2001 film by Ridley Scott
Hannibal
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Theatrical release poster
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Directed by
| Ridley Scott
|
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Screenplay by
| |
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Based on
| Hannibal
by
Thomas Harris
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Produced by
| |
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Starring
| |
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Cinematography
| John Mathieson
|
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Edited by
| Pietro Scalia
|
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Music by
| Hans Zimmer
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Production
companies
| |
---|
Distributed by
| |
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Release date
|
- 9 February 2001
(
2001-02-09
)
|
---|
Running time
| 132 minutes
[3]
|
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Countries
|
- United States
[1]
- United Kingdom
|
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Language
| English
|
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Budget
| $87 million
[4]
|
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Box office
| $351.6 million
[4]
|
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Hannibal
is a 2001 American
psychological
horror
crime thriller film
directed by
Ridley Scott
and based on the
1999 novel
by
Thomas Harris
. A sequel to the 1991 film
The Silence of the Lambs
, the plot follows disgraced
FBI
special agent
Clarice Starling
as she attempts to apprehend cannibalistic serial killer
Hannibal Lecter
before his surviving victim,
Mason Verger
, captures him.
Anthony Hopkins
reprises his role as Lecter, while
Julianne Moore
replaces
Jodie Foster
as Starling and
Gary Oldman
plays Verger.
Ray Liotta
,
Frankie R. Faison
,
Giancarlo Giannini
, and
Francesca Neri
also star.
Harris published
Hannibal
eleven years after the publication of
The Silence of the Lambs
(1988). Scott became attached while directing
Gladiator
(2000), and signed on after reading the script pitched by
Dino De Laurentiis
, who had produced
Manhunter
(1986), the first Lecter film.
David Mamet
and
Steven Zaillian
wrote the screenplay, and principal photography commenced in May 2000, lasting sixteen weeks.
Hannibal
was released on 9 February 2001, ten years after
The Silence of the Lambs
. It was highly anticipated and broke box office records in the United States, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom,
[5]
and grossed $351.6 million during its theatrical run. It received mixed reviews;
[6]
critics praised the performances and visuals, but deemed it inferior to
The Silence of the Lambs
and criticized its violence. It was followed by a prequel,
Red Dragon
, in 2002, with Hopkins reprising his role as Lecter and
Brett Ratner
taking over as director.
Plot
[
edit
]
A decade after tracking down serial killer
Jame Gumb
,
[a]
FBI
Special Agent
Clarice Starling
is blamed for a botched drug raid that resulted in the deaths of five people. Starling is contacted by
Mason Verger
, the only surviving victim of
cannibalistic
serial killer
Hannibal Lecter
, who has been missing since escaping custody. A wealthy
child molester
, Verger was paralyzed and disfigured by Lecter and has been pursuing an elaborate scheme to capture, torture, and kill Lecter ever since. Using his wealth and political influence, Verger has Starling reassigned to Lecter's case, hoping her involvement will draw Lecter out.
After learning of Starling's disgrace, Lecter sends her a letter. A perfume expert identifies the fragrance on the letter: skin cream with ingredients only available to a few shops in the world. In
Florence
, Chief Inspector Rinaldo
Pazzi
questions Lecter about a case. Lecter is now masquerading as Dr. Fell, a library assistant curator and caretaker.
Recognizing Lecter from the police surveillance tape Starling requested, Pazzi learns of Verger's $3 million personal bounty on Lecter. Seeking the money, he attempts to capture Lecter alone. Lecter severs the
femoral artery
of the pickpocket Pazzi recruited, then baits Pazzi into a room of the
Palazzo Vecchio
,
disembowels
him, and hangs him from the balcony. He also kills a Verger henchman.
Verger bribes
Justice Department
official Paul Krendler to accuse Starling of not disclosing a note from Lecter, leading to her suspension. Lecter gets Starling to come to
Union Station
while speaking with her through mobile phones. Verger's men, having trailed Starling, capture and bring Lecter to Verger. Verger intends to feed Lecter alive to a herd of mutated
wild boars
bred for this purpose. Starling infiltrates Verger's estate and frees Lecter but is shot by a guard. The boars devour the two guards but ignore Lecter. Verger orders his physician Cordell Doemling to shoot Lecter, but Doemling shoves his hated boss into the pen instead as Lecter offers to take the blame. Lecter then carries an unconscious Starling away while Verger is eaten alive by his own boars.
