("Orkane") can create severe damage, and the Neckar is often affected by floods.
[
citation needed
]
According to the
German Meteorological Service
, Heidelberg was the warmest place in Germany in 2009.
[9]
[10]
[11]
Climate data for Heidelberg (1991-2020)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
2.8
(37.0)
|
3.8
(38.8)
|
7.4
(45.3)
|
11.6
(52.9)
|
15.6
(60.1)
|
18.8
(65.8)
|
20.8
(69.4)
|
20.4
(68.7)
|
16.0
(60.8)
|
11.3
(52.3)
|
6.6
(43.9)
|
3.6
(38.5)
|
11.6
(52.8)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
47.9
(1.89)
|
45.3
(1.78)
|
49.4
(1.94)
|
42.7
(1.68)
|
70.3
(2.77)
|
65.1
(2.56)
|
73.2
(2.88)
|
64.0
(2.52)
|
55.8
(2.20)
|
59.5
(2.34)
|
60.5
(2.38)
|
63.2
(2.49)
|
696.9
(27.43)
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
48.4
|
77.7
|
133.2
|
190.3
|
214
|
226.7
|
239.5
|
226.2
|
166.5
|
103.4
|
50.6
|
37.7
|
1,714.1
|
Source:
Deutscher Wetterdienst
[12]
[13]
[14]
|
History
[
edit
]
Early history
[
edit
]
Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago,
[
citation needed
]
"
Heidelberg Man
" died at nearby
Mauer
. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907. Scientific dating determined his remains as the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a
Celtic
fortress of refuge and place of worship were built on the
Heiligenberg
, or "Holy Mountain". Both places can still be identified. In 40 AD, a fort was built and occupied by the 24th Roman cohort and the 2nd
Cyrenaican
cohort (CCG XXIIII and CCH II CYR). The late Roman Emperor
Valentinian I
, in 369 AD, built new and maintained older
castra
(permanent camps) and a signal tower on the bank of the
Neckar
. They built a wooden bridge based on stone pillars across it. The camp protected the first civilian settlements and was eventually captured by
Germanic tribes
. The local administrative center in Roman times was the nearby city of Lopodunum, today known as
Ladenburg
.
Middle Ages
[
edit
]
Modern Heidelberg can trace its beginnings to the fifth century. The village
Bergheim
(
Mountain Home
)
is first mentioned for that period in documents dated to 769 AD.
Bergheim
now lies in the middle of modern Heidelberg. The people gradually converted to Christianity. In 870 AD, the
monastery
of
St. Michael
was founded on the
Heiligenberg
inside the double rampart of the Celtic fortress. Around 1130, the Neuburg Monastery was founded in the Neckar valley. At the same time, the
bishopric
of
Worms
extended its influence into the valley, founding
Schonau Abbey
in 1142. Modern Heidelberg can trace its roots to this 12th-century monastery. The first reference to Heidelberg can be found in a document in Schonau Abbey dated to 1196. This is considered to be the town's founding date. In 1156, Heidelberg castle and its neighboring settlement were taken over by the house of
Hohenstaufen
.
Conrad of Hohenstaufen
became
Count Palatine of the Rhine
(German:
Pfalzgraf bei Rhein
). In 1195, the
Electorate of the Palatinate
passed to the
House of Welf
through marriage. In 1214,
Ludwig I, Duke of Bavaria
acquired the Palatinate, as a consequence of which the castle came under his control. By 1303, another castle had been constructed for defense. In 1356, the Counts Palatine were granted far-reaching rights in the
Golden Bull
, in addition to becoming
Electors
. In 1386,
Heidelberg University
was founded by
Rupert I, Elector Palatine
.
[15]
Modern history
[
edit
]
Heidelberg University played a leading part in Medieval
Scholasticism
,
Renaissance humanism
, the
German Reformation
, and in the subsequent conflict between
Lutheranism
and
Calvinism
during the 15th and 16th centuries. In April 1518, a few months after proclaiming his
Ninety-five Theses
,
Martin Luther
was received in Heidelberg, to defend them.
Heidelberg's library, founded in 1421, is the oldest existing public library in Germany.
[
citation needed
]
In 1537, the castle located higher up the mountain was destroyed by a gunpowder explosion. The duke's palace was built at the site of the lower castle.
[
clarification needed
]
Elector Frederick III
, sovereign of the
Electoral Palatinate
from 1559 to 1576, commissioned the composition of a new
Catechism
for his territory. While the catechism's introduction credits the "entire theological faculty here" (at the
University of Heidelberg
) and "all the superintendents and prominent servants of the church" for the composition of the Catechism,
Zacharius Ursinus
is commonly regarded as the catechism's principal author.
Caspar Olevianus
(1536?1587) was formerly asserted as a co-author of the document, though this theory has been largely discarded by modern scholarship.
Johann Sylvan
,
Adam Neuser
, Johannes Willing,
Thomas Erastus
, Michael Diller, Johannes Brunner, Tilemann Mumius, Petrus Macheropoeus, Johannes Eisenmenger,
Immanuel Tremellius
, and
Pierre Boquin
are all likely to have contributed to the Catechism in some way. Frederick himself wrote the preface to the Catechism and closely oversaw its composition and publication. Frederick, who was officially Lutheran but had strong Reformed leanings, wanted to even out the religious situation of his highly Lutheran territory within the primarily Catholic
Holy Roman Empire
. The
Council of Trent
had just concluded with its conclusions and decrees against the Protestant faiths, and the
Peace of Augsburg
had only granted toleration for
Lutheranism
within the empire where the ruler was Lutheran. One of the aims of the catechism was to counteract the teachings of the
Roman Catholic Church
as well as
Anabaptists
and "strict"
Gnesio-Lutherans
like
Tilemann Heshusius
and
Matthias Flacius
, who were resisting Frederick's Reformed influences, particularly on the matter of Eucharist (
the Lord's Supper
). The Catechism-based each of its statements on biblical
proof-texts
, and Frederick himself would defend it as biblical, not reformed, at the 1566
Diet of Augsburg
when he was called to answer to charges of violating the Peace of Augsburg. This was the
Heidelberg Catechism
, officially called the ″Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral
Palatinate
.″
In November 1619, the Royal
Crown of Bohemia
was offered to the Elector,
Frederick V
. (He was married to
Princess Elizabeth
, eldest daughter of
James VI and I
of Scotland and England, respectively.) Frederick became known as the "Winter King", as he reigned for only one winter before the Imperial
House of Habsburg
regained Bohemia by force. His overthrow in 1621 marked the beginning of the
Thirty Years' War
. In 1622, after a
siege of two months
, the armies of the
Catholic League
, commanded by
Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
, captured the town. Tilly gave the famous
Bibliotheca Palatina
from the
Church of the Holy Spirit
to the Pope as a present. The Catholic and Bavarian
House of Wittelsbach
gained control over the Palatinate and the title of Prince-Elector.
