Count of Flanders from 1251 to 1305
Guy of Dampierre
(
French
:
Gui de Dampierre
;
Dutch
:
Gwijde van Dampierre
) (
c.
1226
– 7 March 1305,
Compiegne
) was the
Count of Flanders
(1251?1305) and
Marquis of Namur
(1264?1305). He was a prisoner of the French when his Flemings defeated the latter at the
Battle of the Golden Spurs
in 1302.
Life
[
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]
Guy was the second son of
William II of Dampierre
and
Margaret II of Flanders
.
The death of his elder brother
William
in a
tournament
made him joint
Count of Flanders
with his mother. (She had made William co-ruler of Flanders in 1246 to ensure that it would go to the Dampierre children of her second marriage, rather than the Avesnes children of her first.) Guy and his mother struggled against the Avesnes (led by
John I, Count of Hainaut
) in the
War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault
, but were defeated in 1253 at the Battle of Walcheren, and Guy was taken prisoner.
By the mediation of
Louis IX of France
, he was ransomed in 1256. Some respite was obtained by the death of John of Hainaut in 1257.
In 1270, Margaret confiscated the wares of English merchants in Flanders for non-payment of customs. This led to a devastating trade war with England, which supplied most of the wool for the Flemish weavers. The dispute was ended by a
treaty agreed at Montreuil-sur-Mer
on 28 July 1274, effectively abolishing customs charged on English merchants in Flanders.
Even after her abdication in 1278, Guy often found himself in difficulties with the fractious commoners.
In 1288, complaints over taxes led
Philip IV of France
to tighten his control over Flanders. Tension built between Guy and the king; in 1294, Guy arranged a marriage between his daughter Philippa and
Edward, Prince of Wales
. However, Philip imprisoned Guy and two of his sons, forced him to call off the marriage, and imprisoned Philippa in Paris until her death in 1306. Guy was summoned before the king again in 1296, and the principal cities of Flanders were taken under royal protection until Guy paid an indemnity and surrendered his territories, to hold them at the grace of the king.
After these indignities, Guy attempted to revenge himself on Philip by an alliance with
Edward I of England
in 1297, to which Philip responded by declaring Flanders annexed to the
royal domain
. The French under
Robert
II
,
count
of
Artois
, defeated the Flemish at the 20 August 1297
Battle of Furnes
, and
Edward's expedition into Flanders
was abortive. Both Philip and Edward had resorted to independently taxing the clergy and
Pope Boniface VIII
's initial response, the
bull
Clericis Laicos
, had only led to the
outlawing
of most English clerics and a French
embargo
on the export of precious metals and jewels that damaged Boniface's own finances. Under close papal supervision, France and England accepted a 3-year
status quo ante
armistice in October 1297. In 1299, Edward ratified the
Treaties of Montreuil
and
Chartres
, betrothing
his eldest son
to
Philip's daughter
and himself marrying Philip's sister
Margaret
. Guy was thus left to his fate when the French invaded again after the end of the armistice in January 1300. He and his son
Robert
III
were captured by May.
The Flemish burghers, however, found direct French rule to be more oppressive than that of the count. After they smashed a French army at the
Battle of the Golden Spurs
in 1302, Guy was briefly released by the French who were negotiating terms to end the
Siege of Tournai
. His subjects, however, refused to compromise. A new French offensive in 1304 destroyed a Flemish fleet at the
Battle of Zierikzee
and defeated the Flemish at the
Battle of Mons-en-Pevele
. Guy was returned to prison, where he died.
Family
[
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]
Count Guy had two daughters named Margaret by two wives.
In June 1246 he married
Matilda of Bethune
(d. 8 November 1264),
daughter of
Robert VII, Lord of Bethune
, and had the following children:
- Marie (d. 1297), married William of Julich (d. 1278), son of
William IV, Count of Julich
. She had a son,
William
. Married in 1285 Simon II de Chateauvillain (d. 1305), Lord of Bremur.
- Robert III of Flanders
(1249–1322), his successor.
- William (aft. 1249 – 1311), Lord of Dendermonde and Crevecoeur, married in 1286 Alix of Beaumont,
daughter of
Raoul of Clermont
and had issue. His son John of Dampierre, Lord of Crevecœur married to Beatrice, daughter of
Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol
.
- John of Flanders
(1250 – 4 October 1290),
Bishop of Metz
and
Bishop of Liege
- Baldwin (1252–1296).
- Margaret
(c. 1253 – 3 July 1285), married in 1273
John I, Duke of Brabant
- Beatrice (c. 1260 – 5 April 1291), married c. 1270
Floris V, Count of Holland
- Philip
(c. 1263 – November 1308), Count of Teano, married Mahaut de Courtenay, Countess of Chieti (d. 1303),
married c. 1304 Philipotte of Milly (d. c. 1335), no issue.
In March 1265 he married
Isabelle of Luxembourg
(d. September 1298),
daughter of
Henry V of Luxembourg
, and had the following children:
- Beatrice (d. 1307), married c. 1287
Hugh II of Chatillon
- Margaret
(d. 1331), married on 14 November 1282 at
Roxburgh
,
Alexander of Scotland
(son of
Alexander III of Scotland
),
married on 3 July 1286 in
Namur
,
Reginald I of Guelders
.
- Isabelle (d. 1323), married 1307 Jean de Fiennes, Lord of
Tingry
and Chatelain of
Bourbourg
, mother of
Robert de Fiennes
, Constable of France.
- Philippa (d. 1306,
Paris
).
- John I, Marquis of Namur
(1267–1330), married Margaret of Clermont,
daughter of
Robert, Count of Clermont
, and
Marie of Artois
(1291?1365), daughter of
Philip of Artois
and had issue.
- Guy of Namur
(d. 1311), Lord of
Ronse
,
Count of Zeeland
, married Margaret of Lorraine,
daughter of
Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine
. No issue.
- Henry (d. 6 November 1337), Count of Lodi, married January 1309 Margaret of
Cleves
(daughter of
Dietrich VII, Count of Cleves
) and had issue.
- Joan (d. 1296), a nun at
Flines Abbey
.
References
[
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]
Sources
[
edit
]
- Bradbury, Jim (2007).
The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty
. Continuum Publishing.
- Evergates, Theodore (2007).
The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100?1300
. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Fegley, Randall (2002).
The Golden Spurs of Kortrijk: How the Knights of France Fell to the Foot Soldiers of Flanders in 1302
. McFarland & Co.
ISBN
0786480548
.
- Sargent-Baur, Barbara N. (1999).
Philippe de Remi, Le Roman de la Manekine
. Rodopi.
- Verbruggen, J. F. (2002). DeVries, Kelly (ed.).
The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Courtrai, 11 July 1302)
. Translated by Ferguson, David Richard. Boydell Press.
- Walters, Barbara R.; Corrigan, Vincent; Ricketts, Peter T., eds. (2006).
The Feast of Corpus Christi
. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
- Wyffels, C. (1980). "Economische oorlog tussen Vlaanderen en Engeland".
Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis
. State Archives in Belgium.
External links
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