Lecter treats Starling's wound at Krendler's secluded lake house before drugging Krendler. Starling, disoriented by
morphine
and wearing a cocktail dress Lecter put on her, awakens to find Krendler seated at the table for an elegant dinner. She watches in horror as Lecter opens Krendler's
skull
, removes part of his
brain
,
sautes
it, and feeds Krendler's own brain to him. Starling tries to attack Lecter, but he overpowers and kisses her. She uses the distraction to handcuff his wrist to hers. Hearing the police, Lecter raises a cleaver over her hand. After, Starling surrenders to the FBI with both her hands intact.
On a flight, Lecter, his arm bandaged in a
sling
, shares Krendler's cooked brain with a curious boy watching him eat, saying it is important to "try new things.”
Cast
[
edit
]
Development
[
edit
]
The Silence of the Lambs
, based on
the 1988 novel
by
Thomas Harris
, was released in 1991 to critical and commercial success, winning five
Academy Awards
.
[7]
Harris spent several years writing a sequel novel;
Silence of the Lambs
director
Jonathan Demme
expressed interest in developing a film adaptation when the novel was complete.
[8]
The film rights to the Lecter character were owned by producer couple
Dino De Laurentiis
and
Martha De Laurentiis
. After producing the first Lecter film,
Manhunter
,
in 1986, they allowed
Orion Pictures
to produce
The Silence of the Lambs
free without their involvement. When
The Silence of the Lambs
became a success, the couple became eager for a new Lecter novel they could adapt. After a lengthy wait, De Laurentiis received a call from Harris telling him he had finished the novel and De Laurentiis purchased the
rights
for a record $10 million.
[9]
In April 1999, the
Los Angeles Times
reported that the budget for an adaptation of
Hannibal
could cost as much as $100 million. It speculated that both
Jodie Foster
and
Anthony Hopkins
would receive $15 million each to reprise their roles and that Demme would receive $5 million to $19 million. Mort Janklow, Harris's agent at the time, told the
Los Angeles Times
that Foster, Hopkins, and Demme would soon receive manuscripts of the novel, claiming it would make an unbelievable film.
[10]
The novel sold out of its initial 1.6 million
print run
in 1999,
[11]
and went on to sell millions of copies.
[12]
Demme declined the invitation to direct,
[8]
as he reportedly found the material lurid
[13]
and too gory.
[14]
In the 2010
Biography Channel
documentary
Inside Story: The Silence of the Lambs
, Demme said: "Tom Harris, as unpredictable as ever, took Clarice and Dr. Lecter's relationship in a direction that just didn't compute for me. And Clarice is drugged up, and she's eating brains with him, and I just thought, 'I can't do this.'"
[15]
De Laurentiis said of Demme's decision to decline: "When the pope dies, we create a new pope. Good luck to Jonathan Demme. Good-bye."
[9]
He later said that Demme felt he could not make a sequel as good as
The Silence of the Lambs
.
[16]
Ridley Scott
[
edit
]
De Laurentiis visited
Ridley Scott
on the set of
Gladiator
and suggested he direct
Hannibal
.
[16]
Scott, who was conducting
principal photography
on
Gladiator,
thought De Laurentiis was speaking about
the Carthaginian general
and replied: "Dino, I'm doing a Roman epic right now. I don't wanna do elephants coming over the Alps next, old boy."
[8]
Scott read the manuscript in four sittings within a week, seeing it as a "symphony", and expressed his desire to direct.
[8]
He said: "I haven't read anything so fast since
The Godfather
. It was so rich in all kinds of ways."
[11]
Scott had reservations with the ending of the novel, in which Lecter and Starling become lovers: "I couldn't take that quantum leap emotionally on behalf of Starling. Certainly, on behalf of Hannibal?I'm sure that's been in the back of his mind for a number of years. But for Starling, no. I think one of the attractions about Starling to Hannibal is what a straight arrow she is."
[11]
He also did not find the book believable after the opera scene, "which became like a vampire movie". Harris gave Scott permission to change the ending.
[11]
Writing
[
edit
]
Ted Tally
, screenwriter for
The Silence of the Lambs
, was another key member of the
Silence of the Lambs
team to decline involvement. Tally, like Demme, had problems with the novel's "excesses".
[13]
David Mamet
was the first screenwriter to produce a draft, which, according to Scott and the producers, needed major revisions.
[9]
Stacey Snider
, co-chairman of
Universal Pictures
, said: "There's no way David was going to read 15 pages of our notes and then be available to work on the script day-to-day."