In late 1634, after the Swedish army had conquered Heidelberg, imperial forces attempted to recapture the city. They quickly took the city, but were unable to take the castle. As they prepared to blow up its fortifications with gunpowder the French army arrived, 30,000 men strong, led by
Urbain de Maille-Breze
, who had fought in many battles and participated in the
Siege of La Rochelle
(1627?1628), and
Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force
. They broke the siege and drove off the Imperial forces.
[16]
In 1648, at the end of the war, Frederick V's son
Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
, was able to recover his titles and lands. To strengthen his dynasty, Charles I Louis arranged the marriage of his daughter
Liselotte
to
Philip I, Duke of Orleans
, brother of
Louis XIV
, King of France. In 1685, after the death of Charles Louis' son, Elector
Charles II
, King Louis XIV laid claim to his sister-in-law's inheritance. The Germans rejected the claim, in part because of religious differences between local Protestants and the French Catholics, as the
Protestant Reformation
had divided the peoples of Europe. The
War of the Grand Alliance
ensued. In 1689, French troops took the town and castle, bringing nearly total destruction to the area in 1693. As a result of the destruction due to repeated French invasions related to the
War of the Palatinate Succession
coupled with severe winters, thousands of German Calvinist Palatines emigrated in the early 18th century. They fled to other European cities and especially to London (where the refugees were called "the poor Palatines"). In sympathy for the Protestants, in 1709?1710,
Queen Anne's
government arranged transport for nearly 6,000 Palatines to New York. Others were transported to
Pennsylvania
, and to
South Carolina
. They worked their passage and later settled in the English colonies there.
In 1720, after assigning a major church for exclusively Catholic use, religious conflicts with the mostly Protestant inhabitants of Heidelberg caused the Roman Catholic Prince-Elector
Charles III Philip
to transfer his court to nearby
Mannheim
. The court remained there until the Elector
Charles Theodore
became
Elector of Bavaria
in 1777 and established his court in
Munich
. In 1742, Elector Charles Theodore began rebuilding the Palace. In 1764, a lightning bolt destroyed other palace buildings during reconstruction, causing the work to be discontinued.
1803 to 1933
[
edit
]
Heidelberg fell to the
Grand Duchy of Baden
in 1803.
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
, re-founded the university, named "Ruperto-Carola" after its two founders. Notable scholars soon earned it a reputation as a "royal residence of the intellect". In the 18th century, the town was rebuilt in the Baroque style on the old medieval layout.
In 1810 the
French Revolution
refugee Count Charles Graimberg began to preserve the palace
ruins
and establish a historical collection. In 1815, the Emperor of
Austria
, the Emperor of Russia and the King of
Prussia
formed the "
Holy Alliance
" in Heidelberg. In 1848, the German National Assembly was held there. In 1849, during the Palatinate-Baden rebellion of the
1848 Revolutions
, Heidelberg was the headquarters of a revolutionary army. It was defeated by a Prussian army near Waghaeusel. The city was occupied by Prussian troops until 1850. Between 1920 and 1933, Heidelberg University became a center of notable physicians Czerny, Erb, and Krehl; and humanists Rohde, Weber, and Gandolf.
[17]
Nazism and the World War II-period
[
edit
]
During the Nazi period (1933?1945), Heidelberg was a stronghold of the
NSDAP
/Nazi party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party), the strongest party in the elections before 1933 (the NSDAP obtained 30% at the communal elections of 1930
[18]
). The NSDAP received 45.9% of the votes in the
German federal election of March 1933
(the national average was 43.9%).
[19]
In 1934 and 1935 the
Reichsarbeitsdienst
(
State Labor Service
)
and Heidelberg University students built the huge
Thingstatte
amphitheatre
on the
Heiligenberg
north of the town, for
Nazi Party
and
SS
events. A few months later, the inauguration of the huge Ehrenfriedhof memorial cemetery completed the second and last NSDAP project in Heidelberg. This cemetery is on the southern side of the old part of town, a little south of the
Konigstuhl
hilltop, and faces west towards France. During World War II and after,
Wehrmacht
soldiers were buried there.
During the
Kristallnacht
on 9 November 1938, Nazis burned down synagogues at two locations in the city. The next day, they started the systematic deportation of Jews, sending 150 to
Dachau concentration camp
. On 22 October 1940, during the "Wagner Buerckel event", the Nazis deported 6000 local Jews, including 281 from Heidelberg, to
Camp Gurs
concentration camp in France. Within a few months, as many as 1000 of them (201 from Heidelberg) died of hunger and disease.
[20]
Among the deportees from Heidelberg, the poet
Alfred Mombert
(1872?1942) left the
concentration camp
in April 1941 thanks to the Swiss poet Hans Reinhart but died shortly thereafter due to illness he contracted while held prisoner.
[21]
From 1942, the deportees who had survived internment in Gurs were deported to Eastern Europe, where most of them were murdered.
The U.S.
44th Infantry Division
took part in combat in Western Europe throughout 1944 and early 1945, and the division's artillery commander, Brigadier General
William A. Beiderlinden
, became the subject of international headlines in March 1945, when he helped save Heidelberg from bombing by persuading Nazi troops to withdraw.
[22]
When his command was ordered to shell the city, Beiderlinden took the initiative to contact the
burgomaster
and attempt to persuade Nazi soldiers to abandon their positions.
[22]
Though burgomasters were forbidden from conducting such talks, Heidelberg's burgomaster ignored warnings from the local Nazi
gauleiter
and discussed the matter with Beiderlinden.
[22]
The negotiations focused on the importance of sparing
Heidelberg University
and other historic and culturally significant sites.
[22]
Beiderlinden and the burgomaster agreed to terms, and the Nazis spared the city by evacuating.
[22]
On 29 March 1945, German troops left the city after destroying three arches of the old bridge, Heidelberg's treasured river crossing. They also destroyed the more modern bridge downstream. The U.S. Army (
63rd Infantry
, 7th Army) entered the town on 30 March 1945. The civilian population surrendered without resistance.
[23]
Heidelberg, unlike most German cities and towns, was spared from Allied bombing raids during the war. A popular belief is that Heidelberg escaped bombing because the U.S. Army wanted to use the city as a garrison after the war, but, as Heidelberg was neither an industrial center nor a transport hub, it did not present a tactical or strategic target. Other notable university towns, such as
Tubingen
and
Gottingen
, were spared bombing as well. Allied air raids focused extensively on the nearby industrial cities of
Mannheim
and
Ludwigshafen
.
The U.S. Army may have chosen Heidelberg as a garrison base because of its excellent infrastructure, including the Heidelberg?Mannheim
Autobahn
(motorway), which connected to the Mannheim?Darmstadt?Frankfurt Autobahn, and the U.S. Army installations in
Mannheim
and
Frankfurt
. The intact rail infrastructure was more important in the late 1940s and early 1950s when most heavy loads were still carried by train, not by truck. Heidelberg had the untouched Wehrmacht barracks, the "Grossdeutschland Kaserne" which the US Army occupied soon after, renaming it the
Campbell Barracks
.
History after 1945
[
edit
]
In 1945, the university was reopened relatively quickly on the initiative of a small group of professors, among whom were the anti-Nazi economist
Alfred Weber
and the philosopher
Karl Jaspers
.
[24]
The surgeon Karl Heinrich Bauer was nominated rector.
On 9 December 1945, US Army General
George S. Patton
was involved in a car accident in the adjacent city of
Mannheim
and died in the Heidelberg US Army hospital on 21 December 1945. His funeral ceremony was held at the Heidelberg-Weststadt
Christuskirche
(
Christ Church
)
, and he was buried in the 3rd Army cemetery in
Luxembourg
.
[25]
During the post-war
military occupation
, the
U.S. Army
used the
Thingstatte
for cultural and religious events. Civilian use started in the early to mid-1980s for occasional concerts and other cultural events. Today, the celebrations on
Hexennacht
(
German
for 'Witches' Night'), also called
Walpurgis Night
, the night of 30 April, are a regular "underground" fixture at the
Thingstatte
. Thousands of mostly young people congregate there to drum, to breathe fire, and to juggle. The event has gained fame throughout the region, as well as a certain notoriety due to the amount of litter left behind. Officially, this event is forbidden due to security concerns. The City declares it will fence the Thingstatte and prosecute any trespassers.
[26]
In 2022,
a mass shooting occurred in the university
, killing a woman and injuring three other people. The gunman then committed suicide.
[27]
Population
[
edit
]
The population of the city of Heidelberg exceeded 100,000 for the first time in 1946. It is a city with an international population, including one of the largest American communities outside North America, but this is not analysed in the Heidelberg population statistics. At the end of December 2011, the city had 149,633 inhabitants with an official primary residence in Heidelberg (not including the soldiers and employees of the U.S. Army and their dependents, a total of about 20,000 people), a historic high.
[28]
The following table shows the number of inhabitants within the boundaries of the city at the time. To 1833 they are mostly estimates, then census results or official updates of the statistical offices of the time or the city administration. The data refer from 1843 to the "local population", from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 the "population at the site of their main dwelling." Prior to 1843 the population was determined by non-uniform collection procedures.
Heidelberg has currently a population of about 160,000 and is the 5th largest city in
Baden-Wurttemberg
. About 37,000 (24% of the population) are students, which makes Heidelberg one of the largest university city in Germany. Heidelberg's population has grown since 1945 (after the WWII) and has almost never declined due to its popularity of this city where many workers, students and entrepreneur moved to Heidelberg.
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1439
| 5,200
| ?
|
---|
1588
| 6,300
| +21.2%
|
---|
1784
| 10,754
| +70.7%
|
---|
1875
| 22,334
| +107.7%
|
---|
1900
| 40,121
| +79.6%
|
---|
1910
| 56,016
| +39.6%
|
---|
1919
| 60,831
| +8.6%
|
---|
1925
| 73,034
| +20.1%
|
---|
1933
| 84,641
| +15.9%
|
---|
1945
| 95,811
| +13.2%
|
---|
1950
| 116,488
| +21.6%
|
---|
1956
| 121,910
| +4.7%
|
---|
1961
| 125,264
| +2.8%
|
---|
1965
| 125,507
| +0.2%
|
---|
1970
| 129,656
| +3.3%
|
---|
1975
| 129,368
| ?0.2%
|
---|
1980
| 133,227
| +3.0%
|
---|
1985
| 134,724
| +1.1%
|
---|
1990
| 136,796
| +1.5%
|
---|
1995
| 138,781
| +1.5%
|
---|
2000
| 140,259
| +1.1%
|
---|
2005
| 142,933
| +1.9%
|
---|
2010
| 147,312
| +3.1%
|
---|
2015
| 156,267
| +6.1%
|
---|
2020
| 159,245
| +1.9%
|
---|
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.
|
With a
fertility rate
of 1.1 children per woman in the
Stadtkreis
(
county
)
, Heidelberg had the lowest fertility rate in
Baden-Wurttemberg
in 2008.
Politics
[
edit
]
Election
|
2004
|
2009
|
2014
[29]
|
2019
|
Party
|
Votes
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
Seats
|
Votes
|
Seats
|
Greens
|
?
|
?
|
15.1%
|
6
|
19.67%
|
10
|
31.9%
|
16
|
CDU
|
25.9%
|
11
|
20.1%
|
9
|
20.81%
|
10
|
15.0%
|
7
|
SPD
|
21.6%
|
9
|
16.8%
|
7
|
17.26%
|
8
|
13.9%
|
7
|
Heidelberger
|
10.6%
|
4
|
8.6%
|
3
|
8.10%
|
4
|
7.0%
|
3
|
The Left
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
4.08%
|
2
|
5.9%
|
3
|
FDP
|
6.8%
|
3
|
9.1%
|
4
|
4.36%
|
2
|
5.7%
|
3
|
AfD
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
3.84%
|
2
|
5.0%
|
2
|
Green Alternative List
|
21.4%
|
9
|
10.2%
|
4
|
4.37%
|
2
|
4.7%
|
2
|
Bunte Linke
|
3.1%
|
1
|
5.4%
|
2
|
3.75%
|
2
|
3.9%
|
2
|
Die PARTEI
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2.7%
|
1
|
HiB
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2.6%
|
1
|
FWV
|
4.5%
|
2
|
5.8%
|
2
|
3.34%
|
2
|
1.7%
|
1
|
generation.hd
|
3.2%
|
1
|
5.8%
|
2
|
5.05%
|
2
|
?
|
?
|
HD P. u. E.
|
?
|
?
|
3.1%
|
1
|
2.72%
|
1
|
?
|
?
|
Pirates
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
2.64%
|
1
|
?
|
?
|
Others
|
2.8%
|
0
|
0%
|
0
|
0%
|
0
|
?
|
?
|
Turnout
|
50.5%
|
48.8%
|
51.29%
|
64.9%
|
Since 2006, the
Oberburgermeister
(
lord mayor
)
of Heidelberg has been the independent Eckart Wurzner. From 1990 to 2006, the mayor was Beate Weber (
SPD
).
The council consists of 48 volunteer members with the mayor as chairman. The council is directly elected for a term of five years. The task of the council is to decide all the affairs of the city, with the mayor presiding. The council controls the city administration and oversees the enforcement of its decisions.
Heidelberg has always been a stronghold of the Greens. For the municipal elections in 2009, they split into the Green Alternative List and Alliance 90/The Greens and each ran their own lists. Together they gained 10 seats to become the strongest force for the first time.