[17]
A script review at ScreenwritersUtopia.com describes the Mamet draft as "stunningly bad" but found Zaillian's rewrite "gripping entertainment".
[18]
Scott praised Mamet as fast and efficient, but said he passed on his draft because it needed work and he feared Mamet, who was soon directing his own film,
[9]
would be too busy to redraft it.
[11]
Steven Zaillian
, writer of
Schindler's List
, initially declined to write
Hannibal
, saying he was busy and that "you can almost never win when you do a sequel".
[9]
He changed his mind, as "it's hard to say no to Dino once and it's almost impossible to say no to him twice".
[9]
Scott said there were "very few rewrites once I brought in Steve Zaillian ... If you were to ask who were the best three screenwriters in the business, Steve Zaillian would be one of them. We discussed
Hannibal
endlessly."
[11]
One of Zaillian's key objectives was to revise Mamet's script until it pleased all parties, meaning that the "love story" would be told by suggestion instead of by "assault".
[19]
Scott worked through the script with Zaillian for 28 days, making him "sweat through it with him and discuss every inch of the way with him". After 25 days, Scott realized that Zaillian was "exorcising the 600 pages of the book. He was distilling through discussion what he was gonna finally do ... Frankly I could have just made it."
[8]
Casting
[
edit
]
It was unclear if Jodie Foster (
Clarice Starling
) and Anthony Hopkins (
Hannibal Lecter
) would reprise their respective roles for which they won Academy Awards in
The Silence of the Lambs
(
Best Actress
/
Best Actor
). Both Hopkins and Foster had expressed interest.
[10]
It became apparent that the producers and the studio could do without one of the original "stars" and would go on to find a replacement. The withdrawal of both Foster and Hopkins could possibly have been terminal for the project, however. De Laurentiis confirmed this after the film's release: "First and foremost, I knew we had no movie without Anthony Hopkins."
[16]
Involvement of Jodie Foster
[
edit
]
Foster told
Larry King
in 1997 that she "would definitely be part of" a sequel to
The Silence of the Lambs
.
[11]
In the same year, she told
Entertainment Weekly
:
"Anthony Hopkins always talks about it. I mean, everybody wants to do it. Every time I see him, it's like: 'When is it going to happen? When is it going to happen?'"
[20]
De Laurentiis thought Foster would decline once she read the book, and believed the final film was better for it.
[8]
Hopkins also had doubts Foster would be involved, saying he had a "hunch" she would not be.
[8]
Foster confirmed that she had turned down the film in December 1999.
[21]
This caused problems for
Universal
and production partner
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
.
[9]
[20]
"The studio is just back from the holiday and is regrouping based on the news, and has no cohesive game plan at the moment," said Kevin Misher, Universal's President of Production.
[9]
Misher added that, "It was one of those moments when you sit down and think, 'Can Clarice be looked upon as
James Bond
for instance? A character who is replaceable?' Or was Jodie Foster Clarice Starling, and the audience will not accept anyone else?"
[9]
Foster said in December 1999 that the characterization of Starling in
Hannibal
had "negative attributes" and "betrayed" the original character.
[21]
Foster's spokeswoman said she declined because
Claire Danes
had become available for Foster's film
Flora Plum
.
[22]
Entertainment Weekly
described the
Hannibal
project as having become "a bloody mess, hemorrhaging talent and money" despite Hopkins being on board.
[20]
In 2005, after the film had been released, Foster told
Total Film
: "The official reason I didn't do
Hannibal
is I was doing another movie,
Flora Plum
. So I get to say, in a nice dignified way, that I wasn't available when that movie was being shot ... Clarice meant so much to Jonathan and I, she really did, and I know it sounds kind of strange to say but there was no way that either of us could really trample on her."
[23]
Julianne Moore as Clarice Starling
[
edit
]
When it became clear that Foster would skip
Hannibal
, the
production team
considered several different actresses,
[8]
including
Cate Blanchett
,
Angelina Jolie
,
Gillian Anderson
,
Hilary Swank
,
Ashley Judd
,
Helen Hunt
and
Julianne Moore
.
[9]
Hopkins asked his agent if he had any "power" over casting. He informed De Laurentiis that he knew Moore, with whom he had worked on
Surviving Picasso
, and thought her a "terrific actress".
[8]
Although Hopkins' agent told him he had no contractual influence on casting, Scott thought it correct to discuss who would be Hopkins' "leading lady".