In September 2011, two members of the GAL Group joined the Alliance 90/The Greens, so that together with the members of generation.hd, they formed the largest group in the council.
For elections to the
Bundestag
, part of the
Heidelberg
constituency
.
Cityscape
[
edit
]
The old town
[
edit
]
Religion in Heidelberg (2011)
[30]
[31]
Other state-recognised church/religious community (3.2%)
The "old town" (German:
Altstadt
), on the south bank of the
Neckar
, is long and narrow. It is dominated by the ruins of
Heidelberg Castle
, 80 metres above the Neckar on the steep wooded slopes of the
Konigstuhl
(
King's chair or throne
)
hill.
- The Main Street (
Hauptstrasse
), a mile-long pedestrian street, running the length of the old town.
- The
old stone bridge
was erected 1786?1788. A medieval bridge gate is on the side of the old town, and was originally part of the town wall. Baroque tower helmets were added as part of the erection of the stone bridge in 1788.
- The
Church of the Holy Spirit
(
Heiliggeistkirche
), a
late Gothic
church in the marketplace of the old town.
- The Karls' gate (
Karlstor
) is a triumphal arch in honour of the Prince Elector Karl Theodor, located at Heidelberg's east side. It was built 1775?1781 and designed by Nicolas de Pigage.
- The house
Zum Ritter Sankt Georg
(
Knight St. George
)
is one of the few buildings to survive the War of Succession. Standing across from the Church of the Holy Spirit, it was built in the style of the late
Renaissance
. It is named after the sculpture at the top.
- The
Marstall
(
Stables
)
, a 16th-century building on the Neckar that has served several purposes through its history. It is now a cafeteria for the university.
Heidelberg Castle
[
edit
]
The castle is a mix of styles from
Gothic
to
Renaissance
. Prince Elector Ruprecht III (1398?1410) erected the first building in the inner courtyard as a royal residence. The building was divided into a ground floor made of stone and framework upper levels. Another royal building is located opposite the Ruprecht Building: the Fountain Hall. Prince Elector Philipp (1476?1508) is said to have arranged the transfer of the hall's columns from a decayed palace of
Charlemagne
from
Ingelheim
to Heidelberg.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Prince Electors added two palace buildings and turned the fortress into a castle. The two dominant buildings at the eastern and northern side of the courtyard were erected during the rule of Ottheinrich (1556?1559) and Friedrich IV (1583?1610). Under Friedrich V (1613?1619), the main building of the west side was erected, the so-called "English Building".
The castle and its garden were destroyed several times during the
Thirty Years' War
and the Palatine War of Succession. As Prince Elector Karl Theodor tried to restore the castle, lightning struck in 1764, and ended all attempts at rebuilding. Later on, the castle was misused as a quarry; stones from the castle were taken to build new houses in Heidelberg. This was stopped in 1800 by Count Charles de Graimberg, who then began the process of preserving the castle.
Although the interior is in Gothic style, the King's Hall was not built until 1934. Today, the hall is used for festivities, e.g. dinner banquets, balls and theatre performances. During the Heidelberg Castle Festival in the summer, the courtyard is the site of open air musicals, operas, theatre performances, and classical concerts performed by the Heidelberg Philharmonics.
The castle is surrounded by a park, where the famous poet
Johann von Goethe
once walked. The
Heidelberger Bergbahn
funicular
railway runs from Kornmakt to the summit of the Konigstuhl via the castle.
The castle looks over the entire city of Heidelberg and the Neckar Valley.
[32]
Philosophers' Walk
[
edit
]
On the northern side of the Neckar is located the Heiligenberg (
Saints' Mountain
), along the side of which runs the Philosophers' Walk (German:
Philosophenweg
), with scenic views of the old town and castle. Traditionally, Heidelberg's philosophers and university professors would walk and talk along the pathway. Farther up the mountain lie the ruined 11th-century
Monastery of St. Michael
, the smaller Monastery of St. Stephen, a Nazi-era amphitheater, the so-called Pagan's hole and the remains of an earthen
Celtic
hill fort
from the 4th century BC.
Heidelberg churches
[
edit
]
There are many historical churches in Heidelberg and its surroundings. The
Church of the Holy Spirit
has been shared over the centuries since the
Protestant Reformation
by both Catholics and Protestants. It is one of the few buildings to survive the many wars during the past centuries. It was rebuilt after the French set fire to it in 1709 during the
War of the Palatinian Succession
. The church has remains of the tombs and epitaphs of the past Palatinate electors. This Church stands in the
Marktplatz
next to the seat of local government. In 1720, Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine came into conflict with the town's Protestants as a result of giving the Church of the Holy Spirit exclusively to the Catholics for their use. It had previously been split by a partition and used by both congregations. Due to pressure by the mostly Protestant powers of Prussia, Holland, and Sweden, Prince Karl III Philip gave way and repartitioned the church for joint use. In 1936 the separating wall was removed. The church is now exclusively used by Protestants. Furthermore, there is the Catholic Church of the Jesuits. Its construction began in 1712. It was completed with the addition of a bell tower from 1866 to 1872. The church is also home to the Museum fur sakrale Kunst und Liturgie (Museum of
Ecclesiastical
Arts). The oldest church in Heidelberg is the St. Peter's Church (now
Lutheran
). It was built some time during the 12th century.
Education
[
edit
]
Universities and academia
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is known for its institutions of higher education. The most famous of those is
Heidelberg University
. Founded in 1386, it is one of Europe's oldest institutions. In fact, Heidelberg is the oldest
university town
of today's Germany. Among the prominent thinkers associated with the institution are
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
,
Karl Jaspers
,
Hans-Georg Gadamer
,
Jurgen Habermas
,
Karl-Otto Apel
, and
Hannah Arendt
. The campus is situated in two urban areas and several buildings. In numerous historical buildings in the old town there are the Faculties of the
Humanities
, the
Social Science
, and the Faculty of
Law
. The school of applied sciences is located in the
Science Tower
in Wieblingen. The Faculties of Medicine and
Natural Science
are settled on the Neuenheimer Feld Campus.
The campus of Heidelberg University has a total undergraduate enrollment of 30,898 as of 2014. The enrollment rate of this university is 16.3 percent. Less than 20 percent of the total student body is international. This university has many areas of study for national students such as; theology, law, philosophy, modern languages, economics, and social sciences. The university does not charge students for tuition. The school's academic calendar is semester based, and the majority of the language for instruction is in German. For international students the academic calendar is based on a block schedule. The international students attend in block periods of 5 weeks. The University or "Uni" is spread across three campuses each containing different fields of study.
Since 1904 there has been a College of Educational Science, the
Padagogische Hochschule Heidelberg
; since 1979 there has been a college of Jewish Studies, the
Hochschule fur Judische Studien Heidelberg
. It comprises nine branches specializing in both religion and
Jewish culture
. The
Schiller International University
, a private American university is also represented with a campus in Heidelberg offering several undergraduate and graduate programs in the fields of International Business and International Relations and Diplomacy.
Research
[
edit
]
In addition to the research centers and institutes of the university, there are numerous research institutions situated in the city of Heidelberg. Among them are the
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
(EMBL),
European Molecular Biology Organization
(EMBO), the
German Cancer Research Center
(DKFZ),
Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
,
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
,
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
,
Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law
.
Schools
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is home to 23 elementary schools. There are several institutions of secondary education, both public and private, representing all levels of the
German school system
. There are 14
Gymnasiums
, with six of them private. With 52% of secondary students attending a Gymnasium, Heidelberg sits above the German average, perhaps because a large number of academics live in Heidelberg and its environs.
The gymnasiums include the
Kurfurst-Friedrich-Gymnasium
[
de
]
,
Bunsen-Gymnasium
[
de
]
,
Helmholtz-Gymnasium
, Holderlin-Gymnasium and Elisabeth-von-Thadden-Schule. Then there are seven
Realschule
, ten
Hauptschule
, and nine vocational schools (the so-called
Berufsschule
). In addition, there are several
folk high schools
with different specialisations.
[33]
Heidelberg International School
serves the local expatriate community.
Economy
[
edit
]
Tourism
[
edit
]
In 2004, 81.8% of people worked for service industries, including tourism. As a relic of the period of Romanticism, Heidelberg has been labeled a "Romantic town". This is used to attract more than
11.9 million visitors
every year. Many events are organized to attract visitors. One of the biggest tourist attractions is the Christmas market during the winter time.
Industry
[
edit
]
Only 18% of employment is provided by industry. Printing and publishing are important enterprises; nearby
Walldorf
is a center of the IT industry and
SAP
World Headquarters. Noted pen manufacturer
Lamy
has its headquarters and factory in Heidelberg-Wieblingen.
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen
has its headquarters here; its factory is located in Walldorf. Soft-drink company Wild-Werke, manufacturer of the
Capri-Sonne
(
Capri-Sun
in the U.S.) is located nearby in Eppelheim. Heidelberg is also home to the headquarters of
HeidelbergCement
, the world's second largest cement producer. The company has its roots in the suburb of Leimen where one of its cement plants is still located. With its long Hauptstraße, Heidelberg is a shopping destination for people from the surrounding smaller towns.
Roads
[
edit
]
The
A 5 autobahn
runs through the western outskirts of Heidelberg, connecting the region to
Frankfurt am Main
in the north and
Karlsruhe
to the south. The
A 656
commences just west of the city, connecting Heidelberg with
Mannheim
. Both highways meet at Heidelberg autobahn intersection in the city of Heidelberg, and the A 656 connects to the
A 6
at the Mannheim autobahn intersection, which connects to the east towards
Stuttgart
.
Furthermore, the
B 3
(Frankfurt?Karlsruhe) runs north?south through the town, and the B 37 (Mannheim?
Eberbach
) runs east?west. Both meet in the city center at the Bismarckplatz. The
B 535
begin in the south of Heidelberg and runs to Schwetzingen.
Tourist roads
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is located on four tourist roads:
Bergstraße
,
Bertha Benz Memorial Route
,
Castle Road
, and Straße der Demokratie (Road of Democracy).
Railways
[
edit
]
Heidelberg Central Station
(Hauptbahnhof) is on the
Rhine Valley Railway
and is served by
Intercity-Express
,
Euro City
trains. This station is served by the
RheinNeckar S-Bahn
. There is also a station for
intercity bus services
outside the central station.
[34]
Public transport
[
edit
]
The main transport hub of Heidelberg is the Bismarckplatz. Several main thoroughfares of the city intersect here and one of the longest pedestrian streets in Europe, the Hauptstraße (main street) runs from here through the entire old town of Heidelberg. Heidelberg Central Station was nearby for many years, which was a combined terminal and through station. In 1955, it was moved about 1.5 km further to the west, which removed the necessity for trains continuing to the south or from the south to the north to reverse. The new central station became the second major transport hub of Heidelberg.
Heidelberg has had a public transport service since 1883, when horse-drawn trams were established. Due to the rapidly rising patronage it was decided on 20 December 1901 to convert the
Heidelberg tramway network
to electrical operation. On 16 March 1902, the first electric tram ran on Rohrbacher Straße, sharing use of the suburban tracks built by the
Deutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft
in 1901 between Heidelberg and
Wiesloch
. Until the 1950s, the tram network was expanded a bit at a time. The rapidly growing popularity of car transport presented the operator of the trams with increasingly difficult problems and the tram network was gradually dismantled. It was not until 10 December 2006 that the network was extended again with the opening of a new tram line from
Kirchheim
. Tram and bus services are now operated by
Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr
(RNV). Since 1989, all fares are set under a uniform scheme by the
Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar
(Rhine-Neckar Transport Association, VRN).
Carsharing
increasingly provides a complement to public transport. More than 50 car-sharing stations are available to users in 12 of the 14 districts of Heidelberg offering a total of more than 100 cars.
Since 14 December 2003, Heidelberg has been connected to the network of the
Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn
, which opens up the entire Rhine-Neckar region, with lines connecting with the
Palatinate
, the
Saarland
, and southern
Hesse
.
The
Heidelberger Bergbahn
(Heidelberg Mountain Railway) has run since 2005 with new cars on the lower part from Kornmarkt to Molkenkur and historic cars built in 1907 on the upper section of the
funicular
from Molkenkur to
Konigstuhl
. It is one of the most popular means to reach
Heidelberg Castle
. The first plans for the funicular were drawn up in 1873. Due to a lack of funds, the first section of the funicular was not opened until 1890. In 2004, the upper section of the funicular was listed as part of the heritage of the state of Baden-Wurttemberg.
United States military installations
[
edit
]
During World War II, Heidelberg was one of the few major cities in Germany not significantly damaged by Allied bombing. Situated in the
American Zone
of Germany, Heidelberg became the headquarters of the American forces in Europe. The main military facilities were
Campbell Barracks
, the former Wehrmacht Grossdeutschland-Kaserne, which housed the US Army, Europe (
USAREUR
) and
NATO
's Component Command-Land Headquarters. (Until 2004, this was designated Joint Headquarters Centre, and before that, LANDCENT).
Campbell Barracks and
Mark Twain Village
were both in Sudstadt; Patton Barracks was in nearby Kirchheim. Nachrichten Kaserne in Rohrbach was home to the former Heidelberg Army Hospital, later designated the Heidelberg Health Center.