[8]
Scott said he was "really surprised to find that [he] had five of the top actresses in Hollywood wanting it."
[11]
Scott said his decision was swayed in favor of Moore: "She is a true chameleon. She can be a lunatic in
Magnolia
, a vamp in
An Ideal Husband
, a porn star in
Boogie Nights
and a romantic in
The End of the Affair
."
[11]
"Julianne Moore, once Jodie decided to pass, was always top of my list," said Scott on his female lead.
[24]
Moore talked about stepping into a role made famous by another actress: "The new Clarice would be very different. Of course people are going to compare my interpretation with that of Jodie Foster's ... but this film is going to be very different."
[25]
Anthony Hopkins as Hannibal Lecter
[
edit
]
Hopkins was generally expected to reprise his Academy Award-winning role. Hopkins said in June 1999 that he would only be interested if the script was "really good".
[
citation needed
]
[26]
[
better source needed
]
Hopkins said he could not make up his mind to commit: "I was kind of surprised by this book,
Hannibal
. I thought it was really overreaching and so bizarre. So I couldn't make up my mind about it all. Some of it I found intriguing, some I was a little doubtful about."
[8]
When the producers confirmed that they were going to film Harris' novel, Hopkins told them yes, but added: "It needs some condensing."
[8]
The Hollywood Reporter
confirmed that Hopkins had agreed to reprise his role in late December 1999, saying he had approved the latest draft of the script.
[27]
Hopkins said he had no difficulty moving back into "Lecter's mind". "I just learned the lines and showed up and walked around as Hannibal Lecter. I thought, 'Do I repeat that same performance, or do I vary it?' Ten years had passed so I changed a bit."
[9]
In the book, Lecter uses bandages to disguise himself as a
plastic surgery
patient. This was left out of the film because Scott and Hopkins agreed to leave the face alone.
[28]
Hopkins said: "It's as if he's making a statement?'catch me if you can'. With his big hat, he's so obvious that nobody thinks he's Hannibal Lecter. I've always thought he's a very elegant man, a
Renaissance man
."
[28]
In the film, Lecter is first seen in Florence "as the classical Lecter, lecturing and being smooth", according to Hopkins.
[29]
When the film moves to the US, Hopkins changed his appearance by building up muscle and cropping his hair short "to make him like a
mercenary
, that he would be so fit and so strong that he could just snap somebody in two if they got ... in his way".
[29]
Gary Oldman as Mason Verger
[
edit
]
The part of Mason Verger, one of Lecter's two surviving victims, was originally offered to
Christopher Reeve
based on his work as a police officer who uses a wheelchair in
Above Suspicion
(1995). Not having read the novel, Reeve showed initial interest in the role, but ultimately declined upon realizing that Verger was a quadriplegic, facially-disfigured child rapist.
[30]
[31]
The part was later accepted by secondary choice
Gary Oldman
. Co-producer Martha De Laurentiis claimed they had a "funny situation" with Oldman wanting a prominent "credit". She said: "Now how can you have a prominent credit with
Hannibal
? The characters are Hannibal and Clarice Starling. So we really couldn't work something out (at first)." Oldman was apparently "out" of the film for a while, but then came back in, asking to go "unbilled". Oldman would become transformed and "unrecognizable as himself" to play the part of Verger. He would have no lips, cheeks or eyelids. Make-up artist
Greg Cannom
said: "It's really disgusting ... I've been showing people pictures [of Oldman as Verger], and they all just say 'Oh my God,' and walk away, which makes me very happy."
[9]
Oldman said that having his name completely removed from the billing and credits allowed him to "do it anonymously" under the heavy make-up.
[32]
Further casting
[
edit
]
Other stars subsequently cast included
Ray Liotta
as
U.S. Justice Department
official Paul Krendler (the character had appeared in
The Silence of the Lambs
, but original actor
Ron Vawter
had died in the interim) and Italian actor
Giancarlo Giannini
as Detective Rinaldo Pazzi.
Francesca Neri
played Pazzi's wife, Allegra.
Frankie Faison
reprised his role as orderly Barney Matthews, remaining the only actor to play a role in all
Lecter
feature films (until
Hannibal Rising
in 2007), including
Manhunter
.
Key production crew
[
edit
]
Scott recruited the key production crew whom he had worked with previously. Production designer Norris Spencer had worked on
Thelma & Louise
,
Black Rain
and
1492: Conquest of Paradise
. Cinematographer
John Mathieson
, editor
Pietro Scalia
and composer
Hans Zimmer
had all worked on Scott's previous film
Gladiator
.