Patrick Henry Village
, the largest U.S. military housing area in the Heidelberg area, was west of Kirchheim. These installations, including Tompkins Barracks and Kilbourne Kaserne in nearby Schwetzingen, plus the Germersheim Depot, made up the U.S. Army Garrison Heidelberg. Tompkins Barracks was home to
U.S. Army Installation Management Command Europe Region
Archived
12 December 2012 at
archive.today
. The Heidelberg U.S. Army Air Field (Heidelberg AAF) was converted to an heliport (mostly Blackhawk Helicopters) after the
NATO
Kosovo
campaign.
The children of
United States Department of Defense
employees based in Heidelberg attended on-base schools operated by the DODDS-E (Department of Defense Dependents Schools ? Europe). There were three schools of this kind:
Heidelberg High School
in Mark Twain Village (Mark Twain Elementary School closed at the completion of the 2010?2011 school year), and
Heidelberg Middle School
and Patrick Henry Elementary in Patrick Henry Village.
[35]
On 19 October 2009, the U.S. Army announced that it would be building new headquarters for USAREUR in
Wiesbaden
. The move from Heidelberg took place in 2012 and 2013, and was completed in 2014.
[36]
By 2015 all United States forces had left Heidelberg. The barracks and the housing areas were returned to the German state for conversion to civilian use.
Culture
[
edit
]
Events
[
edit
]
Several festivals and events hosted and organized in Heidelberg throughout the year. In February, the
Ball der Vampire
(
Ball of the Vampires
)
[37]
is arranged and
Fasching
, the equivalent of Mardi Gras or Carnival in some German regions, with a giant vampire-themed costume party at the local castle or city hall is celebrated. In March or April the
Heidelberger Fruhling
, the Classic Music Festival and the international Easter egg market are conducted. During the last weekend of April there is an annually organized half marathon. In the summertime there are the
Fruhlingsmesse
on the Messeplatz (May) and Illumination of the castle and bridge with lights and fireworks take place. In September, on the last Saturday the
Old Town Autumn Festival
is held.
[38]
It includes a Medieval Market, an arts and crafts market, a flea market, and music from Samba to Rock. During October or November there are the
Heidelberger Theater Days
and the
Enjoy Jazz
festival. Every year in November the
International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg
take place in the city, too. The festival presents arthouse films of international newcomer directors and is held jointly by both of the cities.
[39]
During Christmas there is a Christmas market throughout the oldest part of the city. A famous gift is the chocolate called Heidelberger
Studentenkuss
(
student kiss
)
.
Cinemas
[
edit
]
The nationwide trend of cinema closures hit Heidelberg harder than many other places in Germany.
[40]
[41]
[42]
Recent years saw the low-point of this development, when in this city of over 150,000 people there were just three small cinemas left, with a total capacity of under 450 seats.
[43]
The situation has slightly improved since late 2017, when Heidelberg got a new multiplex adjacent to the new Bahnstadt development, the "Luxor Filmpalast".
Luxor shows mainly
Blockbuster movies
in German, but some showings in English are on offer for selected films.
[44]
The small 2-screen cinema "Gloria/Gloriette" (Old Town), together with the affiliated "Kamera" (Neuenheim) offers arthouse and independent films, with some showings being offered in the films original language, usually with German subtitles.
[45]
The non-profit "Karlstorkino" (at the far eastern edge of the Old Town, next to the river) offers international arthouse fare and the occasional documentary. The vast majority of non-German films at this cinema are shown in their original language with either English or German subtitles, depending on the film.
[46]
Museums and exhibitions
[
edit
]
Among the most prominent museums of Heidelberg are for instance the Carl Bosch Museum which shows life and work of chemist and Nobel Prize-winner
Carl Bosch
. Then there is the
Documentation and Culture Centre of German Sinti and Roma
(Dokumentations- und Kulturzentrum Deutscher Sini und Roma) describing the Nazi genocide of the
Sinti
and
Roma
peoples. The German Packing Museum (Deutsches Verpackungsmuseum) gives an overview of the history of packing and wrapping goods, whereas the German Pharmacy Museum (Deutsches Apothekenmuseum) which is located in the castle illustrates the history of Pharmacy in Germany. The
Kurpfalzisches Museum
(
Palatinate Museum
)
offers a great art collection and some Roman archeological artifacts from the region. In honour of
Friedrich Ebert
the
President Friedrich Ebert Memorial
, which commemorates the life of Germany's first democratic head of state, was established. Besides, there are guided tours in most of the historical monuments of Heidelberg, as well as organized tourist tours through the city available in several languages.
Heidelberg Romanticism
[
edit
]
Heidelberg was the centre of the epoch of
Romantik
(
Romanticism
) in Germany. The phase after
Jena Romanticism
is often called
Heidelberg Romanticism
(see also
Berlin Romanticism
). There was a famous circle of poets (the
Heidelberg Romantics
), such as
Joseph von Eichendorff
,
Johann Joseph von Gorres
,
Ludwig Achim von Arnim
, and
Clemens Brentano
. A relic of Romanticism is the Philosophers' Walk (German:
Philosophenweg
), a scenic walking path on the nearby Heiligenberg, overlooking Heidelberg.
The
Romantik
epoch of German philosophy and literature, was described as a movement against classical and realistic theories of literature, a contrast to the rationality of the
Age of Enlightenment
. It elevated
medievalism
and elements of art and narrative perceived to be from the medieval period. It also emphasized folk art, nature, and an epistemology based on nature, which included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom. and usage.
Old Heidelberg
[
edit
]
In 1901
Wilhelm Meyer-Forster
wrote the play
Old Heidelberg
which was followed by a large number of film adaptations. It was the basis for
Sigmund Romberg
's 1924 operetta
The Student Prince
which was itself turned into a
film of the same title
.
I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg
[
edit
]
The 1925 song "I Lost My Heart in Heidelberg" composed by
Fred Raymond
was a major hit and inspired a stage musical and two films. It remains the theme song of Heidelberg.
Sport
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is one of the centres of
Rugby union in Germany
, along with
Hanover
. In
2008?09
, four out of nine clubs in the
Rugby-Bundesliga
were from Heidelberg, these being
RG Heidelberg
, who play at the
Fritz-Grunebaum-Sportpark
,
SC Neuenheim
,
Heidelberger RK
, and
TSV Handschuhsheim
.
Heidelberger TV
has a rugby department.
Rugby League Deutschland
has two teams based in Heidelberg, Heidelberg Sharks formed in 2005 and Rohrbach Hornets formed in 2007.
The city is also home to the
USC Heidelberg
(Academics Heidelberg), which won 9
German Basketball Championships
and remains the second most successful team in the history of German professional basketball. Today, the club plays in Germany's second division
ProA
. It is primarily known for its youth department which developed several members of
Germany's senior national basketball team
.
SG Heidelberg-Kirchheim
is the local
football
team.
The city hosted
1972 Summer Paralympics
.
They also hosted the 2019 WU24 Championships from 13 to 20 July. It was the fifth edition of this world championship and marked the third time Germany has hosted an
ultimate frisbee
tournament.
[47]
Further, Germany's oldest tennis club, which was founded in the year 1890, is located in Heidelberg.
Twin towns ? sister cities
[
edit
]
Heidelberg is
twinned
with:
[48]
Friendly cities
[
edit
]
Heidelberg also has friendly relations with:
In popular culture
[
edit
]
Popular movies, TV and games
[
edit
]
- Heidelberg appears, in fact, in the manga comic
Monster (manga)
, by
Naoki Urasawa
. Heidelberg appears, too, in its correspondent adapatation to the anime
Monster (TV)
- Heidelberg features in the 1968 film
The Girl on a Motorcycle
, the university being the ultimate destination of
Marianne Faithfull
's character.
- Heidelberg also features during a mission in the
Electronic Arts
strategy game
Red Alert 3
.
- Morris from America
takes places in Heidelberg.
- In the
Watchmen
TV series which serves as alternate direct sequels to the original
Watchmen
graphic novel, Dr. Manhattan aka Jonathan "Jon" Osterman aka Calvin "Cal" Abar (ne Jelani), is said to be born in Heidelberg, Germany and immigrates to the US along with his father.
- Heidelberg is also revealed to be the home town of
Sergeant Schultz
on
Hogan's Heroes
.
- in a
Hallmark Channel
movie:
A Heidelberg Holiday
. (15 November 2023)
- In the sitcom
The Big Bang Theory
,
Sheldon Cooper
said he went to
Heidelberg University
as a visiting professor when he was a teenager.
Popular literature
[
edit
]
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Jan Hatzius
, (born 1968), economist and chief economist at Goldman Sachs
- Ernst Albrecht
(1930?2014), politician (CDU), Minister-president of Lower Saxony, father of
Ursula von der Leyen
- Jill Asemota
, German-Nigerian model
- Nico Bastian
(born 1990), racing driver
- Bettina Belitz
(born 1973), writer and journalist
- Petar Beron
(1799?1871), Bulgarian educator
- Arvid Boecker
(born 1964) painter and curator
- Carl Bosch
(1874?1940) chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
- Jackson Browne
(born 1948), singer-songwriter and musician born here
- Robert Bunsen
(1811?1899), German chemist
- Hubert Burda
(born 1940), journalist and publisher
- Marcel Cartier
(born 1984 in Heidelberg), battlefield journalist, communist, expert of Kurdish politics, and hip-hop artist
- Antje Duvekot
(born 1976), singer-songwriter
- Friedrich Ebert
(1871?1925), President of Germany 1919?1925
- Marc S. Ellenbogen
(born 1963), Member of National Advisory Board, U.S. Democratic Party (2004?2010), nominated by President Barack Obama to be U.S. Ambassador
- Michael Fassbender
(born 1977), German-Irish actor born here
- Hansi Flick
(born 1965), football player and manager of the
Germany national football team
- Frederick V
(1596?1632), Count Palatine and Elector of the Palatinate from 1610 to 1623 and King of Bohemia (as
Frederick I
) from 1619 to 1620
- Bernhard Fries
(1820?1879), painter
- Ernst Fries
(1801?1833), painter
- Hans-Georg Gadamer
(1900?2002), philosopher
- Ian Harding
(born 1986), actor
- Harald zur Hausen
(1936?2023),
virologist
,
Nobel laureate
- Nico Hofmann
(born 1959), film director, film producer, screenwriter and businessman
- Dietmar Hopp
(born 1940), software entrepreneur
SAP
- Muhammad Iqbal
(1877?1938),
British Indian
poet, philosopher
- Ernst Junger
(1895?1998), German author, officer, botanist and entomologist, famous for his World War I memoir Storm of Steel
- Wolfgang Ketterle
(born 1957), physicist, professor at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
,
Nobel Laureate
- Paul Kirchhof
(born 1943), former justice of the
Federal Constitutional Court
(
Bundesverfassungsgericht
)
- Jens Klingmann
(born 1990), racing driver
- Hans Kroh
(1907?1967), German officer in Wehrmacht and Bundeswehr
- Karl A. Lamers
(born 1951), politician, former President of the
NATO Parliamentary Assembly
- Ananda Mahidol
(1925?1946), King of Thailand
- Helene Mayer
(1910?1953), German and American Olympic champion fencer
- Malaika Mihambo
(born 1994), Olympic champion in long jump (
2020
) and twice world champion (
2019
and
2022
)
- Heinrich Neal
(1870?1940), composer, directed the Heidelberg Conservatory of Music
- Jon Osterman
(1929?2019), fictional character from the book
Watchmen
and its
HBO sequel series
- Nelson Piquet Jr.
(born 1985), Brazilian race car driver and former
Formula One
driver born here
- Vasil Radoslavov
(1854?1929), Bulgarian Prime Minister
- Paul Ripke
(born 1981), photographer
- Jose Rizal
(1861?1896), national hero of the
Philippines
- Khalid Robinson
(born 1998), American singer
- Max Schloessinger
(1877?1944), scholar
- Christiane Schmidtmer
(1939?2003), Hollywood actress and model
- Bernd Schmitt
(born 1957), marketing professor at
Columbia University
- Klaus Schutz
(1926?2012), politician (SPD)
- Elisabeth Seitz
(born 1993), Olympic gymnast
- Silvia Renate Sommerlath
(born 1943),
Queen of Sweden
- Albert Speer
(1905?1981), German architect and
Third Reich minister
- Ferdinand Thomas
[
de
]
(1913?1944), resistance fighter
- Ashley Wagner
(born 1991), American figure skater
- Volker Weidler
(born 1962), racing driver
- Andreas Wirth
(born 1984), racing driver
- Lucas Wolf
(born 1994), racing driver
- Karl Philipp von Wrede
(1767?1838), Bavarian field marshal
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Oberburgermeisterwahl Heidelberg 2022
, Staatsanzeiger.
- ^
"Bevolkerung nach Nationalitat und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022"
[Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022]
(CSV)
(in German).
Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Wurttemberg
. June 2023.
- ^
Albers, Jurgen.
"Daten und Fakten ? Studierende und Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs ? Universitat Heidelberg"
.
www.uni-heidelberg.de
. Retrieved
15 April
2018
.
- ^
Its latest overall ranking positions range from 5th to 18th in Europe; the peer review scores, reflecting academic esteem, are usually higher. It was never ranked outside Europe's top 20 by any major university ranking. See
rankings
.
- ^
Stiefel, Catherine.
"Non-University Research Institutions ? Heidelberg University"
.
www.uni-heidelberg.de
. Archived from
the original
on 9 December 2016
. Retrieved
11 January
2017
.