[33]
Production
[
edit
]
Background
[
edit
]
Hannibal
was filmed in 83 working days over 16 weeks.
[34]
The film began
production
on 8 May 2000 in
Florence
,
Italy
.
[34]
The film visited key locations in Florence and various locations around the United States.
[33]
Martha De Laurentiis said the film has almost a hundred locations and that it was a "constant pain of moving and dressing sets. But the locations were beautiful. Who could complain about being allowed to shoot in
Palazzo Vecchio
in Florence? Or President
James Madison
's farm in
Montpelier
or the amazing
Biltmore Estate
in
Asheville
?"
[33]
Eighty million dollars and a year and a half in production were spent before Scott got his first look at
Hannibal
in the editing room.
[35]
Filming locations
[
edit
]
- The whole second act of
Hannibal
takes place in
Florence
. Ridley Scott had never filmed there before, but described it as "quite an experience ... It was kind of organized chaos ... We were there at the height of tourist season."
[33]
Within Florence, the production would visit various
locations
such as the Palazzo Capponi (as Dr. Fell's workplace), the
Ponte Vecchio
, the
Palazzo Vecchio
, the Pharmacy of Santa Maria Novella and the
Cathedral
.
[33]
- After leaving Italy on 5 June 2000, the production moved to Washington, D.C. Filming took place over six days at
Union Station
.
[33]
The unusual sight of a
carousel
appeared in the transportation hub and shopping plaza at Ridley Scott's request.
[33]
- Filming lasted for seven weeks in
Richmond, Virginia
[33]
for the shootout in a crowded fish market (shot at Richmond Farmer's Market) early in the film.
Julianne Moore
underwent
FBI
training at the Bureau's headquarters before filming.
[33]
- A barn in Orange, Virginia, situated on the estate of President
James Madison
, was used to house 15 "performing hogs".
[33]
The 15 Russian boars used in the shoot were from a selection of around 6,000 that the animal wranglers observed.
[33]
- Biltmore Estate
in
Asheville, North Carolina
, the biggest privately owned estate in the US, was chosen to signify the huge personal wealth of
Mason Verger
.
[8]
Special make-up effects
[
edit
]
Make-up artist
Greg Cannom was pleased to be involved in
Hannibal
as it offered him the chance to produce "incredible and original make-ups".
[8]
For Mason Verger, the make-up team initially produced 20 different heads which looked like zombies and did not reflect the vision Scott had of the character. Scott wanted Verger to look real with hideous scarring, and not something from the "House of Wax".
[8]
Scott himself called on the help of expert doctors in an effort to get the look of the character as realistic as possible.
[8]
Scott showed the make-up team pictures of foetal things, which he thought touching; he wanted to make Mason Verger more touching than monstrous, as he thought of Verger as being someone who hadn't lost his sense of humour, almost sympathetic.
[8]
Oldman spent six hours a day in make-up to prepare for the role.
[8]
For one of the film's final and infamous scenes, an exact duplicate was created of the character Paul Krendler, played by
Ray Liotta
, a scene which blended make-up,
puppet
work and
CGI
in a way which Scott called "seamless".
[8]
Title sequence
[
edit
]
The main titles were designed by Nick Livesey, a graduate of the
Royal College of Art
who worked for one of Scott's production companies in London. The
sequence
, shot in
Florence
by Livesey himself, was intended as the film's second promotional trailer.
[8]
The studio thought it not "quite right", but it remained on Scott's mind and would eventually end up as the main title sequence.
[8]
Livesey gathered footage of pigeons in an empty square in Florence early one morning which, in the final cut, would
morph
into the face of Hannibal Lecter.
[8]
Scott believed it a good idea, as it fundamentally asked the question: 'Where is Hannibal Lecter?' Scott explains: "And of course this story tells it, with pigeons in the cobblestones of somewhere, where you wonder where that is ... and there he is... his face appears."
[8]
The titles are said to have been influenced by the film
Seven
.
[36]
Music
[
edit
]
Ridley Scott worked very closely with composer
Hans Zimmer
, during
post-production
on
Hannibal
.
[8]
Scott believes the music to a film is as important as
dialogue
?"It is the final adjustment to the screenplay, being able to also adjust the performance of the actors in fact."
[8]
Zimmer, and Scott sat in during the editing process with
editor
Pietro Scalia
to discuss scenes in the film and "not music".