- ^
"Heidelberg-Rohrbach: Wein, Reben und Winzer"
. Hilfe-hd.de
. Retrieved
8 November
2012
.
- ^
Stefanie Wegener:
Verbreitung und Arealnutzung der Halsbandsittiche (Psittacula krameri) in Heidelberg
, published by: Ornithologische Gesellschaft Baden-Wurttemberg e. V.,
Ornithol. Jh. Bad.-Wurtt. 23: 39?55 (2007)
Archived
19 July 2011 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Konversion Heidelberg ? Startseite Konversion"
.
www.heidelberg.de
.
- ^
Mechthild Henneke:
Wetterextreme in Deutschland 2009
. In:
Sudkurier
, 28. April 2010
- ^
Kreisbeschreibung Bd. 1
, S. 54ff
- ^
"Das Klima in Heidelberg"
.
www.klimadiagramme.de
.
- ^
"Lufttemperatur: vieljahrige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020"
[Air Temperature: Long-term averages for 1991-2020].
dwd.de
(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
. Retrieved
23 February
2024
.
- ^
"Niederschlag: vieljahrige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020"
[Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020].
dwd.de
(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
. Retrieved
23 February
2024
.
- ^
"Sonnenscheindauer: vieljahrige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020"
[Sunshine: Long-term averages for 1991-2020].
dwd.de
(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
. Retrieved
23 February
2024
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (
link
)
- ^
Heike Hawicks / Ingo Runde: Heidelberg and the Holy See ? from the Late Medieval Reform Councils to the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate, in: 1517. Le universita e la Riforma protestante. Studi e ricerche nel quinto anniversario delle tesi luterane (Studi e ricerche sull'universita), ed. Simona Negruzzo, Bologna 2018, S. 33?54.
- ^
Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 289?90.
- ^
Hartmut Ellrich, Photographic Documents:
Das historische Heidelberg
. Imhof. ISBN 978-3-86568-505-6
- ^
Cser 2007
, pp. 209?10)
- ^
Cser 2007
, p. 229)
- ^
Cser 2007
, pp. 246?8
- ^
"Alfred Mombert"
.
Badische Landesbibliothek
(in German). Archived from
the original
on 19 September 2018
. Retrieved
19 September
2018
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
"Death Notice, Maj. Gen. William Beiderlinden"
.
St. Joseph News-Press
. St. Joseph, MO. 17 May 1981. p. 10 – via
Newspapers.com
.
- ^
Fink, Oliver (2005).
Kleine Heidelberger Stadtgeschichte
. Pustet.
ISBN
978-3-7917-1971-9
.
- ^
Remy 2002
, p. 240
- ^
George S. Patton#Accident and death
- ^
"Stadt untersagt Feier zur Walpurgisnacht"
. City of Heidelberg
. Retrieved
25 January
2022
.
- ^
"Mutmaßlicher Amoklauf auf Uni-Gelande in Heidelberg: Was wir wissen ? und was nicht"
[Suspected killing spree on university grounds in Heidelberg: what we know ? and what we don't].
SWR.de
(in German)
. Retrieved
24 January
2022
.
- ^
"Population of city of Heidelberg"
(in German). Statistical office of the state of Baden-Wurttemberg. Archived from
the original
on 7 December 2008
. Retrieved
25 July
2012
.
- ^
"Ergebnis Gemeinderatswahl 2014"
. Stadt Heidelberg
. Retrieved
23 June
2014
.
- ^
"Heidelberg, Stadt: Bevolkerung im regionalen Vergleich nach Religion (ausfuhrlich) in %"
. Statistische Amter des Bundes und der Lander, 2014. Archived from
the original
on 5 June 2013
. Retrieved
19 June
2020
.
- ^
"Muslime in den Großstadten beim Zensus 2011"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 21 June 2020
. Retrieved
19 June
2020
.
- ^
"Schloss Heidelberg: Staatliche Schlosser und Garten Baden-Wurttemberg"
.
www.schloss-heidelberg.de
. Retrieved
30 April
2018
.
- ^
[1]
Archived
27 September 2011 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Heidelberg: Stations"
. Travelinho.
- ^
Our Districts and Schools
Archived
14 August 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
Dependents Schools Europe website, accessed: 19 April 2009
- ^
Heidelberg, Mannheim to close by 2015
Archived
30 March 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
, HeraldPost Vol. 35 No. 38, accessed: 22 October 2011.
- ^
[2]
Archived
30 October 2010 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Heidelberger Herbst"
.
www.heidelberg-marketing.de
. Retrieved
25 August
2019
.
- ^
"Internationales FilmFestival Mannheim-Heidelberg |"
. Mannheim-filmfestival.com. 18 October 2012
. Retrieved
8 November
2012
.
- ^
"Der angekundigte Tod des Heidelberger Kinos"
.
www.rnz.de
(in German)
. Retrieved
25 August
2019
.
- ^
"Stadt Heidelberg ? Stadtblatt Online"
.
ww2.heidelberg.de
. Retrieved
25 August
2019
.
- ^
"Kinosterben geht weiter"
.
2006?2013.ruprecht.de
(in German)
. Retrieved
25 August
2019
.
- ^
Germany, Stuttgarter Zeitung, Stuttgart.
"Film-Krise in Heidelberg: Dem Kinosterben soll entgegnet werden"
.
stuttgarter-zeitung.de
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ^
heidelberg-bahnstadt-teileroeffnung-vom-kino-luxor-filmpalast-am-23-november-9388433.html
- ^
"GLORIA ? GLORIETTE ? DIE KAMERA | Original Versions"
.
www.gloria-kamera-kinos.de
.
- ^
"Original Versions / Originalversionen"
.
www.karlstorkino.de
.
- ^
"WFDF announces that the WFDF 2019 World Under-24 Ultimate Championships will be in Heidelberg, GER"
.
wfdf.org
. 22 May 2018
. Retrieved
11 May
2019
.
- ^
"Partnerstadte"
.
heidelberg.de
(in German). Heidelberg
. Retrieved
13 February
2021
.
- ^
Whisp, Kennilworthy (2001).
Quidditch Through the Ages
. WhizzHard Books. pp.
31?46
.
ISBN
1-55192-454-4
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Cser, Andreas (2007).
Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Heidelberg und ihrer Universitat
[
Short history of the city of Heidelberg and its University
] (in German). Karlsruhe: Verlag G. Braun.
ISBN
978-3-7650-8337-2
.
- Remy, Steven P. (2002).
The Heidelberg Myth: The Nazification and Denazification of a German University
. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
ISBN
0-674-00933-9
.
- "Heidelberg"
,
The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance
, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1882,
OCLC
7416969
- "Heidelberg"
,
The Rhine, including the Black Forest & the Vosges
, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911,
OCLC
21888483
External links
[
edit
]
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