The character Mason Verger had his own theme, which become more "perverted" as the film progressed, according to Zimmer.
[8]
Dante
's sonnet was put to music by
Patrick Cassidy
titled Vide cor Meum for the opera scene in
Florence
.
[37]
Tracksounds.com wrote positively of Zimmer's score. "Zimmer truly crafts a score worthy of most fans' full attention ... the classical elements, and yes, even the monologue combine to make this an intense listening experience."
[38]
In a poll by British
Classic FM
listeners to find the greatest film
soundtrack
of all time,
Hannibal
ranked at
No.
59.
[39]
Strauss
's
The Blue Danube
is also played at several points in the film.
Themes
[
edit
]
Romance
[
edit
]
Scott has said he believes the underlying emotion of
Hannibal
is "affection". "In some instances, you might even wonder or certainly from one direction?is it more than affection? It is dark, because the story is of course essentially dark, but it's kind of romantic at the same time."
[8]
Scott openly admits to a "romantic thematic" running through the film.
[8]
He told
CNN
that: "
Hannibal
was quite a different target, essentially a study between two individuals. Funny enough, it's rather romantic and also quite humorous, but also there's some quite bad behaviour as well."
[12]
During the opera scene in
Florence
, Lecter attends an operatic adaptation of one of
Dante
's
sonnets
, and meets with Detective Pazzi and his wife, Allegra. She asks Lecter, "Do you believe a man could become so obsessed by a woman after a single encounter?" Lecter replies: "Yes, I believe he could ... but would she see through the bars of his plight and ache for
him
?" This scene, in the film, is one which Scott claims most people "missed" the meaning of. It was in reference to Starling?to their encounter in
The Silence of the Lambs
.
[24]
The New York Times
, in its
review
of the film, said
Hannibal
, "toys" with the idea of "love that dare not speak its name".
[36]
Composer Hans Zimmer believed there were messages and subtext in each scene.
[8]
He said, "I can score this movie truly as a
Freudian
archetypal beauty and the beast
fairy tale
, as a
horror movie
, as the most elegant piece, on corruption in the American police force, as the loneliest woman on earth, the beauty in renaissance ..."
[8]
Zimmer ultimately believes it to be a dark love story, centering on two people who should never be together?a modern-day
Romeo and Juliet
.
[8]
During
post-production
, Scott, Zimmer and the editor passionately argued about the meaning of Starling's tear during a confrontation with Lecter. They could not agree if it was a tear of "anguish", "loneliness" or "disgust".
[8]
Scott told the
New York Post
that, the affair of the heart between Lecter and Starling is metaphorical.
[40]
Rolling Stone
magazine said in their review, "Scott offers a sly parody of relationships?think 'When Hannibal met Sally'."
[19]
Retribution and punishment
[
edit
]
Scott has said he believed Lecter, in his own way, was "pure", whose motivation is the search for "retribution and punishment".
[24]
"There is something very moral about Lecter in this film," said Scott in his audio commentary. "The behaviour of Hannibal is never insane?[I] didn't want to use that excuse. Is he insane? No, I think he's as sane as you or I. He just likes it."
[24]
Scott did say, however, "In our normal terms, he's truly evil."
[24]
Scott also brings up the notion of
absolution
in reference to Lecter towards the film's end.
[24]
Verger has one overriding objective in life: to capture Lecter and subject him to a slow, painful death.
[41]
Corruption
[
edit
]
Part of the story involves the character Rinaldo Pazzi (
Giancarlo Giannini
), a Florentine policeman who learns "Dr. Fell's" true identity and realizes that this knowledge could make him rich. His escalating abandonment of morality allows him to countenance and facilitate the death of a
Romani
pickpocket, egged on by the desire to have the best for his much younger wife.
[24]
There is a moment in the film when Pazzi becomes corrupted, despite being what Scott describes as "very thoughtful".
[24]
Release
[
edit
]
Marketing
[
edit
]
The first trailer appeared in theaters and was made available via the official website in early May 2000, over nine months before the film's release. As the film had only just begun production, footage was used from
The Silence of the Lambs
. A second trailer, which featured footage from the new film, was released in late November 2000. In marketing the film, Hopkins' portrayal of Hannibal Lecter was chosen as the unique selling point of
Hannibal
. "Mr Hopkins is the draw here", said
Elvis Mitchell
in a 2001
The New York Times
article.
[36]
A poster released in the UK to promote
Hannibal
, featuring Lecter with a "skin mask" covering the right side of his face, was quickly removed from circulation as it was deemed "too shocking and disturbing for the public."
[42]
[
better source needed
]
Upon its release,
Hannibal
was met with significant media attention,
[37]
[43]
with the film's stars and director making several appearances on television, in newspapers and in magazines.
[44]
In an article for
CBS News
, Jill Serjeant stated that "the long-awaited sequel to the grisly 1991 thriller
Silence of the Lambs
is cooking up the hottest Internet and media buzz since the 1999
Star Wars
'prequel'
."
[44]
Stars Anthony Hopkins and Julianne Moore made the covers of a number of magazines, including
Vanity Fair
,
[45]
Entertainment Weekly
,
[46]
Premiere
,
[43]
and
Empire
.
[47]
Distribution
[
edit
]
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
distributed the film in the United States and Canada, while Universal Pictures International handled international sales
[2]
, with
United International Pictures
handling distribution in most international territories except for Germany, Italy and Japan.
[48]
Home media
[
edit
]
Hannibal
was released on
VHS
and
DVD
on August 21, 2001,
[49]
and on
Blu-ray
on September 15, 2009.
[50]
A new transfer of the film was released on Blu-ray and
Ultra HD Blu-ray
by
Kino Lorber
on May 7, 2019.
[51]
[52]
Reception
[
edit
]
Box office
[
edit
]
Hannibal
grossed $58 million (U.S.) in its opening weekend from 3,230 screens. At the time, this was the third-biggest debut ever behind 1997's
The Lost World: Jurassic Park
and 1999's
Star Wars: Episode I ? The Phantom Menace
.
[53]
It went on to surpass
Scream 3
to have the highest debut in February.
[53]
That record was surpassed by
The Passion of the Christ
in 2004.
[54]
The film also had the largest opening weekend for an R-rated film, beating
Scary Movie
.
[55]
Hannibal
would hold this record until it was taken by
The Matrix Reloaded
in 2003.
[56]
Furthermore, it managed to beat out the Special Edition release of
Star Wars
to have the highest winter opening weekend.
[57]
Final domestic box office gross (U.S.) reached $165,092,268, with a worldwide gross of $351,692,268.
[4]
The film spent three weeks at
number one in the U.S. box office
chart, and four weeks at
number one in the UK
, and was the year's third highest-grossing film in that country behind
Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
and
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
.
[58]
In Italy, it grossed $4.6 million in its opening weekend, setting a record for a US release, beating
The Blair Witch Project
.
[59]
It also set a record opening week in the Netherlands with $1.3 million in six days, beating
Independence Day
. It also had the second biggest opening in Spain with $4.1 million in 6 days.
[60]
Hannibal
was the tenth highest-grossing film of the year worldwide.
[61]
Hannibal
also made over $87,000,000 in U.S.
video rentals
following release in August 2001.
[62]
Critical response
[
edit
]
The reviews for
Hannibal
were mixed.
[25]
[53]
[63]
On
Rotten Tomatoes
, the film holds an approval rating of 39% based on 171 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "While superbly acted and stylishly filmed,
Hannibal
lacks the character interaction between the two leads which made the first movie so engrossing."
[64]
On
Metacritic
, the film has a rating of 57 out of 100 from 36 reviews.
[6]
Audiences surveyed by
CinemaScore
gave the film a grade "C+" on scale of A to F.
[65]
Time
magazine wrote: "A banquet of creepy, gory or grotesque incidents is on display in
Hannibal
. But this superior sequel has romance in its dark heart."
[
citation needed
]
Empire
magazine gave it two out of five stars, calling it "laughable to just plain boring,
Hannibal
is toothless to the end."
[66]
David Thomson, writing in the
British Film Institute
magazine
Sight & Sound
, praised the film. "It works. It's smart, good-looking, sexy, fun ... dirty, naughty and knowing."
[63]
Thomson does make clear he is a great fan of director Ridley Scott's work.
[63]
He adds: "It is, literally, that Hannibal Lecter has become such a household joke that he can't be dreadful again. It seems clear that Anthony Hopkins and Scott saw that, and planned accordingly. That's how the movie was saved."
[63]
Variety
magazine in its review said "
Hannibal
is not as good as
Lambs
... ultimately more shallow and crass at its heart than its predecessor,
Hannibal
is nevertheless tantalizing, engrossing and occasionally startling."
[67]
A negative review in
The Guardian
claimed that what was wrong with the film was carried over from the book: "The result is an inflated, good-looking bore of a movie.
The Silence of the Lambs
was a marvelous thing. This, by contrast, is barely okey-dokey."
[68]
Roger Ebert
gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4, and described
Hannibal
as "a carnival geek show elevated in the direction of art. It never quite gets there, but it tries with every fiber of its craft to redeem its pulp origins, and we must give it credit for the courage of its depravity," and although he was "left with admiration for Scott's craft in pulling [it] off at all, and making it watchable", and praised the Mason Verger character as "a superb joining of skill and diabolical imagination," as well as Hopkins' performance as Lecter, which he described as "fascinating every second he is on the screen," he concluded, "I cannot approve of the movie, not because of its violence, which belongs to the
Grand Guignol
tradition, but because the underlying story lacks the fascination of
Silence of the Lambs
."
[69]
Differences from the novel
[
edit
]
According to
Variety
magazine, the script for
Hannibal
was: "quite faithful to the Harris blueprint; fans of the tome may regret the perhaps necessary excision of some characters, most notably Mason Verger's muscle-bound macho sister Margot, as well as the considerable fascinating academic detail, but will basically feel the book has been respected (yes, even the climactic dinner party is served up almost intact, with the only surprise twists saved for its wake)."
[67]
Time Out
noted: "The weight-watchers script sensibly dispenses with several characters to serve a brew that's enjoyably spicy but low on substance. So much story is squeezed into 131 minutes that little time's left for analysis or characterization."
[70]
Producer
Dino De Laurentiis
was asked why some characters, notably Jack Crawford, were left out of the film: "I think if you get a book which is 600 pages, you have to reduce it to a script of 100 pages. In two hours of film, you cannot possibly include all the characters. We set ourselves a limit, and cut characters which weren't so vital."
[71]
In the book, Mason Verger runs an orphanage, from which he calls children to verbally abuse as a substitute for his no longer being able to
molest
them. He also has a sister, Margot, whom he had raped when they were children and who is a lesbian. When she disclosed her
sexual orientation
to her family, their father disowned her. As she is sterile due to
steroid
abuse, Verger exerts some control over her by promising her a
semen
sample with which to impregnate her lover, who could then
inherit
the Verger fortune. At the book's end, Margot and Starling both help Lecter escape during a shootout between Starling and Verger's guards. Margot, at Lecter's advice, stimulates her brother to ejaculate with a rectally inserted
cattle prod
, and then kills him by ramming his pet
moray eel
down his throat.
The book's controversial ending has Lecter presenting Starling with the exhumed bones of her father, which he "brings to life" by
hypnotizing
Starling, allowing her to say goodbye. This forges an odd alliance between Starling and Lecter, culminating in their becoming lovers and escaping to
Argentina
. At the novel's end, Barney sees them at the
Teatro Colon
of
Buenos Aires
.
Also gone from the film are the flashbacks to Lecter's childhood, in which he sees his younger sister, Mischa, eaten by German deserters in 1944. These flashbacks formed the basis for the 2007 film
Hannibal Rising
(written concurrently with the
2006 novel of the same name
) which portrays Lecter as a young man.
Hopkins was asked in an interview on the subject of whether or not he believed the idea of Starling and Lecter heading off into the sunset as lovers (as happens in the book). "Yes, I did. Other people found that preposterous. I suppose there's a moral issue there. I think it would have been a very interesting thing though. I think it would have been very interesting had she gone off, because I suspected that there was that romance, attachment there, that obsession with her. I guessed that a long time ago, at the last phone call to Clarice, at the end of
SotL
, she said, 'Dr. Lecter, Dr. Lecter ... '."
[72]
Other media
[
edit
]
Prequels
[
edit
]
The film was followed by two films which are prequels based on novels by
Thomas Harris
(although the novel of
Red Dragon
isn't itself a prequel as it was written before
Hannibal
):
In popular culture
[
edit
]
In 2013, there was a news story from Italy where a gangster fed his rival alive to pigs. Many media stories compared this to a similar scene in
Hannibal
.
[73]
[
citation needed
]
Five months after the film's release, the renowned
South Park
episode
Scott Tenorman Must Die
featured
Eric Cartman
attempting to train a pony to bite his titular rival Scott Tenorman, directly citing "the deformed guy" from Hannibal for such a scheme.
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
As depicted in
The Silence of the Lambs
(1991).
- ^
Oldman was uncredited in the original theatrical version of the film. His name was added to the closing credits in all subsequent releases.
References
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External links
[
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]
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